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Inter-signal interaction and uncertain information in anuran multimodal signals

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 153-161页

作者： Ryan C. TAYLOR Barrett A. klein Michael j. RYAN Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD 21801 USA Section of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P.O. Box 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama

Disentangling the influence of multiple signal components on receivers and elucidating general processes influencing complex signal evolution are difficult tasks. In this study we test mate preferences of female squirrel treefrogs Hyla squirella and female tungara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus for similar combinations of acoustic and visual components of their multimodal courtship signals. In a two-choice playback experiment with squirrel treefrogs, the visual stimulus of a male model significantly increased the attractivness of a relatively unattractive slow call rate. A previous study demonstrated that faster call rates are more attractive to female squirrel treefrogs, and all else being equal, models of male frogs with large body stripes are more attractive. In a similar experiment with female tungara frogs, the visual stimulus of a robotic frog failed to increase the attractiveness of a relatively unattractive call. Females also showed no preference for the distinct stripe on the robot that males commonly bear on their throat. Thus, features of conspicuous signal components such as body stripes are not universally important and signal function is likely to differ even among species with similar ecologies and communication systems. Finally, we discuss the putative information content of anuran signals and suggest that the categorization of redundant versus multiple messages may not be sufficient as a general explanation for the evolution of multimodal signaling. Instead of relying on untested assumptions concerning the information content of signals, we discuss the value of initially collecting comparative empirical data sets related to receiver responses.

关键词： Inter-signal interaction Multimodal signaling Signal detection Signal weighting Squirrel treefrog Hyla squirella Tfingara frog Physalaemus pustulosus Vocal sac

Multiple forest structural elements are needed to promote beetle biomass, diversity and abundance

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第5期9卷 585-595页

作者： Nolan j.Rappa Michael Staab julian Frey Nathalie Winiger Alexandra-Maria klein Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology University of FreiburgTennenbacherstrasse 479106Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Ecological Networks Technical University DarmstadtSchnittspahnstrasse 364287DarmstadtGermany Forest Growth and Dendroecology University of FreiburgTennenbacherstrasse 479106Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Wildlife Ecology and Management University of FreiburgTennenbacherstrasse 479106Freiburg im BreisgauGermany

Background:Retention forestry is a management strategy aiming to mitigate biodiversity loss by retaining structural elements such as dead trees that would otherwise be *** we analyze the biomass,diversity and abundance among forest beetles collected using window traps on 1281-ha forest sites reflecting gradients in the amount of structural elements in southwestern ***:We found that beetle biomass increased with mean diameter at breast height(a measure of tree size),and decreased with stand structural *** of individual feeding guilds responded differently to forest structural elements,namely lying deadwood,understory complexity,tree basal area and stand structural *** family diversity increased with the effective number of layers,i.e.1-m forest strata occupied by vegetation assessed via terrestrial laser *** of feeding guilds responded to only elevation and share of deciduous *** composition in terms of biomass was structured by forest elements similar to biomass of individual feeding guilds,with the addition of lying *** differed from community composition in terms of abundance of feeding guilds,which was structured by primarily standing deadwood volume and share of deciduous ***:Our results show that biomass,diversity and abundance respond differently to forest structural *** suggests that the concurrent prioritization of multiple forest elements is needed to promote forest beetles,with more focus placed on the differing resource needs among feeding *** addition,retention strategies should also consider the varying responses of beetle biodiversity metrics when assessing the importance of forest structural elements.

关键词： Allometry Biodiversity Coleoptera Forest management Terrestrial laser scanning Window trap

Lu–Hf constraints on pre-,syn,and post-collision associations of the Gurupi Belt,Brazil:Insights on the Rhyacian crustal evolution

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第5期13卷 336-349页

作者： Evandro L.klein joseneusa B.Rodrigues Geological Survey of Brazil SBNQuadra 02Bloco HEd.Central Brasília1andarAsa NorteBrasília-DF CEP:70040-904Brazil GPGE–Grupo de Pesquisa em Geologia Econômica(Economic Geology Research Group) PPGG–Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e GeoquímicaUniversidade Federal do ParáBelém-PABrazil

The Gurupi Belt(together with the São Luís cratonic fragment),in north-northeastern Brazil,has been described in previous studies that used extensive field geology,structural analysis,airborne geophysics,zircon U–Pb dating,and whole-rock Sm–Nd isotope and geochemical data as a polyphase orogenic belt,with the Rhyacian being the main period of crust *** was related to a 2240 Ma to 2140 Ma accretionary processes that produced juvenile crust,which has subsequently been reworked during a collisional event at 2100±20 Ma,with little evidence of Archean *** this study,we use Lu–Hf isotopic data in zircon from granitoids(including gneiss)of variable magmatic series,and amphibolite to improve the knowledge of this scenario,and investigate additional evidence of recycling of Archean ***-collisional high Ba-Sr and ferroan granitoids and amphibolite formed in island arc(2180–2145 Ma),show only zircons with suprachondriticεHf values(ca.+1 to+8)indicating the large predominance of juvenile *** 10%of the data show slightly negativeεHf values(0 to-4),which have been observed in granodiorite-gneiss formed in continental arc(2170–2140 Ma),and in strongly peraluminous collisional granites(2125–2070 Ma),indicating the rework of older Paleoproterozoic to Archean components(Hf_(TDM)=2.11–3.69 Ga).A two-component mixing model using both Hf and published Nd isotope data are in line with this interpretation and indicate more than 90%of juvenile material,and less influence of Archean *** with other Rhyacian terranes that are interpreted to have been close to Gurupi in a pre-Columbia configuration(ca.2.0 Ga),our results differ from those of SEGuiana Shield,which show strong influence of Archean protoliths,and are very similar to those of the central-eastern portion of the Baoulé-Mossi Domain of the West African Craton,which has also been formed largely by juvenile magmas in an accretionary-collisional orogen.

关键词： Paleoproterozoic Accretion Collision Isotope geology Lu–Hf isotopes Rhyacian

Introduction of two novel devices for investigating the influence of non-mechanical components such as therapeutic qi in acupuncture

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journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第3期11卷 168-174页

作者： Raphael j.Hochstrasser P.Christian Endler Sabine D.klein Interuniversity College for Health and Development Graz Castle of Seggau8042 GrazAustria TCM Practice Aarau Ochsengssli 75000 AarauSwitzerland Institute of Complementary Medicine KIKOM University of Bern3010 BernSwitzerland Research Working Group Swiss Professional Organization for Traditional Chinese Medicine SBO-TCM9113 DegersheimSwitzerland

OBjECTIVE： Acupuncture is a complex intervention consisting of specific and non-specific components. Acupuncture studies more frequently focus on collecting data from the patients＇ perspective and response, but the acupuncturist＇s role remains relatively unclear. In order to investigate potential non-mechanical active factors originating from the acupuncturist and transmitted to the patient during treatment, two novel devices for basic research in acupuncture were designed. The Acuplicator allows the researcher to insert needles without touching the needles themselves, while the Veliusator locks the needle in its place so that no mechanical movement can be transferred. METHODS： The Acuplicator was used to insert needles at Neiguan （PC6） on the right forearm of 23 volunteers. The insertion depth was measured using a depth gauge. The transfer of mechanical movements from the handle to the tip was detected with a precision length gauge with a motoric-tactile sensor. RESULTS： The mean insertion depth was （12.3 ± 1.5） mm （range 9.5 to 15.0 mm）. Even with intense manipulation of the needle handle, no movements within ± 1 μm could be detected at the tip when the needle was locked. CONCLUSION： With these two devices it will be possible to investigate the influence of non- mechanical components such as therapeutic qi in acupuncture.

关键词： acupuncture needling sensation response acupuncture sensation

Mechanisms of electrochemical magnesium(de)alloying of Mg-Sn and Mg-Pb polymorphs

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第6期10卷 1609-1616页

作者： Clément Pechberty Antoine klein Bernard Fraisse Lorenzo Stievano Romain Berthelot ICGM CNRSUniv.MontpellierENSCMMontpellierFrance RS2E CNRSHub de l’EnergieAmiensFrance

Different polymorphs of Mg-Sn and Mg-Pb intermetallic compounds were prepared by high-energy mechanical alloying and then investigated as active material in magnesium batteries. Beside thermodynamically stable Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb crystallizing in the anti-fluorite structure, other polymorphs Mg_(~2)Sn and Mg_(~2)Pb were prepared by increasing the ball-milling time. The first dealloying process is almost complete only for the cubic polymorphs, then similar capacities are observed during the subsequent alloying and dealloying *** to operando X-ray diffraction, the electrochemical mechanism is revealed and shows that the cubic polymorphs Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb tend to preferentially form during the alloying whatever the pristine intermetallic. Weak traces of Mg_(~2)Sn and Mg_(~2)Pb are observed during the alloying, suggesting that these polymorphs act as a by-product and/or an intermediate phases of the electrochemical process. Finally, the compatibility of cubic Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb with Mg(TFSI)_(2)-based electrolyte is confirmed in full cell vs. a positive electrode based on the Chevrel phase Mo6S8, although limited performance is achieved. This fundamental work provides new insights in the behavior of alloy-type negative electrodes for magnesium-ion batteries.

关键词： Magnesium batteries Alloy electrode Mechanochemistry Operando X-ray diffraction

Preoperative imaging in staghorn calculi, planning and decision making in management of staghorn calculi

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Asian journal of Urology 2020年第2期7卷 87-93页

作者： Ilan klein jorge Gutierrez-Aceves Department of Urology Wake Forest University Baptist Medical CenterWinston-SalemNCUSA

Objective:Staghorn calculi present a particular and challenging entity of stone *** is associated with lower stone-free rates and higher complication rates compared to non-staghorn *** this review we looked for the most relevant data on preoperative imaging and access planning to help decision making for percutaneous surgery with this complex ***:We conducted a PubMed search of publications in the past 2 decades that include relevant information on the planning for management of staghorn ***-contrast computerized tomography(NCCT)is indeed the standard imaging tool for percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL);additional tools such as three-dimensional computed tomography(CT)reconstruction of the staghorn calculus may help plan access in complex *** guided percutaneous access may be considered for staghorn stones when planning upper pole access in kidney malposition or complex intrarenal anatomy or with complex body *** doppler ultrasound and real-time virtual sonography can *** technologies to improve kidney access such as Uro Dyna-CT or electromagnetic sensor have been reported,but have not shown utilization in staghorn *** morphometry-based prediction algorithms may predict the number of tract(s)and stage(s)for PCNL *** pole access can be equally effective as upper pole when planning for staghorn and complex stones,with significantly less complications rate;Stone-Tract length-Obstruction-Number of involved calyces-Essence of stone density(STONE)nephrolithometry seems to be the best system to predict outcomes of PCNL in staghorn *** is a growing trend of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery(ECIRS)in concordance with PCNL to treat larger *** management of staghorn calculi is an undesired option,but can be an alternative for a carefully selected group of high-risk ***:Staghorn stones may lead to deterioration of renal function and l

关键词： Staghorn stone Preoperative planning Imaging Kidney access

Differentiation and dynamism within the IT development program

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journal of Management Science and Engineering 2020年第3期5卷 150-161页

作者： Xiaosong jason Wu Wei Wayne Huang jacob Chia-An Tsai Gary klein james j.jiang College of Management Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China College of Management Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyDouliou64002YunlinTaiwan College of Business and Administration University of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCO80918USA College of Management Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan

Information technology(IT)developments of large magnitude organize as collections of multiple projects into a single program,especially under dynamic conditions of market uncertainty that frequently change requirements or solutions *** completion of an IT development program requires that the multiple teams work effec-tively together as well as independently in response to changes by relying on the differ-entiation of talent and knowledge available to the program *** consider and empirically support a model derived from principles in the multi-team systems(MTS)literature to determine the influence of differentiation among the IT program in the sharing of knowledge and *** relationship from differentiation to program success is mediated by knowledge and information sharing,showing how to manage change through the dissemination of information and *** of the market positively moderates the relation from differentiation among projects to infor-mation *** findings contribute to the literature by empirically validating that MTS frameworks are exceptionally well suited for dealing with complex environments in the context of IT development.

关键词： Program management Multi-team systems Information technology systems Systems development Boundary spanning

Complete Measurement of Kaon Photoproduction （part of the frozen-spin target program at CLAS）

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Complete Measurement of Kaon Photoproduction （part of the f...

ezQTL:A Web Platform for Interactive Visualization and Colocalization of QTLs and GWAS Loci

CHINA-US Symposium on Medium Energy Physics

作者： F.j.klein CUA

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第3期20卷 541-548页

作者： Tongwu Zhang Alyssa klein jian Sang jiyeon Choi Kevin M.Brown Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD 20892USA

Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have identified thousands of genomic loci associated with complex diseases and traits,including *** vast majority of common traitassociated variants identified via GWAS fall in non-coding regions of the genome,posing a challenge in elucidating the causal variants,genes,and mechanisms *** quantitative trait locus(eQTL)and other molecular QTL studies have been valuable resources in identifying candidate causal genes from GWAS loci through statistical colocalization *** QTL colocalization is becoming a standard analysis in post-GWAS investigation,an easy web tool for users to perform formal colocalization analyses with either user-provided or public GWAS and eQTL datasets has been ***,we present ezQTL,a web-based bioinformatic application to interactively visualize and analyze genetic association data such as GWAS loci and molecular QTLs under different linkage disequilibrium(LD)patterns(1000 Genomes Project,UK Biobank,or user-provided data).This application allows users to perform data quality control for variants matched between different datasets,LD visualization,and two-trait colocalization analyses using two state-of-the-art methodologies(eCAVIAR and HyPrColoc),including batch *** is a free and publicly available cross-platform web tool,which can be accessed online at https://***/ezqtl.

关键词： Genome-wide association study Expression quantitative trait locus Colocalization Linkage disequilibrium Visualization