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Recovery of spermatogenesis following testosterone replacement therapy or anabolic-androgenic steroid use

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Asian journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 373-380,I0007页

作者： j Abram mcbride Robert M Coward Department of Urology University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC 27599-7235 USA.

The use of testosterone replacement therapy （TRT） for hypogonadism continues to rise, particularly in younger men who may wish to remain fertile. Concurrently, awareness of a more pervasive use of anabolic-androgenic steroids （AAS） within the general population has been appreciated. Both TRT and AAS can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal （HPG） axis resulting in diminution of spermatogenesis. Therefore, it is important that clinicians recognize previous TRT or AAS use in patients presenting for infertility treatment. Cessation of TRT or AAS use may result in spontaneous recovery of normal spermatogenesis in a reasonable number of patients if allowed sufficient time for recovery. However, some patients may not recover normal spermatogenesis or tolerate waiting for spontaneous recovery. In such cases, clinicians must be aware of the pathophysiologic derangements of the HPG axis related to TRT or AAS use and the pharmacologic agents available to reverse them. The available agents include injectable gonadotropins, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and aromatase inhibitors, but their off-label use is poorly described in the literature, potentially creating a knowledge gap for the clinician. Reviewing their use clinically for the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and other HPG axis abnormalities can familiarize the clinician with the manner in which they can be used to recover spermatogenesis after TRT or AAS use.

关键词： anabolic steroids hypogonadism infertility spermatogenesis testosterone testosterone replacement therapy vasectomy reversal

A note on quantum odometers

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Science China Mathematics 2023年第7期66卷 1555-1568页

作者： Slawomir klimek Matt mcbride j.Wilson Peoples Department of Mathematical Sciences Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN46202USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA Department of Mathematics The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

We discuss various aspects of noncommutative geometry of smooth subalgebras of Bunce-Deddens-Toeplitz algebras.

关键词： noncommutative geometry derivation smooth subalgebra k-theory

Sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in men with cystic fibrosis disease versus congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens

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Asian journal of Andrology 2021年第2期23卷 140-145页

作者： j Abram mcbride Taylor P kohn Daniel j Mazur Larry I Lipshultz R Matthew Coward Scott Department of Urology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Urology UNC School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599USA UNC Fertility RaleighNC 27617USA

Recent data suggest that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)gene alterations negatively impact male fertility beyond *** sought to compare gene alterations,sperm retrieval rates,and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)outcomes among men with cystic fibrosis(CF)disease and congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens(CBAVD)*** retrospectively evaluated all men who underwent surgical sperm retrieval at two academic,high-volume andrology centers from 2010 to *** men with documented CFTR alterations and obstructive azoospermia from either CBAVD or CF were *** between groups for CFTR abnormality,sperm retrieval,and ICSI outcomes were statistically ***,39 patients were included with 10 in the CF and 29 in the CBAVD *** sperm retrieval rates were significantly lower in the CF group for sperm concentration(14.8×10^(6)ml^(-1)vs 61.4×10^(6)ml^(−1),P=0.02)and total motile sperm count(2.9 million vs 11.4 million,P=0.01).This difference was only predicted by homozygous delta F508 CFTR mutations(P<0.05).The CF group also demonstrated a significantly higher rate of rescue testicular sperm extraction(70.0%vs 27.6%,P<0.03)and lower fertilization rate with ICSI(32.5%vs 68.9%,P<0.01).In conclusion,those with CF demonstrated lower sperm quality,greater difficulty with sperm retrieval,and worse ICSI outcomes compared with CBAVD-only *** delta F508 CFTR mutations appear to significantly impair spermatogenesis and sperm function.

关键词： congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens cystic fibrosis intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes male infertility obstructive azoospermia

Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants and low molecular weight heparin in gastrointestinal cancer-associated venous thromboembolism

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第10期11卷 866-876页

作者： Alejandro Recio-Boiles Sumana Veeravelli jessica Vondrak Hani M Babiker Aaron j Scott Rachna T Shroff Hitendra Patel Emad Elquza Ali mcbride Department of Medicine Hematology and Medical OncologyUniversity of Arizona Cancer CenterTucsonAZ 85724United States Department of Medicine Internal Medicine Residency ProgramUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85725United States UC San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093United States University of Arizona College of Pharmacy TucsonAZ 85725United States

BACkGROUND Gastrointestinal cancer(GICA)is associated with a higher incidence of venous thromboembolism(VTE)compared to other solid tumors,moreover,recurrent VTE and major bleeding(MB)complications during anticoagulation treatment have an associated increase ***-VTE remains a challenging clinical scenario with MB concerns for utilization of direct oral anticoagulants(DOAC),especially with active cancer *** To evaluate patient risk factors,effectiveness(VTE)and safety(MB)of DOACs and low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)in patients with active *** A retrospective chart review of patients receiving DOACs and LMWH with GICA and symptomatic or incidental VTE treated at comprehensive cancer center from November 2013 to February 2017 was *** criteria included active GI cancer diagnosed at any stage or treatment+/-6 mo of VTE diagnosis,whom were prescribed 6 mo or more of DOACs or *** Chi-squared test was used for overall and the Fisher exact test for pairwise comparisons of the proportions of patients experiencing recurrent VTE and MB *** ratios were used to compare the relative odds of the occurrence of the outcome given exposure to the risk *** A total of 144 patients were prescribed anticoagulation,in which 106 fulfilled inclusion criteria apixaban(27.3%),rivaroxaban(34.9%)and enoxaparin(37.7%),and 38 were *** median age was 66.5 years at GICA diagnosis and 67 years at CAVTE event,with 62%males,80%Caucasian,70%stage IV,pancreatic cancer(40.5%),30%khorana Score(≥3 points),and 43.5%on active ***-four percent of patients completed anticoagulation therapy(range 1 to 43 mo).Recurrent VTE at 6 mo was noted in 7.5%(n=3),6.8%(n=2)and 2.7%(n=1)of patients on enoxaparin,apixaban and rivaroxaban,respectively(all P=NS).MB at 6 mo were 5%(n=2)for enoxaparin,6.8%(n=2)for apixaban and 21.6%(n=8)for rivaroxaban(overall P=0.048;vs LMWH P=0.0423;all other P=NS).Significant predictors of a prim

关键词： Direct oral anticoagulants Low molecular weight heparin Gastrointestinal cancer Venous thromboembolism Cancer associated thrombosis Clinical risk

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限流式断路器的优化设计

低压电器 1997年第6期 10-15页

作者：淡淑恒 j.W.mcbride P.A.jeffery 西安交通大学 DepartmentofmechanicalandElectrcalEngineeringofUniversityofSouthampton U.K. DepartmentofmechanicalandElectrcalEngineeringofUniversityofSouthampton U.K

本文对一种工作于交流240V电路中的微型限流式断路器进行了优化设计。应用光纤成像系统来研究短路电流达6kA时弧根的运动情况,使用计算机软件来处理光纤阵列的图像以便确认灭弧室中弧根的准确位置,由弧根位置来研究电弧的不运动性,最后... 详细信息

本文对一种工作于交流240V电路中的微型限流式断路器进行了优化设计。应用光纤成像系统来研究短路电流达6kA时弧根的运动情况,使用计算机软件来处理光纤阵列的图像以便确认灭弧室中弧根的准确位置,由弧根位置来研究电弧的不运动性,最后研究了多种动触头材料及引弧角材料对弧根运动的影响。

关键词：电弧成像限流式弧根运动断路器优化设计

Methane Emissions from Grazing Holstein-Friesian Heifers at Different Ages Estimated Using the Sulfur Hexafluoride Tracer Technique

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Engineering 2017年第5期3卷 753-759页

作者： Steven j. Morrisonn judith mcbride Alan W. Gordon Alastair R. G. Wylie Tianhai Yan Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Hillsborough County Down BT26 6DR UK Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT9 5PX UK

Although the effect of animal and diet factors on enteric methane （CH4） emissions from confined cattle has been extensively examined, less data is available regarding CH4 emissions from grazing young cattle. A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the physiological state of Holstein-Friesian heifers on their enteric CH4 emissions while grazing a perennial ryegrass sward. Two experiments were conducted： Experiment 1 ran from May 2011 for 11 weeks and Experiment 2 ran from August 2011 for 10 weeks. In each experiment, Holstein-Friesian heifers were divided into three treatment groups （12 animals/group） consisting of calves, yearling heifers, and in-calf heifers （average ages： 8.5, 14.5, and 20.5 months, respectively）. Methane emissions were estimated for each animal in the final week of each experiment using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. Dry matter （DM） intake was estimated using the calculated metabolizable energy （ME） requirement divided by the ME concentration in the grazed grass. As expected, live weight increased with increasing animal age （P 〈 0.001）; however, there was no difference in live weight gain among the three groups in Experiment 1, although in Experiment 2, this variable decreased with increasing animal age （P 〈 0.001 ）. In Experiment 1, yearling heifers had the highest CH4 emissions （g·d^-1） and in-calf heifers produced more than calves （P 〈 0.001 ）. When expressed as CH4 emissions per unit of live weight, DM intake, and gross energy （GE） intake, yearling heifers had higher emission rates than calves and in-calf heifers （P 〈 0.001）. However, the effects on CH4 emissions were different in Experiment 2, in which CH, emissions （g·d^-1） increased linearly with increasing animal age （P 〈 0.001）, although the difference between yearling and in-calf heifers was not significant. The CH4/live weight ratio was lower in in-calf heifers than in the other two groups （P 〈 0.001 ）, while CH4 energy output as a proportion of GE intake was lower

关键词： Methane emission Grazing dairy heifer Prediction Sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique

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国家紧缩时期的侵权法和刑法

商 2015年第3期 226-229页

作者：韩冰 NICHOLAS j mcbride 四川大学法学院剑桥大学彭布罗克学院

"我们认识到国家已经破产了。"——最高法院首席法官1关于国家衰退的讨论尚未波及和困扰法学界。但新闻工作者2和经济学家3早已开始研究,特别是从2008年经济危机初现端倪时起。相比过去,英国未来将很有可能全面衰退。但时至今日,法学界... 详细信息

"我们认识到国家已经破产了。"——最高法院首席法官1关于国家衰退的讨论尚未波及和困扰法学界。但新闻工作者2和经济学家3早已开始研究,特别是从2008年经济危机初现端倪时起。相比过去,英国未来将很有可能全面衰退。但时至今日,法学界尚未思考国家前景,也没有考虑未来国情对法学研究的影响,更没有对法律体系的架构和作用做理论设想。4如果这种情况没有改观,那么法学界在基础问题上的沉默将会成为一个悲剧。我们须要用知识和经验形成有效的解

关键词：侵权法代理 NLC 原告赔偿侵权行为法故意侵权行为过失侵权被侵权人刑事被告人请求权人法庭审判庭侵权之诉权利主张诉讼费用司法体系

热带气旋形成的观测分析——(二) 不发展系统与发展系统的比较

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气象科技 1983年第1期 32-44页

作者： j.L.mcbride R.Zehr 陈瑞闪

一、引言这是一组研究热带气旋发展论文的第二篇,在第一部分(mcbride 1981)构成的12组合成资料,反映西北太平洋和西北大西洋平均热带海洋天气系统,合成资料包括台风前期,飓风前期和不发展的云团,也包括热带气旋各个加强阶段。第一部分中... 详细信息

一、引言这是一组研究热带气旋发展论文的第二篇,在第一部分(mcbride 1981)构成的12组合成资料,反映西北太平洋和西北大西洋平均热带海洋天气系统,合成资料包括台风前期,飓风前期和不发展的云团,也包括热带气旋各个加强阶段。第一部分中,描述合成资料基本的热力学和动力学结构,在这个

关键词：垂直切变大西洋太平洋纬向风大洋天气系统云团热带气旋观测分析

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