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Characterization of spray deposition and drift from a low drift nozzle for aerial application at different application altitudes

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International journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第4期4卷 28-33页

作者： Yanbo Huang Steven j.Thomson US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceCrop Production Systems Research UnitStonevilleMS 38776USA

A complex interaction of controllable and uncontrollable factors is involved in aerial application of crop production and protection *** it is difficult to completely characterize spray deposition and drift,these important factors can be estimated with appropriate sampling protocol and *** height is an important variable influencing off-target spray drift,but this variable has not been easily measured or logged.A custom-configured aircraft-mounted laser with logging capabilities makes this *** study was designed to investigate droplet size and deposition characteristics of a low drift CP flat-fan nozzle at application altitudes 3.7 m,4.9 m,and 6.1 *** the study,CP flat-fan nozzles were set to a downward angle of 30 degrees applying a mixture of water,Syl-Tac®adjuvant,and Rubidium Chloride(RbCl)tracer at a 28.5 L/ha application *** droplets were collected using water sensitive paper(WSP)cards placed in the spray *** sheets were also placed in the swath and downwind for drift *** analysis indicated that median droplet diameter as determined by WSP in the spray swath was not significantly influenced by spray application ***,statistical analysis also indicated that concentration of RbCl tracer from Mylar samplers in the spray swath was not significantly influenced by application *** height had a significant effect on spray deposition from drift samplers,along with wind direction and relative *** results for drift samplers may have been influenced by shifts in wind direction that altered the relationship between orientation of samplers and wind.

关键词： deposition spray nozzle aerial application droplet spectra spray drift

Concurrent chemoradiation for high-risk prostate cancer

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World journal of Clinical Oncology 2015年第4期6卷 35-42页

作者： Benjamin T Cooper Nicholas j Sanfilippo Department of Radiation Oncology New York University School of Medicine

There are estimated to be 220800 cases of prostate cancer diagnosed in 2015, making up 26% of all cancer diagnoses. Fortunately, adenocarcinoma of the prostate is often a highly treatable malignancy. Even though the majority of prostate cancer patients present with localized disease, prostate cancer still accounts for over 27000 deaths a year. There is a subset of patients thatare likely to recur after locoregional treatment that is thought of as a "high-risk" population. This more aggressive subset includes patients with clinical stage greater than T2 b, Gleason score greater than 7, and prostate specific antigen greater than 20 ng/d L. The rate of biochemical relapse in this high risk group is 32%-70% within five years of definitive focal therapy. Given these discouraging outcomes, attempts have been made to improve cure rates by radiation dose escalation, addition of androgen depravation therapy, and addition of chemotherapy either sequentially or concurrently with radiation. One method that has been shown to improve clinical outcomes is the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy for definitive treatment. Concurrent chemoradiation with 5-fluorouracil, estramustine phosphate, vincristine, docetaxel, and paclitaxel has been studied in the phase I and/or II setting. These trials have identified the maximum tolerated dose of chemotherapy and radiation that can be safely delivered concurrently and established the safety and feasibility of this technique. This review will focus on the addition of concurrent chemotherapy to radiotherapy in the definitive management of high-risk prostate cancer.

关键词： Prostate cancer Chemoradiation Highrisk prostate cancer Concurrent chemotherapy Chemotherapy Intensity modulated radiation therapy

Modified activated carbon with interconnected fibrils of iron-oxyhydroxides using Mn^(2+) as morphology regulator, for a superior arsenic removal from water

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第2期31卷 403-414页

作者： Cesar Nieto-Delgado joel Gutiérrez-Martínez j.Rene Rangel-Méndez Environmental Sciences Division Potosino Institute of Scientific and Technological ResearchIPICyT

The arsenic removal efficiency of iron-modified activated carbons depends greatly on the number of available iron oxide surface sites, which are given by the surface area of the anchored particles. In this sense, aiming the generation of an adsorbent with superior arsenic adsorption capacity, we developed a protocol to anchor interconnected fibrils of iron oxyhydroxides, using Mn^(2+) as a morphology regulator. The protocol was based on a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, using bituminous based activated carbon and both Fe^(2+) and Mn^(2+) ions in the hydrolysis solution. The elemental analysis of modified carbons revealed that Mn does not anchor to the carbon. However, when Mn is included in the hydrolysis solution, the iron content in the activated carbon increased up to 3.5 wt%,without considerable decreasing the adsorbent surface area. Under specific hydrothermal conditions, the Mn^(2+) promoted the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles shaped as interconnected fibrils. This material showed a superior arsenic adsorption capacity in comparison to similar iron modified activated carbons(5 mg As/g carbon, at 2 mg As/L),attributed to the increase in quantity and availability of active sites located on the novel interconnected fibrils of iron oxyhydroxides nanostructures.

关键词： Iron oxide nanostructures Hydrothermal synthesis Microwave Adsorption capacity Kinetics

Analysis of flow-field in a dual mode ramjet combustor with boundary layer bleed in isolator

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Propulsion and Power Research 2021年第1期10卷 37-47页

作者： Nishanth Thillai Amit Thakur Srikrishnateja K. Dharani j. Department of Mechanical Engineering PES UniversityBangaloreIndia

A two-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes(RANS)simulation of a dual mode ramjet(DMRj)combustor is performed,modeling the University of Michigan dual-mode combustor experimental setup operating in reacting mode with different equivalence ratios(4).The simulations are carried out using a k-u SST turbulence model and a steady diffusion flamelet model for non-premixed *** enters the isolator at Mach 2.2,stagnation pressure and temperature of 549.2 kPa and 1400 K *** is injected transverse to the flow direction and upstream of the cavity flame holder to simulate ramjet(4 Z 0.29)and scramjet(4 Z 0.19)modes of *** static pressure plots are used to validate numerical results against experimental *** of flow separation in ramjet mode due to the presence of a shock train in the isolator is carried out by means of numerical Schlieren images overlapped with contours of negative axial velocity,showing the effects of shock wave boundary layer interaction(SWBLI).Active control through wall normal boundary layer bleed in the separated flow region is implemented,which weakens the shock train and moves it downstream closer to the *** results in an improved stagnation pressure recovery in ramjet mode,with a marginal increase in combustion efficiency.

关键词： Dual mode ramjet Scramjet combustor Shock wave boundary layer interaction Boundary-layer bleed Flamelet combustion model

VARIOUS NOTIONS OF ORTHOGONALITY IN NORMED SPACES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2013年第5期33卷 1387-1397页

作者： N.B.OKELO j.O.AGURE P.O.OLECHE School of Mathematics and Actuarial Science Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology School of Mathematics Statistics and Actuarial Science Maseno University

In this paper, we present various notions and aspects of orthogonality in normed spaces. Characterizations and generalizations of orthogonality are also consid- ered. Results on orthogonality of the range and the kern... 详细信息

关键词： orthogonality normed space elementary operator

Monarch Butterfly Optimization for Reliable Scheduling in Cloud

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3693-3710页

作者： B.Gomathi S.T.Suganthi Karthikeyan Krishnasamy j.Bhuvana Department of Information Technology Hindusthan College of Engineering and TechnologyCoimbatore641032India Department of Computer Networking Lebanese French UniversityErbil44001Iraq Department of Information Technology Coimbatore Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641014India Department of MCA School of Computer Science and ITJain(Deemed to be)UniversityBangalore560069India

Enterprises have extensively taken on cloud computing environment since it provides on-demand virtualized cloud application *** scheduling of the cloud tasks is a well-recognized NP-hard *** Task scheduling problem is convoluted while convincing different objectives,which are dispute in *** this paper,Multi-Objective Improved Monarch Butterfly Optimization(MOIMBO)algorithm is applied to solve multi-objective task scheduling problems in the cloud in preparation for Pareto optimal *** different dispute objectives,such as makespan,reliability,and resource utilization,are deliberated for task scheduling *** Epsilonfuzzy dominance sort method is utilized in the multi-objective domain to elect the foremost solutions from the Pareto optimal solution ***,together with the Self Adaptive and Greedy Strategies,have been incorporated to enrich the performance of the proposed *** capability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are measured with NSGA-II and MOPSO *** simulation results prompt that the proposed MOIMBO algorithm extensively diminishes the makespan,maximize the reliability,and guarantees the appropriate resource utilization when associating it with identified existing algorithms.

关键词： Improved monarch butterfly optimization cloud computing makespan reliability fuzzy dominance task scheduling

Salient concerns in using analgesia for cancer pain among outpatients: A cluster analysis study

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World journal of Clinical Oncology 2017年第1期8卷 75-85页

作者： Salimah H Meghani George j Knafl Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences New Courtland Center for Transitions and HealthLeonard Davis Institute of Health EconomicsUniversity of Pennsylvania University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nursing

AIM To identify unique clusters of patients based on their concerns in using analgesia for cancer pain and predictors of the cluster *** This was a 3-mo prospective observational study(n = 207).Patients were included if they were adults(≥ 18 years), diagnosed with solid tumors or multiple myelomas, and had at least one prescription of around the clock pain medication for cancer or cancer-treatment-related *** were recruited from two outpatient medical oncology clinics within a large health system in Philadelphia.A choice-based conjoint(CBC) analysis experiment was used to elicit analgesic treatment preferences(utilities).Patients employed trade-offs based on five analgesic attributes(percent relief from analgesics, type of analgesic, type of sideeffects, severity of side-effects, out of pocket cost).Patients were clustered based on CBC utilities using novel adaptive statistical *** logistic regression was used to identify predictors of cluster *** The analyses found 4 unique clusters: Most patients made trade-offs based on the expectation of pain relief(cluster 1, 41%).For a subset, the main underlying concern was type of analgesic prescribed, i.e., opioid vs non-opioid(cluster 2, 11%) and type of analgesic side effects(cluster 4, 21%), *** one in four made trade-offs based on multiple concerns simultaneously including pain relief, type of side effects, and severity of side effects(cluster 3, 27.5%).In multivariable analysis, to identify predictors of cluster membership, clinical and socioeconomic factors(education, health literacy, income, social support) rather than analgesic attitudes and beliefs were found important; only the belief, i.e., pain medications can mask changes in health or keep you from knowing what is going on in your body was found significant in predicting two of the four clusters [cluster 1(-); cluster 4(+)].CONCLUSION Most patients appear to be driven by a single salient concer

关键词： Cancer pain Analgesia Opioids Preferences Conjoint analysis Side-effects

Multi-input address incremental clustering for the Bitcoin blockchain based on Petri net model analysis

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第5期8卷 680-686页

作者： Fangchi Qin Yan Wu Fang Tao Lu Liu Leilei Shi Anthony j.Miller jiangsu Key Laboratory of Security Technology for Industrial Cyberspace School of Computer Science and Telecommunication EngineeringJiangsu UniversityChina Birmingham Business School University of BirminghamUK School of Informatics University of LeicesterUK

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency based on *** historical Bitcoin transactions are stored in the Bitcoin blockchain,but Bitcoin owners are generally *** is the reason for Bitcoin's pseudo-anonymity,therefore it is often used for illegal *** addresses are related to Bitcoin users'*** Bitcoin addresses have the potential to be analyzed due to the behavior patterns of Bitcoin ***,existing Bitcoin analysis methods do not consider the fusion of new blocks'data,resulting in low efficiency of Bitcoin address *** order to address this problem,this paper proposes an incremental Bitcoin address cluster method to avoid re-clustering when new block data is ***,a heuristic Bitcoin address clustering algorithm is developed to improve clustering accuracy for the Bitcoin *** results show that the proposed method increases Bitcoin address cluster efficiency and accuracy.

关键词： Bitcoin Blockchain Petri net Incremental clustering

Highly active and durable Pd-Cu catalysts for oxygen reduction in alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第3期11卷 299-309页

作者： Xiong PENG Travis j. OMASTA justin M. ROLLER William E. MUSTAIN Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut 191 Auditorium Drive Storrs CT 06269 USA

A Pd-Cu catalyst, with primary B2-type phase, supported by VulcanXC-7R carbon was synthesized via a solvothermal method. The catalysts were physically and electrochemically characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, trans- mission electron microscopy （TEM） and both cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry using a rotating disk electrode （RDE）. During the RDE testing, the half-wave potential of the Pd-Cu/Vulcan catalyst was 50 mV higher compared to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） in alkaline media. The Pd-Cu/Vulcan exhibited a specific activity of 1.27 mA/cm2 and a mass activity of 0.59 A/mgpd at 0.9 V, which were 4 and 3 times greater than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, respectively. The Pd-Cu/Vulcan catalyst also showed higher in-situ alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell （AEMFC） performance, with operating power densities of 1100 MW/cm2 operating on H2/O2 and 700 MW/cm2 operating on H2/Air （CO2-free）, which were markedly higher than those of the commercial Pt/C. The Pd-Cu/ Vulcan catalyst also exhibited high stability during a short-term, in-situ AEMFC durability test, with only around 11% performance loss after 30 hours of operation, an improve- ment over most AEMFCs reported in the literature to date.

关键词： alkaline exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cell Pd-Cu oxygen reduction high performance water