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Enhanced ion acceleration using the high-energy petawatt PETAl laser

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第5期6卷 62-79页

作者： D.Raffestin l.lecherbourg I.lantúejoul B.Vauzour P.E.Masson-laborde X.Davoine N.Blanchot j.l.dubois X.Vaisseau E.d’Humières l.Gremillet A.Duval Ch.Reverdin B.Rosse G.Boutoux j.E.Ducret Ch.Rousseaux V.Tikhonchuk D.Batani CEA DAMCESTAF-33116 Le BarpFrance Centre laser Intenses et Applications Universit´e de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEAUMR 510733405 TalenceFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Universit´e Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruy`eres-le-ChˆatelFrance CEA DRFIRFUGANILF-14000 CaenFrance ElI-Beamlines Research Centre 25241 DolníBrezanyCzech Republic

The high-energy petawatt PETAl laser system was commissioned at CEA’s laser M´egajoule facility during the 2017–2018 period.This paper reports in detail on the first experimental results obtained at PETAl on energetic particle and photon generation from solid foil targets,with special emphasis on proton acceleration.Despite a moderately relativistic(laser intensity,proton energies as high as 51 MeV have been measured significantly above those expected from preliminary numerical simulations using idealized interaction conditions.Multidimensional hydrodynamic and kinetic simulations,taking into account the actual laser parameters,show the importance of the energetic electron production in the extended low-density preplasma created by the laser pedestal.This hot-electron generation occurs through two main pathways:(i)stimulated backscattering of the incoming laser light,triggering stochastic electron heating in the resulting counterpropagating laser beams;(ii)laser filamentation,leading to local intensifications of the laser field and plasma channeling,both of which tend to boost the electron acceleration.Moreover,owing to the large(∼100μm)waist and picosecond duration of the PETAl beam,the hot electrons can sustain a high electrostatic field at the target rear side for an extended period,thus enabling efficient target normal sheath acceleration of the rear-side protons.The particle distributions predicted by our numerical simulations are consistent with the measurements.

关键词： acceleration high energy

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Use of donepezil for neurocognitive recovery after brain injury in adult and pediatric populations:a scoping review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1686-1695页

作者： Avery l.Miller Nathan K.Evanson j.Michael Taylor University of Cincinnati College of Medicine CincinnatiOHUSA Department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA

There are few pharmacologic options for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients.Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil have been evaluated in adult patients after traumatic brain injury,but relatively less is known about the effect in pediatric populations.The goal of this review is to identify knowledge gaps in the efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibito rs as a potential a djuvant treatment fo r neurocognitive decline in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury.Investigators queried PubMed to identify literature published from database inception thro ugh june 2023 desc ribing the use of donepezil in young adult traumatic brain injury and pediatric patients with predefined conditions.Based on preselected search criteria,340 unique papers we re selected for title and abstra ct screening.Thirty-two reco rds were reviewed in full after eliminating preclinical studies and pape rs outside the scope of the project.In adult traumatic brain injury,we review results from 14 papers detailing 227 subjects where evidence suggests donepezil is well tole rated and shows both objective and patient-reported efficacy for reducing cognitive impairment.In children,3 pape rs report on 5 children recovering from traumatic brain injury,showing limited efficacy.An additional 15 pediatric studies conducted in populations at risk for cognitive dysfunction provide a broader look at safety and efficacy in 210 patients in the pediatric age group.Given its promise for efficacy in adults with traumatic brain injury and tole rability in pediatric patients,we believe further study of donepezil for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury is warranted.

关键词： acetylcholinesterase inhibitor adult cognition donepezil pediatrics traumatic brain injury

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Reply to the note by li Piani et al.

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 603-606页

作者： T.li Piani j.Weerheijm l.j.Sluys TU Delft Stevinweg 12628 CNDelftthe Netherlands TNO PO Box 452280 AARijswijkthe Netherlands NlDA Faculty of Military Sciences1781 CADen Helderthe Netherlands

In 2017,a ballistic phenomenological model was proposed by the authors of Ref.[1] to numerically simulate the experimental depths of small caliber projectiles impacting walls made of adobe.The opportunity for a new model in the field revealed from the observation that two older models recently used by the authors of Ref.[2] shared a linear relationship between the penetration depth P and the impacting velocity v_(O).

关键词： Penetration Adobe Modeling

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Biomaterials and emerging technologies for tissue engineering and in vitro models

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 237-239页

作者： j.Miguel Oliveira Rui l.Reis 3B’s Research Group I3Bs-Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate laboratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal

The latest advances in the field of biomaterials have opened new avenues for scientific breakthroughs in tissue engineer-ing which greatly contributed for the successful translation of tissue engineering products into the market/clinics.Bio-materials are easily processed to become similar to natural extracellular matrix,making them ideal temporary supports for mimicking the three-dimensional(3D)microenvironment required for maintaining the adequate cell/tissue functions both in vitro and in vivo^([1]).

关键词： breakthrough biomaterials engineer

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Translating Pathological Brain Activity Primers in Parkinson’s Disease Research

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 735-752页

作者： Daniela Mirzac Svenja l.Kreis Heiko j.luhmann Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla Sergiu Groppa Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation Department of NeurologyFocus Program Translational NeuroscienceRhine Main Neuroscience NetworkUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55131 MainzGermany Institute of Physiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55131 MainzGermany

Translational experimental approaches that help us better trace Parkinson’s disease(PD)pathophysiological mechanisms leading to new therapeutic targets are urgently needed.In this article,we review recent experimental and clinical studies addressing abnormal neuronal activity and pathological network oscillations,as well as their underlying mechanisms and modulation.Our aim is to enhance our knowledge about the progression of Parkinson's disease pathology and the timing of its symptom’s manifestation.Here,we present mechanistic insights relevant for the generation of aberrant oscillatory activity within the cortico-basal ganglia circuits.We summarize recent achievements extrapolated from available PD animal models,discuss their advantages and limitations,debate on their differential applicability,and suggest approaches for transferring knowledge on disease pathology into future research and clinical applications.

关键词： clinical knowledge insight

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Semi-analytical investigation of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative moving longitudinal fin exposed to magnetic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihybrid nanofluid

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： C.G.PAVITHRA B.j.GIREESHA M.l.KEERTHI Department of PG Studies and Research in Mathematics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Department of Mathematics and Statistics M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The thermal examination of a non-integer-ordered mobile fin with a magnetism in the presence of a trihybrid nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-blood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) configurations. The combination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids, excluding the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. These two properties are inferred by means of the interpolation method based on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) is adopted to solve the conundrum of a moving fin immersed in a trihybrid nanofluid. The obtained results agree well with those numerical simulation results, indicating that this research is reliable. The influence of diverse factors on the thermal overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the combination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the combination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The temperature at the fin tip increases by 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet number increases by 400%, while decreases by 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman number increases by 400%.

关键词： convection radiation moving longitudinal fin Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) trihybrid nanofluid magnetic field

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Four late-type Galaxies with Double Radio lobes and Properties of Such Galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第4期24卷 84-90页

作者： Z.S.Yuan X.Y.Gao Z.l.Wen j.l.Han National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Key laboratory of FAST National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The triggering mechanism for radio lobes from late-type galaxies is not fully understood.More samples are desired for a thorough investigation and statistics.By utilizing the optical data from the newly released Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument imaging surveys and the radio sources from the NRAO VlA Sky Survey and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeter,we identify four late-type Galaxies with double Radio lobes(la GRls):j0217-3645,j0947+6220,j1412+3723 and j1736+5108.Including previously known la GRls,we confirm the correlation between radio power P_(1.4GHz)and stellar mass M_(*)of host galaxies.Most(25/35)la GRls belong to the blue cloud galaxies,while the newly identified cases in this work are located within the region of the red sequence.We find a clear correlation between the differential radio power,i.e.,the offset from the P_(1.4GHz)-M_(*)relation,and the galaxy color,indicating that bluer galaxies at a fixed M_(*)tend to host more powerful radio lobes.Furthermore,the majority(31/36)of la GRls are either located in a galaxy group or displaying a disturbed morphology.We suggest that all of the galaxy mass,color and surrounding environment could play important roles in triggering radio lobes in late-type galaxies.

关键词： galaxies:active galaxies:jets galaxies:spiral radio continuum:galaxies

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A facile strategy for tuning the density of surface-grafted biomolecules for melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing applications

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 277-291页

作者： I.A.O.Beeren G.Dos Santos P.j.Dijkstra C.Mota j.Bauer H.Ferreira Rui l.Reis N.Neves S.Camarero-Espinosa M.B.Baker l.Moroni Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ER MaastrichtThe Netherlands 3B’s Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate laboratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal POlYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU20018 Donostia/San SebastiánSpain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science48009 BilbaoSpain

Melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing(ME-AM)is a promising technique to fabricate porous scaffolds for tissue engi-neering applications.However,most synthetic semicrystalline polymers do not possess the intrinsic biological activity required to control cell fate.Grafting of biomolecules on polymeric surfaces of AM scaffolds enhances the bioactivity of a construct;however,there are limited strategies available to control the surface density.Here,we report a strategy to tune the surface density of bioactive groups by blending a low molecular weight poly(ε-caprolactone)5k(PCl5k)containing orthogonally reactive azide groups with an unfunctionalized high molecular weight PCl75k at different ratios.Stable porous three-dimensional(3D)scaf-folds were then fabricated using a high weight percentage(75 wt.%)of the low molecular weight PCl 5k.As a proof-of-concept test,we prepared films of three different mass ratios of low and high molecular weight polymers with a thermopress and reacted with an alkynated fluorescent model compound on the surface,yielding a density of 201-561 pmol/cm^(2).Subsequently,a bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2)-derived peptide was grafted onto the films comprising different blend compositions,and the effect of peptide surface density on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells(hMSCs)was assessed.After two weeks of culturing in a basic medium,cells expressed higher levels of BMP receptor II(BMPRII)on films with the conjugated peptide.In addition,we found that alkaline phosphatase activity was only significantly enhanced on films contain-ing the highest peptide density(i.e.,561 pmol/cm^(2)),indicating the importance of the surface density.Taken together,these results emphasize that the density of surface peptides on cell differentiation must be considered at the cell-material interface.Moreover,we have presented a viable strategy for ME-AM community that desires to tune the bulk and surface functionality via blending of(modified)polymers.Furthermore,the use of alkyne-a

关键词： Additive manufacturing Blending Surface functionalization Surface density Click chemistry Human

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Adeno-associated virus as a delivery vector for gene therapy of human diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1808-1840页

作者： jiang-Hui Wang Dominic j.Gessler Wei Zhan Thomas l.Gallagher Guangping Gao Horae Gene Therapy Center University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia Ophthalmology Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia Department of Neurological Surgery University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Department of Neurosurgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA

Adeno-associated virus(AAV)has emerged as a pivotal delivery tool in clinical gene therapy owing to its minimal pathogenicity and ability to establish long-term gene expression in different tissues.Recombinant AAV(rAAV)has been engineered for enhanced specificity and developed as a tool for treating various diseases.However,as rAAV is being more widely used as a therapy,the increased demand has created challenges for the existing manufacturing methods.Seven rAAV-based gene therapy products have received regulatory approval,but there continue to be concerns about safely using high-dose viral therapies in humans,including immune responses and adverse effects such as genotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,thrombotic microangiopathy,and neurotoxicity.In this review,we explore AAV biology with an emphasis on current vector engineering strategies and manufacturing technologies.We discuss how rAAVs are being employed in ongoing clinical trials for ocular,neurological,metabolic,hematological,neuromuscular,and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancers.We outline immune responses triggered by rAAV,address associated side effects,and discuss strategies to mitigate these reactions.We hope that discussing recent advancements and current challenges in the field will be a helpful guide for researchers and clinicians navigating the ever-evolving landscape of rAAV-based gene therapy.

关键词： diseases specificity approval

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Utilization of RNA sequencing to investigate olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps:A pilot study

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： jorge A.Gutierrez III jeremy l.Barth Rodney j.Schlosser Thomas S.Edwards Timothy l.Smith Zachary M.Soler Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Regenerative Medicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucosa plays a contributory role.The purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate mucosal specimens,comparing normosmic and dysosmic CRS patients without polyps(CRSsNP).Methods:Tissue samples were obtained from the superior turbinates of patients with CRSsNP at the time of endoscopic sinus surgery.Samples subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosmic(n=7)and normosmic(n=4)patients.Results:Differential gene expression analysis comparing dysosmic and normosmic CRSsNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 genes.Using stringent criteria for multiple comparisons,one upregulated gene(Immediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(Pld change 2.69).Reactome functional analysis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosmic and normosmic patients(Pluding Il-4 and Il-13 signaling,Il-10 signaling,and rhodopsin-like receptors.Conclusions:RNA sequencing of the superior turbinates in patients with CRSsNP can provide valuable information regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory dysfunction.This study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflammation may play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least some patients with CRSsNP.This study also prompts questions regarding the role of Il-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps olfactory dysfunction RNA sequencing

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