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MICROBRIDGE TESTING OF YOUNG'S MODULUS AND RESIDUAL STRESS OF NICKEL FILM ELECTROPLATED ON SILICON WAFER

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第3期17卷 247-254页

作者： Y.Zhou C.S.Yang j.A. Chen G.F. Ding L. Wang M.j Wang Y.M Zhang T.H Zhang Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education Research Institute of Micro/Nanometer Science and Technology Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200030 China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM) Institute of Mechanics The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China.

Microbridge testing is used to measure the Young's modulus and residual stresses of metallic *** film microbridges with widths of several hundred microns are fabricated by Microelectromechanical *** order to measure the mechanical properties of nickel film microbridges,special shaft structure is designed to solve the problem of getting the load--deflection curves of metal film microbridge by Nanoin--denter XP system with normal Berkovich *** analysis of the micro--bridge load--deflection curve is proposed to evaluate the Young's modulus and residual stress of the films *** calculated results based on the experimental measurements show that the average Young's modulus and residual stress are around 190GPa and 175MPa respectively,while the Young's modulus measured by Nano-hardness method on nickel film with silicon substrate is 186.8±7.34GPa.

关键词： nickel film microbridge MEMS mechanical property loadeflection measurement

Design of Agents Interacting with Immunoregulating Proteins:Potential Inhibitors of the Phenylpyruvate Tautomerase Activity Catalysed by Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF)

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Chinese journal of Chemistry 2003年第10期21卷 1256-1262页

作者： CARPY Alain j.M. HAASBROEK P.P. OLIVER D.W. PTC-UMR 5472 CNRS Department of Pharmacy and PharmacologyPharmacology Faculty of Health Science University of Bordeaux ITalence France University of Witwatersrand JohannesburgSouth AfricaPotchefstroom University for CHE PotchefstroomSouth Africa

The macrophage migration inhibitory factor has been implicated in a number ofimmune and inflammatory processes. MIF presents particular opportunities for drug design anddevelopment with potential therapeutic applications. Drug design strategies taking intoconsideration of specific stereochemical and tautomeric requirements in the interaction of MIF withsubstrates and inhibitors allow several novel structures to be designed. Our investigationssuccessfully explored the tautomeric and stereochemical aspects of new compounds of the2-phenylpyruvic acid type, both experimentally, through synthesis and structural investigations andcomputationally, through molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics calculations.

关键词： macrophage migration inhibitory factor phenylpyru-vate tautomerase activity azlactone phenylpyruvic acid derivative

Conductivity and electric properties of La_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_(3-δ)nanopowders

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journal of Rare Earths 2009年第4期27卷 651-654页

作者： R.j.Wiglusz A.Gaki G.Kakali A.Chuchmaa W.Strek Institute for Low Temperature and Structure Research Polish Academy of Sciences P.O.Box 937 50-442 Wroctaw Poland Chemical Engineering Department National Technical University Athens 9 Heroon Polytechniou Str. 15773 Athens Greece Electrotechnical Institute Division Electrotechnology and Materials Wroctaw Poland

La1-xSrxMnO3-δ was synthesized by the Pechini＇s method. The XRD pattern and TEM indicate the formation of the perovskite without the presence of secondary phases. It was found that La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δsample prepared at 1000℃ in air atmospheres, contains about 13.11% of the manganese as Mn4＋ and 86.89% of the manganese as Mn3＋. The electric measurements were carded out for La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ nanoceramics by using impedance spectroscopy methods and found to be 0.1 S/cm at 250 ℃ similar to the typical value of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ materials. Its dependence on reciprocal temperature shows quite complicated mechanism of conduction.

关键词： LSMO Pechini's method perovskite impedance spectroscopy rare earths

Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Alumina via a Reverse Precipitation Method

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第6期28卷 572-576页

作者： Y.S.Wu j.Ma F.Hu M.C.Li College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyang 110870China

Mesoporous aluminaΥ-AI203 with high specific surface area and large pore volume is prepared by using a facile reverse precipitation method from sodium aluminate and nitric acid. The effects of terminal pH value, aging time and thermal stability on the characterization of Υ-Al2Oa are studied by means of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） method and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results show that Υ-A1203 with better properties can be obtained by changing the preparation parameters. High BET surface area of 340 m2/g can be obtained by calcining at 500℃ for 4 h with large pore volume of 0.90 cm3/g and average pore size of 7.6 nm. After calcining at 1000°, the surface area is still 86 m2//g and the pore volume is 0.37 cm31/g.

关键词： Mesoporous alumina Reverse precipitation Thermal stability

Lessons learned from the Youngstown, Ohio induced earthquake sequence from january 2011 to january 2012

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第5期9卷 783-796页

作者： A.P.Morris D.A.Ferrill G.R.Walter A.M.Price K.j.Smart R.j.Skoumal M.R.Brudzinski B.S.Currie Southwest Research Institute Culebra Road 6220 San Antonio TX 78238-5166 USA United States Geological Survey Earthquake Science Center 345 Middlefield Rd Building 3A RM 113 Menlo Park CA 94025 USA Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA

The Youngstown earthquake sequence of 2011 is one of the clearest examples of inadvertently induced seismicity for which detailed documentation is *** this paper,we investigate(i) likely stress states in the vicinity of the injection well,(ii) a range of likely permeability scenarios,and(iii) relatively simple methods by which induced seismicity can be evaluated and *** use relocated hypocenters from the seismic sequence to construct a basement fault structure,which is then used to serve as a reference surface within the basement,and on which we calculate the effects of pore pressure changes induced by the injection activities of the Northstar #1 injection *** also deduce an in situ(preinjection) strike-slip stress regime,where ρ2≈ρ3,and it is consistent with both recent earthquake data and published stress estimates for the *** the reactivation characteristics of the basement are known or assumed,a critical or threshold slip tendency can be determined and the basement faults can be analyzed for the likelihood of reactivation in a perturbed pore pressure *** of well injection pressures and simulated pore pressure perturbations within the basement below the injection well indicates that permeability anisotropy is necessary to generate sufficient pore pressure perturbation to induce fault *** of the well’s injection history show that our estimate of in situ stress state,coupled with a highly anisotropic permeability structure,can generate sufficient pore pressure perturbation on the inferred basement structure to cause reactivation,potentially slipping an area of approximately 4×10~5 m~2.

关键词： Induced seismicity Wastewater injection Slip tendency

El Nio and the Kppen–Geiger Classification: A Prototype Concept and Methodology for Mapping Impacts in Central America and the Circum-Caribbean

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第2期9卷 224-236页

作者： Lino Naranjo Michael H.Glantz Sayat Temirbekov Ivan j.Ramírez Consortium for Capacity Building/INSTAAR University of Colorado Department of Anthropology Colorado State University Colorado School of Public Health Colorado State University

The aim of this pilot study conducted by the consortium for capacity building was to develop a prototype concept and methodology for the classification and visualization of the geographic impacts of El Nio on annual climates and seasonality. Our study is based on the Kppen–Geiger climate classification scheme for a set of selected countries affected by strong El Nios in Latin America. By identifying and visualizing the annual and seasonal changes in regional, national, or subnational climate regimes that generally accompany an El Nio event,this research proposes an efficient way to detect and describe climate shifts and variability across time and space. Such knowledge provides a support tool for risk analysis and can potentially enhance government efforts of climate risk management, including disaster risk reduction activities that prevent, mitigate, and improve coping responses to El Nio-related hydrometeorological *** of the conceptual approach and methodology to classifying and mapping El Nio's impacts are described and explained using the Central American and circumCaribbean region as a case study. The potential applications for disaster risk reduction as well as its limitations and future work are also discussed.

关键词： Caribbean Central America Disaster risk reduction El Nio impacts El Nio seasonality Kppen–Geiger classification

Holed Nanostructures Formed by Aluminum Droplets on a GaAs Substrate

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Nano Research 2010年第7期3卷 490-495页

作者： Alvason Zhenhua Li Zhiming M.Wang jiang Wu Gregory j.Salamo Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701USA

We have studied the morphology evolution of holed nanostructures formed by aluminum droplet epitaxy on a GaAs *** outer rings with concentric inner holed rings were ***,an empirical equation to describe the size distribution of the outer rings in the holed nanostructures has been *** contour line generated by the equation provides physical insights into quantum ring formation by droplets of groupⅢmaterials onⅢ-Ⅴsubstrates.

关键词： Droplet epitaxy aluminum droplets MBE GaAs holed nanostructures

Discussion of liquid threshold pressure gradient

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Petroleum 2017年第2期3卷 232-236页

作者： Xiukun Wang james j.Sheng Texas Tech University USA Southwest Petroleum University China

Some authors believe that a minimum pressure gradient(called threshold pressure gradient(TPG))is required before a liquid starts to flow in a porous *** a tight or shale oil formation,this TPG phenomenon becomes more important,as it is more difficult for a fluid to *** this paper,experimental data on TPG published in the literature are carefully *** we found is that a very low flow velocity corresponding to a very low pressure gradient cannot be measured in the *** can only be done above some measurable flow *** these flow velocities and their corresponding pressure gradients are plotted in an XY plot and extrapolated to zero velocity,a non-zero pressure gradient corresponds to this zero *** non-zero pressure gradient is called threshold pressure gradient in the ***,in the regime of very low velocity and very low pressure gradient,the data gradually approach to the origin of the plot,demonstrating a non-linear relationship between the pressure gradient and the *** the data do not approach to a point of zero velocity and a threshold pressure ***,the concept of threshold pressure gradient is a result of data misinterpretation of available experimental *** correct interpretation is that there are two flow regimes:nonlinear flow regime(non-Darcy flow regime)when the pressure gradients are low,and linear flow regime(Darcy flow regime)when the pressure gradient is intermediate or *** nonlinear flow regime starts from the origin *** the pressure gradient is increased,the curve becomes a straight line demonstrating the linear flow *** have verified our views by first analyzing the causes of non-Darcy flow,and then systematically analyzed typical experimental data and correlations in the *** conclude that TPG does not *** also use several counter examples to support our conclusion.

关键词： Low velocity non-Darcy flow Threshold pressure gradient Shale oil reservoirs Tight oil reservoirs

Fluorescent SiC and its application to white light-emitting diodes

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journal of Semiconductors 2011年第1期32卷 24-26页

作者： Satoshi Kamiyama Motoaki Iwaya Tetsuya Takeuchi Isamu Akasaki Mikael Syvjrvi Rositza Yakimova Department of Materials Science and Engineering Meijo University Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Linkping University

Fluorescent-SiC （f-SiC）, which contains donor and acceptor impurities with optimum concentrations, has high conversion efficiency from NUV to visible light caused by donor-acceptor-pair （DAP） recombination. This material can be used as a substrate for a near UVlight-emitting diode （LED） stack, and leads to monolithic white LED device with suitable spectral property for general lighting applications. In this paper, we describe basic technologies of the white LED, such as optical properties of f-SiC substrate, and epitaxial growth of NUV stack on the f-SiC substrate.

关键词： white LED phosphor SiC donor-acceptor-pair GaN general lighting