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Effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from double-cropping rice fields

Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 52-62页

作者： Mingcheng HU Andrew j.WADE Weishou SHEn Zhenfang ZHOnG Chongwen QIU Xiangui LIn jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG66 DWUK Haina Research Institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Rice fields are a major source of greenhouse gases,such as nitrous oxide (n_(2)O) and methane (CH_(4)).Organic fertilizers may potentially replace inorganic fertilizers to meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth;however,the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on n_(2)O and CH_(4)emissions and crop yield in paddy fields remain poorly understood and *** this study,experimental plots were established in conventional double-cropping paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta,China,including an unfertilized control and five fertilizer treatments with fresh organic fertilizer (FOF),successively composted organic fertilizer (SOF),chemically composted organic fertilizer (COF),COF supplemented with inorganic fertilizer (COIF),and chemical fertilizers (CFs)(TFOF,TSOF,TCOF,TCOIF,and TCF,respectively).Paddy field soils behaved simultaneously as an n_(2)O sink (cumulative n_(2)O emission:-196 to-381 g n ha^(-1)) and as a CH_(4)source (cumulative CH_(4)emission:719 to 2 178 kg ha^(-1)).Compared to CFs,the effects of organic fertilizers on n_(2)O emission were not *** contrast,total annual CH_(4)emission increased by 157%,132%,125%,and 37%in TFOF,TCOF,TSOF,and TCOIF,respectively,compared to *** TCOIF,rice yield was maintained,while CH_(4)emission was not significantly increased from the paddy fields characterized by a prolonged flood *** important next step is to extend these field-based measurements to larger rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional and national-scale impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and to help determine the optimum practice for fertilizer use.

关键词： crop production global warming potential greenhouse gases manure paddy sustainable agriculture

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new insights into nitric oxide biosynthesis underpin lateral root development

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 691-693页

作者： Kapuganti jagadis Gupta nidhi Yadav Aprajita Kumari Gary j.Loake national Institute for Plant Genome Research Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi 110070India Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEH93BF EdinburghUK Centre for Engineering Biology School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEH93BF EdinburghUK

In recent years,nitric oxide(nO)has emerged as a key redox signaling molecule in plants functioning in the regulation of key developmental programs and the orchestration of responses to a plethora of environmental cues(Kolbert et al.,2019).The predominant route for the transfer of nO bioactivity is through S-nitrosylation,the addition of an nO moiety to a protein cysteine thiol to form an S-nitrosothiol(Yun et al.,2011).Specificity for this process is established by the structural constraints imposed by tertiary protein structure in gating access to given cysteine redox switches and associated proteins that can either facilitate the addition or removal of the nO moiety at these residues(Umbreen et al.,2018).

关键词： moiety addition redox

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A Tutorial on Federated Learning from Theory to Practice:Foundations,Software Frameworks,Exemplary Use Cases,and Selected Trends

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IEEE/CAA journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 824-850页

作者： M.Victoria Luzón nuria Rodríguez-Barroso Alberto Argente-Garrido Daniel jiménez-López jose M.Moyano javier Del Ser Weiping Ding Francisco Herrera Department of Software Engineering Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Communications Engineering University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)and also with TECNALIABasque Research&Technology Alliance(BRTA)Spain School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

When data privacy is imposed as a necessity,Federated learning(FL)emerges as a relevant artificial intelligence field for developing machine learning(ML)models in a distributed and decentralized *** allows ML models to be trained on local devices without any need for centralized data transfer,thereby reducing both the exposure of sensitive data and the possibility of data interception by malicious third *** paradigm has gained momentum in the last few years,spurred by the plethora of real-world applications that have leveraged its ability to improve the efficiency of distributed learning and to accommodate numerous participants with their data *** virtue of FL,models can be learned from all such distributed data sources while preserving data *** aim of this paper is to provide a practical tutorial on FL,including a short methodology and a systematic analysis of existing software ***,our tutorial provides exemplary cases of study from three complementary perspectives:i)Foundations of FL,describing the main components of FL,from key elements to FL categories;ii)Implementation guidelines and exemplary cases of study,by systematically examining the functionalities provided by existing software frameworks for FL deployment,devising a methodology to design a FL scenario,and providing exemplary cases of study with source code for different ML approaches;and iii)Trends,shortly reviewing a non-exhaustive list of research directions that are under active investigation in the current FL *** ultimate purpose of this work is to establish itself as a referential work for researchers,developers,and data scientists willing to explore the capabilities of FL in practical applications.

关键词： Data privacy distributed machine learning federated learning software frameworks

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亚洲金融危机对农产品市场的影响

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中国农村经济 1998年第12期 72-75页

作者： j.n.格林菲尔德联合国粮农组织农业部农村经济研究中心

本文对亚洲金融危机的某些影响进行述评，重点分析对国际农产品价格的影响、对亚洲某些国家供求形势的影响以及对食品安全的影响。一、基本判断１．虽然亚洲金融危机始于１９９７年夏天，但至今它对宏观经济仍然产生着影响。亚洲金融危... 详细信息

本文对亚洲金融危机的某些影响进行述评，重点分析对国际农产品价格的影响、对亚洲某些国家供求形势的影响以及对食品安全的影响。一、基本判断１．虽然亚洲金融危机始于１９９７年夏天，但至今它对宏观经济仍然产生着影响。亚洲金融危机的基本特征是股票值大幅度下跌，货...

关键词：亚洲地区金融危机农产品市场影响

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Resident involvement in the prostatic urethral lift:implementing innovative technology in an academic setting

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Asian journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 616-620页

作者： Ridwan Alam Matthew j Rabinowitz taylor P Kohn Vanessa n Peña james L Liu Yasin Bhanji Amin S Herati Department of Urology The James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA

Adoption of the prostatic urethral lift(PUL)as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia highlights the importance of training residents with novel technology without compromising patient *** study examines the effect of resident involvement during PUL on patient and procedural *** chart review was conducted on all consecutive PUL cases performed by a single academic urologist between October 2017 and november *** in post-graduate year(PGY)1–3 are considered j.n.or residents,while those in PGY 4–6 are senior *** International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)and quality of life(QOL)scores were used to measure *** and mixed-effects linear regression models were used to compare *** were 110 patients with a median age of 66.4 *** were involved in 73 cases(66.4%),and senior residents were involved in 31 of those *** involvement was not associated with adverse perioperative outcomes with respect to the number of implants fired,the percentage of implants successfully placed,or the postoperative catheterization *** adjustment for confounding factors,j.n.or residents were associated with significantly longer case length compared to the attending alone(+12.6 min,P=0.003)but senior residents were not(+2.4 min,P=0.59).IPSS and QOL scores were not significantly affected by resident involvement(P=0.12 and P=0.21,respectively).The presence of surgeons-in-training,particularly those in the early stages,prolongs PUL case length but does not appear to have an adverse impact on patient outcomes.

关键词： internship and residency operative time prostatic hyperplasia prostheses and implants quality of life

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Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton Cody j.Salzmann joseph E.Kaiser Shannon C.F.Smith Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(P ng the post-carp period as reflected by boat electrofishing and experimental gill nets. However, all indices were generally similar(P > 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(n. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

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Role of aminopeptidase n-like in the acquisition of begomoviruses by Bemisia tabaci,the whitefly vector

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 707-719页

作者： Yun-Yun Fan Yao Chi na Chen Wilmer j.Cuellar Xiao-Wei Wang Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Zhejiang Tianmushan national nature Reserve Administration HangzhouChina Institute of Plant Protection Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangChina Virology Laboratory Cassava ProgramInternational Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT)PalmiraColombia

Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus(SLCMV)is a prominent causative agent of cassava mosaic disease in Asia and relies on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci cryptic complex for its ***,the molecular mechanisms involved in SLCMV transmission by *** have yet to be *** this study,we identified an aminopeptidase n-like protein(BtAPn)in *** Asia II 1,an efficient vector of SLCMV,which is involved in the SLCMV transmission *** the use of glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and LC-MS/MS analysis,we demonstrated the interaction between BtAPn and the coat protein(CP)of *** interaction was further confirmed in vitro,and we observed an induction of BtAPn gene expression following SLCMV *** interfering with the function of BtAPn,the quantities of SLCMV were significantly reduced in various parts of *** Asia II 1,including the whole body,midgut,hemolymph,and primary salivary ***,we discovered that BtAPn is conserved in *** Middle East-Asia Minor 1(MEAM1)and interacts with the CP of tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV),a begomovirus known to cause severe damage to tomato *** BtAPn with antibody led to a significant reduction in the quantities of TYLCV in whitefly whole body and organs/*** results demonstrate that BtAPn plays a generic role in interacting with the CP of begomoviruses and positively regulates their acquisition by the whitefly.

关键词： BtAPn coat protein SLCMV TYLCV virus acquisition whitefly

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Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： j.Touche C.Calvaruso P.De Donato M.-P.Turpault InRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance UMR 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western Europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly *** experiment in a beech forest in Meuse(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence *** aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynamics,including resorption,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium(K)partitioning to resorption(*** efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades,there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study *** foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus(P)were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(n)resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree *** calcium(Ca)negative resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf

关键词： natural drought Beech forest Canopy Resorption Foliar leaching Senesced leaves nutrition

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Dominance of transposable element‑related satDnAs results in great complexity of“satDnA library”and invokes the extension towards“repetitive DnA library”

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 236-251页

作者： Monika Tunjić‑Cvitanić Daniel García‑Souto juan j.Pasantes EvaŠatović‑Vukšić Division of Molecular Biology Ruđer BoškovićInstitute10000 ZagrebCroatia Genomes and Disease Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases(CIMUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela15706 Santiago de CompostelaSpain Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical AnthropologyUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15706 Santiago de CompostelaSpain Centro de Investigación Mariña Dpto de BioquímicaXenética e InmunoloxíaUniversidade de Vigo36310 VigoSpain

Research on bivalves is fast-growing,including genome-wide analyses and genome *** characteristics qualify oysters as a valuable model to explore repetitive DnA sequences and their genome *** we char-acterize the satellitomes of five species in the family Ostreidae(Crassostrea angulata,***,***,***,Ostrea edulis),revealing a substantial number of satellite DnAs(satDnAs)per genome(ranging between 33 and 61)and peculiarities in the composition of their *** satDnAs were either associated to or derived from transposable elements,displaying a scarcity of transposable element-unrelated satDnAs in these *** to the non-conventional satellitome constitution and dominance of Helitron-associated satDnAs,comparative satellitomics demanded more in-depth analyses than standardly *** analyses(including ***,the first bivalve species with a defined satellitome)revealed that 13 satDnAs occur in all six oyster genomes,with Cg170/HindIII satDnA being the most abundant in all of *** the“satDnA library model”highlighted the necessity to adjust this term when studying tandem repeat evolution in organisms with such *** repetitive sequences with potential variation in the organizational form and repeat-type affiliation are examined across related species,the introduction of the terms“TE library”and“repetitive DnA library”becomes essential.

关键词： Satellitome Comparative satellitomics Helitron Bivalves “Dark matter of the genome”

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The global stability and optimal control of the COVID-19 epidemic model

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International journal of Biomathematics 2024年第1期17卷 1-28页

作者： Fengsheng Chien Hassan Saberi nik Mohammad Shiraziant j.F.Gomez-Aguilar School of Finance and Accounting Fuzhou University of International Studies and Trade Fuzhou 352020 P.R.China Faculty of Business City university of Macao Macao 999078P.R.China Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of neyshabur NeyshaburIran COnACyT-Tecnologico nacional de Mécico/CEnIDET Interior Internado Palmira S/n Col.Palmira C.P.62490CuernavacaMorelosMérico

This paper considers stability analysis of a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Virus(SEIRV)model with nonlinear incidence rates and indicates the severity and weakness of control factors for disease *** Lyapunov function using Volterra-Lyapunov matrices makes it possible to study the global stability of the endemic equilibrium *** optimal control strategy is proposed to prevent the spread of coronavirus,in addition to governmental *** objective is to minimize together with the quantity of infected and exposed individuals while minimizing the total costs of treatment.A numerical study of the model is also carried out to investigate the analytical results.

关键词： Global stability SEIRV epidemic model dynamical systems Volterra-Lyapunov stability optimal control

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