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Four buildings and a flush:Lessons from degraded water quality and recommendations on building water management

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第2期18卷 104-113页

作者： Kyungyeon Ra Caitlin Proctor Christian ley Danielle Angert Yoorae Noh Tolulope Odimayomi Andrew j.Whelton Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University550 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA Agricultural and Biological Engineering Division of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Colorado1111 Engineering DriveBoulderCO80309USA Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Texas301E E Dean Keeton StreetAustinTX78712USA Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech750 Drillfield DriveBlacksburgVA24061USA Lyles School of Civil Engineering Division of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringPurdue University550 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA

A reduction in building occupancy can lead to stagnant water in plumbing,and the potential consequences for water quality have gained increasing *** investigate this,a study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic,focusing on water quality in four institutional *** of these buildings were old(>58 years)and large(>19,000 m2),while the other two were new(>13 years)and small(<11,000 m2).The study revealed significant decreases in water usage in the small buildings,whereas usage remained unchanged in the large *** analysis found that residual chlorine was rarely detectable in cold/drinking water ***,the pH,dissolved oxygen,total organic carbon,and total cell count levels in the first draw of cold water samples were similar across all ***,the ranges of heavy metal concentrations in large buildings were greater than observed in small ***(Cu),lead(Pb),and manganese(Mn)sporadically exceeded drinking water limits at cold water fixtures,with maximum concentrations of 2.7 mg Cu L^(-1),45.4 mg Pb L^(-1),1.9 mg Mn L^(-1).Flushing the plumbing for 5 min resulted in detectable residual at fixtures in three buildings,but even after 125 min of flushing in largest and oldest building,no residual chlorine was detected at the fixture closest to the building's point of *** the pandemic,the building owner conducted fixture flushing,where one to a few fixtures were operated per visit in buildings with hundreds of fixtures and multiple ***,further research is needed to understand the fundamental processes that control faucet water quality from the service line to the *** the absence of this knowledge,building owners should create and use as-built drawings to develop flushing plans and conduct periodic water testing.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic Stagnation Drinking water quality Flushing

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国际医学放射学杂志 2012年第3期 292-293页

作者： S.ley j.L.zaporozhan M.B.Pitton j.Schneider G.M.Wirth E.Mayer 董龙春 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology UniversittsmedizinJohannes Gutenberg UniversityLangenbeckstrasse 155131 MainzGermany

目的探讨对评价慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)病人肺动脉情况最有价值的成像技术。材料与方法对24例CTEPH病人于3d内分别完成心电门控多层CT血管成像(MD-CTA),对比增强MR血管成像(ce-MRA)和选择性数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查。2名阅... 详细信息

目的探讨对评价慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)病人肺动脉情况最有价值的成像技术。材料与方法对24例CTEPH病人于3d内分别完成心电门控多层CT血管成像(MD-CTA),对比增强MR血管成像(ce-MRA)和选择性数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查。2名阅片者分别对每种

关键词：慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高血压 ECG-门控MD-CTA 对比增强MRA DSA 肺动脉

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缺血性脑卒中不同亚型新发血管事件的风险

中华高血压杂志 2013年第8期21卷 784-785页

作者： Ois A Cuadrado-Godia E Rodríguez-Campello A Giralt-Steinhauer E jiménez-Conde j Lopez-Cuia M ley M Soriano C Roquer j 林东杰叶鹏《中华高血压杂志》编辑部

该研究评估缺血性脑卒中后新发血管事件（NVE）的风险以及脑卒中不同亚型的血管风险。连续入选三级脑卒中研究中心（tertiary stroke center）的非致死性脑卒中患者1002例，随访2～5年[（31．0±15．9）月]。NVE根据动脉粥样硬化患者大... 详细信息

该研究评估缺血性脑卒中后新发血管事件（NVE）的风险以及脑卒中不同亚型的血管风险。连续入选三级脑卒中研究中心（tertiary stroke center）的非致死性脑卒中患者1002例，随访2～5年[（31．0±15．9）月]。NVE根据动脉粥样硬化患者大型多中心注册研究[降低动脉粥样硬化血栓形成的持续健康登记（REACH）]的标准来定义，包括血管性死亡、非致死性脑卒中或心肌梗死、因其他动脉粥样硬化事件导致的住院等。脑卒中不同亚型根据急性脑卒中治疗Org10172试验（SSS-TOAST）的标准进行分型，分为心源性脑卒中、大动脉粥样硬化性脑卒中、小动脉疾病、其他病因引发的缺血性脑卒中、未确定病因的缺血性脑卒中。最终入选748例，162例出现NVE，发生率为0．084／人年。多因素回归分析结果显示，NVE风险与动脉粥样硬化程度（1、2个血管区域受影响）和3种脑卒中亚型[心源性脑卒中（HR2．58，95％CI1．27～5．22）、大动脉粥样硬化性脑卒中（4．17，95％CI2．03～8．56）、其他病因引发的缺血性脑卒中（5．70，95％CI2．49～13．08）]相关。小动脉疾病和未确定病因的脑卒中NVE风险较低。总之，缺血性脑卒中患者NVE风险增加，脑卒中不同亚型的NVE风险不同。

关键词：缺血性脑卒中血管性死亡卒中亚型动脉粥样硬化血栓形成风险动脉粥样硬化性心源性脑卒中脑卒中患者

Research on arbuscular mycorrhizae in Cuba:a historical review and future perspectives

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 240-262页

作者： Furrazola E Torres-Arias Y Ojeda-Quintana L Fors RO Rodríguez-Rodríguez R ley-Rivas jF Mena A González-González S Berbara RLL Queiroz MB Hamel C Goto BT Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática CITMA Carretera Varona 11835 e/Oriente y LinderoLa Havana 19CalabazarBoyerosLa HavanaCuba CUM Cumanayagua Universidad de Cienfuegos“Carlos R.Rodríguez”CienfuegosCuba Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de janeiro Instituto de AgronomiaSeropedicaRJBrazil Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agropecuarias(INCA) Gaveta Postal 1San Joséde las LajasMayabequeCuba Universidad de Temuco Chile Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução CBUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteCampus Universitário59072-970NatalRNBrazil Quebec Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada2560 Hochelaga BlvdQuebec CityQCCanada G1V 2J3

This review presents the development of researches on arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM)conducted in Cuba,a tropical Caribbean island rich in *** key findings from this work are highlighted and presented as a stepping stone for future *** research has contributed to understand the diversity and functionality of AM in several tropical ecosystems,mainly evergreen forests,agroecosystems,sand dunes and *** were conducted in 10 out of 16 provinces reported 79 AM species,representing 25%of the known species *** researchers have a great deal of expertise in Glomeromycota taxonomy and have described 11 new species,of which six were not reported elsewhere in the ***,important studies conducted in Cuba have shed light on the mycotrophic plants,the role of AM in forest ecosystems,and their use in crop *** contribution of AM to ecosystem processes is a priority line of *** and multidisciplinary researches are necessary to define the role of AM symbioses and improve biogeochemical *** created Cuban Mycorrhizal Research Network will help to coordinate validation campaigns for various biofertilizers with training courses for Cuban farmers to disseminate the key results on *** the challenges for Cuban mycorrhizologists,molecular(genomic)techniques,stable isotopes and nuclear magnetic resonance should also be included as priority lines of research in the future.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity ecosystems mycorrhizal research symbiotic associations

MRI评估运动训练对肺动脉高压病人肺灌注及血流量的影响

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国际医学放射学杂志 2013年第2期 193-193页

作者： S. ley C. Fink F. Risse N. Ehlken C. Fischer j. ley-zaporozhan 李宁 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 430 69120 Heidelberg Germany

目的利用MR评价适当的运动训练是否能够提高肺动脉高压(PH)病人的肺灌注及血流量。方法 20例患有肺动脉高压或经稳定药物治疗的无法手术的慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压病人被随机分为对照组(n=10)或训练组(n=10)。训练组病人接受住院运动训... 详细信息

目的利用MR评价适当的运动训练是否能够提高肺动脉高压(PH)病人的肺灌注及血流量。方法 20例患有肺动脉高压或经稳定药物治疗的无法手术的慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压病人被随机分为对照组(n=10)或训练组(n=10)。训练组病人接受住院运动训练,久坐不动对照组病人接受常规康复治疗。药物治疗在研究期间保持不变。从开始到第3周,对6min步行距离(6MWD)、MR肺血流(峰值速度)和MR灌注(肺动脉血容积)的改变进行评估。结果经过3周训练,平均6MWD(P=0.004)和平均MR血流峰值速度(P=0.012)在训练组增加较明显。训练组病人的6MWD(P=0.008)、MR血流[峰值速度,(-9.7±8.6)cm/s,P=0.007]和MR灌注[肺动脉血容量,(+2.2±2.7)mL/100mL,P=0.017]明显提高,而对照组无明显变化。结论本研究表明呼吸和体育锻炼可以提高肺动脉高压病人的肺灌注。肺灌注MR参数的测量或许是一种评估PH治疗效果的有意义的新方法。本项初步研究的结果还需大样本组来证实。要点①MR灌注定量分析在肺动脉高压病人中是可行的。②定量MR灌注可以对治疗进行无创性的监测。③肺灌注定量研究对PH病人肺的病理生理得出新的见解。④适当的运动训练可以提高PH病人的肺灌注和血流量。

关键词：肺动脉高压运动训练 MRI 肺灌注肺血流

非手术与桡骨短缩术治疗Kiebock氏病的疗效比较

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中医正骨 2002年第6期14卷 21-21页

作者： j Salm on jK Stam ley IA T rail 范少勇江西中医学院南昌330006

月状骨缺血坏死(Kiebock氏病)首先由Kiebock于1910年提出.其发病机制目前尚不清楚.Stahl根据此病的发展,将其分为4级.其治疗方法很多,可概括为非手术和手术治疗两种.非手术治疗通常指在急性期的腕关节制动.手术治疗包括桡骨短缩术、尺... 详细信息

月状骨缺血坏死(Kiebock氏病)首先由Kiebock于1910年提出.其发病机制目前尚不清楚.Stahl根据此病的发展,将其分为4级.其治疗方法很多,可概括为非手术和手术治疗两种.非手术治疗通常指在急性期的腕关节制动.手术治疗包括桡骨短缩术、尺骨延长术、腕间关节融合术、硅橡胶腕关节成形术和带血管蒂的骨移植术.自1988～1996年3家医院治疗该病33例.其中Wrighbigbom医院和Broad green医院对15例病人施行了桡骨短缩术治疗.Wigam皇家医院对18例病人施行非手术治疗.现将治疗结果比较分析如下.

关键词：非手术治疗桡骨短缩术治疗疗效比较 Kiebock

Cyclooxygenase-2 plays a central role in the genesis of pancreatitis and associated lung injury

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2005年第1期4卷 126-129页

作者： Gavin O'Brien Conor j Shields Desmond C Winter john P Dillon Department Of Academic Surgery Cork University Hospital and National University of Ireland Cork Ireland William O Kirwan and H. Paul RedmondCork Ireland

BACKGROUND: The exact mechanism by which cyclooxy- genase-2 (COX-2) promotes inflammation in pancreatitis in obscure. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of COX-2 inhibition in an animal model of pancreati- tis , a disease process characterized by a systemic inflamma- tory response and ensuing neutrophil-mediated lung injury. METHODS: Pancreatitis was induced in 24 Sprague-Daw- ley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 20% L-arginine (500 mg/100 g body weight). The animals were randomized into 3 groups (8 rats in each group); controls and rats with pancreatitis intravenously resuscitated with either normal saline (0.9% NaCl 3 ml/kg) at 24 and 48 hours or COX-2 inhibitor (parecoxib 1 mg/kg). Pancreatic and lung inju- ries were assessed histologically. Lung injury was assessed utilizing wet;dry ratio and myeloperoxidase activity to in- dicate pulmonary neutrophil infiltration. A Western blot was used to determine COX-2 protein expression in pancrea- tic tissue. RESULTS: The animals treated with COX-2 inhibitors dis- played significantly less pancreatic and lung injuries than their normal saline counterparts. Histological pancreatic and lung injury scores were significantly reduced (P juvant COX-2 inhibition significandy attenu- ates the severity of both pancreatitis and its associated sys- temic inflammatory response and end-organ injury.

关键词： cyclooxygenase-2 pancreatitis genesis lung injury

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特发性肺纤维化:CT和死亡风险

国际医学放射学杂志 2015年第1期 70-70页

作者： B.ley B.M.Elicker T.E.Hartman C.j.Ryerson E.Vittinghoff j.H.Ryu Departments of Medicine University of California-San Francisco

目的研究包括对病人性别、年龄、生理功能的临床模型(GAP模型)进行肺纤维化或肺气肿范围的定量CT评分的预后价值。材料与方法本队列研究经当地伦理审查

关键词：特发性肺纤维化 GAP 生理功能预后价值肺气肿肺疾病病人性别 CT

AGRONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REINTRODUCING HERB-AND LEGUME-RICH MULTISPECIES leyS INTO ARABLE ROTATIONS:A REVIEW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 245-271页

作者： Emily C.COOLEDGE David R.CHADWICK Lydia M.j.SMITH jonathan R.LEAKE Davey L.jONES School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK National Institute of Agricultural Botany Huntingdon RoadCambridgeCB 3 OLEUK Plants Photosynthesis and SoilUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS102TNUK Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems Food Futures InstituteMurdochWA 6150Australia

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent decline of mixed farming systems has led to an increase in continuous cropping with only a few fallow or break years,undermining global soil ***-ley rotations incorporating temporary pastures(leys) lasting 1–4 years may alleviate soil degradation by building soil fertility and improving soil ***,the majority of previous research on arable-ley rotations has utilized either grass or grassclover leys within ungrazed *** leys,containing a mix of grasses,legumes,and herbs,are rapidly gaining popularity due to their promotion in agri-environment schemes and potential to deliver greater ecosystem services than conventional grass or grass-clover *** grazing in arable-ley rotations may increase the economic resilience of these systems,despite limited research of the effects of multispecies leys on ruminant health and greenhouse gas *** review aims to evaluate previous research on multispecies leys,highlighting areas for future research and the potential benefits and disbenefits on soil quality and livestock *** botanical composition of multispecies leys is crucial,as legumes,deep rooted perennial plants(e.g.,Onobrychis viciifolia and Cichorium intybus) and herbs(e.g.,Plantago lanceolata) can increase soil carbon,improve soil structure,reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements,and promote the recovery of soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms) in degraded arable soils while delivering additional environmental benefits(e.g.,biological nitrification inhibition and enteric methane reduction).Multispecies leys have the potential to deliver biologically driven regenerative agriculture,but more long-term research is needed to underpin evidence-based policy and farmer guidance.

关键词： bioactive forages integrated crop-livestock systems nitrogen cycling plant secondary metabolites soil carbon soil quality