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Transcriptional changes in mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissue from Holstein cows in response to plane of dietary energy

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 233-247页

作者： S.j.Moisá P.ji j.k.drackley S.L.Rodriguez-Zas j.j.Loor Department of Animal Sciences Auburn University Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois

Background： Dairy cows can readily overconsume dietary energy during most of the prepartum period, often leading to higher prepartal concentrations of insulin and glucose and excessive body fat deposition. The end result of these physiologic changes is greater adipose tissue lipolysis post-partum coupled with excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and compromised health. Although transcriptional regulation of the adipose response to energy availability is well established in non-ruminants, such regulation in cow adipose tissue depots remains poorly ***： Effects of ad-libitum access to high [HIGH; 1.62 Mcal/kg of dry matter（DM）] or adequate（CON; 1.35 Mcal/kg of DM） dietary energy for 8 wk on mesenteric（MAT） and subcutaneous（SAT） adipose tissue transcript profiles were assessed in non-pregnant non-lactating Holstein dairy cows using a 13,000-sequence annotated bovine oligonucleotide microarray. Statistical analysis revealed 409 and 310 differentially expressed genes（DEG） due to tissue and diet. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using the Dynamic Impact Approach（DIA） with the kEGG pathway database. Compared with SAT, MAT had more active biological processes related to adipose tissue accumulation（adiponectin secretion） and signs of pro-inflammatory processes due to adipose tissue expansion and macrophage infiltration（generation of ceramides）. Feeding the HIGH diet led to changes in m RNA expression of genes associated with cell hypertrophy（regucalcin）, activation of adipogenesis（phospholipid phosphatase 1）,insulin signaling activation（neuraminidase 1） and angiogenesis（semaphorin 4 G, plexin B1）. Further, inflammation due to HIGH was underscored by m RNA expression changes associated with oxidative stress response（coenzyme Q3, methyltransferase）, ceramide synthesis（N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1）, and insulin signaling（interferon regulatory factor 1, phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1, retinoic acid receptor alpha）. Activation of ribos

关键词： Adipose tissue Dairy cow Dietary energy Transcriptome

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Effects of different planes of milk feeding and milk total solids concentration on growth,ruminal fermentation,health,and behavior of late weaned dairy calves during summer

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第4期12卷 1582-1597页

作者： R.Shiasi Sardoabi M.Alikhani F.Hashemzadeh M.khorvash M.Mirzaei j.k.drackley Department of Animal Science College of AgricultureIsfahan University of Technology84156-83111 IsfahanIran Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesArak University38156-88349 ArakIran Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA

Background:In recent years,there has been an increasing interest in using high quantities of milk or milk replacer(MR)in heat-stressed calves to alleviate the negative effects of high environmental temperatures on their ***,observations have indicated a decline in growth performance in the weaning and postweaning period,which might be optimized with increasing total solids(TS)in milk and weaning *** study aims to optimize the effects of higher quantities of milk on late weaned calves'performance by increasing TS concentration or delivery route in summer ***:Forty-eight newborn Holstein calves were used in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with the factors of preweaning total plane of milk(PM)intake(low ***)and milk TS content(12%vs.17%).The treatments were(1)low PM(LPM)intake with 12%TS(TS intake=45.9 kg),(2)LPM intake with 17%TS(TS intake=65.1 kg),(3)high PM(HPM)intake with 12%TS(TS intake=63.7 kg);and(4)HPM intake with 17%TS(TS intake=90.3 kg).Calves were weaned at d 83,and the study was terminated at d 103 of *** data(every 10 day),skeletal growth(d 80 and 100),ruminal fermentation parameters(d 48 and 91),and behavioral measurements(d 69,70,93 and 94)were analyzed as repeated measurements with PROC MIXED of SAS 9.4(SAS Institute Inc.,Cary,NC).Results:Calves receiving HPM consumed less PMR from d 44 to 83 of age,but they had higher ADG from d 24 to 53 of age compared to those fed LPM(PM×age,Pk with 17%TS had lower PMR intake from d 14 to 83 of age,but greater ADG from d 34 to 53 compared to those receiving milk with 12%TS(TS×age,Pkeletal growth parameters compared to LPMfed calves,with a similar effect evident for calves fed milk with 17%TS compared with those fed milk with 12%*** receiving milk with 17%TS had greater fecal scores and diarrhea occurrence than those fed milk with 12%TS in HPM,but not ***:Increasing PM

关键词： Dairy calf Milk feeding level Pre-weaning Total solids

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奶牛基础营养的主要进展

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中国畜牧兽医 2006年第9期33卷 I0027-I0027页

作者： j.k.drackley 蒋桂芳

基础营养学在描述包括各组织和器官对营养物质消化吸收在内的复杂的生化反应过程,并且定量描述该过程营养物质的运转情况(流量)。在最近25年内,对于奶牛代谢方面的研究已经有相当大的进展,包括整个动物体、器官、组织、细胞及分子的各... 详细信息

基础营养学在描述包括各组织和器官对营养物质消化吸收在内的复杂的生化反应过程,并且定量描述该过程营养物质的运转情况(流量)。在最近25年内,对于奶牛代谢方面的研究已经有相当大的进展,包括整个动物体、器官、组织、细胞及分子的各个水平均取得了重要突破。在整个动物体水平上,对于奶牛怀孕后期和泌乳过渡期营养代谢及青年牛生长发育过程中对能量底物和氨基酸的利用方面取得了一定的成果。运用瘘管技术的研究也取得了突破,对于营养物质在组织(消化道、胰腺和相关的脂肪组织)和肝脏中的消化利用有了更好的定量描述。分离组织的制备及研究提供了很多重要信息,包括肝脏、脂肪组织和乳腺组织中葡萄糖、脂肪酸和氨基酸代谢之间的相互关系及在不同生理状态下这些途径的调控方式。分子生物学的出现对于更好的解释基础营养问题所发挥的作用在最近这25年间已经得到充分的证实,用高丰度mRNA测定蛋白质的影响给代谢调控提供了全新视角,在未来的25年里随着这些新技术的不断应用,奶牛营养学的研究将取得更大的进展。“om ics”技术的完美结合(功能基因组,蛋白质组学与代谢物组学)以及用其它方法获得组织代谢的方法在以后将是研究的热点。其研究结果将对促进动物健康、提高产奶性能、建立更合理的预测营养需求和供给量的模型发挥重要作用。

关键词：代谢营养分子生物学内脏组织

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Level of dietary energy and 2,4-thiazolidinedione alter molecular and systemic biomarkers of inflammation and liver function in Holstein cows

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 145-155页

作者： Afshin Hosseini Mustafa Salman Zheng Zhou james k.drackley Erminio Trevisi juan j.Loor Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases University of Ondokuz May?s Istituto di Zootecnica Facoltàdi Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed AmbientaliUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore

Background： The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of overfeeding a moderate energy diet and a2,4-thiazolidinedione（TZD） injection on blood and hepatic tissue biomarkers of lipid metabolism, oxidative stress,and inflammation as it relates to insulin ***： Fourteen dry non-pregnant cows were fed a control（CON） diet to meet 100% of NRC requirements for3 wk, after which half of the cows were assigned to a moderate-energy diet（OVE） and half of the cows continued on CON for 6 wk. All cows received an intravenous injection of 4 mg TZD/kg of body weight（BW） daily from 2 wk after initiation of dietary treatments and for 2 additional week. Compared with CON cows and before TZD treatment, the OVE cows had lower concentration of total protein, urea and albumin over time. The concentration of cholesterol and tocopherol was greater after 2 wk of TZD regardless of diet. Before and after TZD, the OVE cows had greater concentrations of AST/GOT, while concentrations of paraoxonase, total protein, globulin, myeloperoxidase, and haptoglobin were lower compared with CON cows. Regardless of diet, TZD administration increased the concentration of ceruloplasmin, ROMt, cholesterol, tocopherol, total protein, globulin, myeloperoxidase and beta-carotene. In contrast,the concentration of haptoglobin decreased at the end of TZD injection regardless of diet. Prior to TZD injection, the mR NA expression of PC, ANGPTL4, FGF21, INSR, ACOX1, and PPARD in liver of OVE cows was lower compared with CON cows. In contrast, the expression of HMGCS2 was greater in OVE compared with CON cows. After 1 wk of TZD administration the expression of IRS1 decreased regardless of diet; whereas, expression of INSR increased after 2 wk of TZD injection. Cows fed OVE had lower overal expression of TNF, INSR, PC, ACOX1, FGF21, and PPARD but greater HMGCS2 expression. These differences were most evident before and after 1 wk of TZD injection, and by 2 wk of TZD differences in expression for

关键词： Inflammation Insulin sensitivity Nutrition PPAR

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Peripartal rumen-protected methionine supplementation to higher energy diets elicits positive effects on blood neutrophil gene networks, performance and liver lipid content in dairy cows

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 391-402页

作者： Cong Li Fernanda Batistel johan Samir Osorio james k.drackley Daniel Luchini juan j.Loor key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture National Engineering Laboratory of Animal BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Oregon State University Ruminant Technical Services ADISSEO NA

Background： Main objectives were to determine to what extent Smartamine M（SM） supplementation to a prepartal higher-energy diet could alter neutrophil（PMN） and liver tissue immunometabolic biomarkers, and whether those responses were comparable to those in cows fed a prepartal lower-energy diet（CON）.Results： Twenty-eight multiparous Holstein cows were fed CON（NEL= 1.24 Mcal/kg DM） during d-50 to d-22 relative to calving. From d-21 to calving, cows were randomly assigned to a higher-energy diet（OVE, n = 9; NEL= 1.54 Mcal/kg DM）, OVE plus SM（OVE ＋ SM, n = 10; SM = 0.07 % of DM） or remained on CON（n = 9）. Al cows received the same basal lactation diet（NEL= 1.75 Mcal/kg DM）. Supplementation of SM（OVE ＋ SM） continued until 30 d postpartum. Liver biopsies were harvested at d-10, 7, and 21 relative to parturition. Blood PMN isolated at-10, 3, and 21 d relative to calving was used to evaluate gene expression. As expected, OVE increased liver lipid content postpartum; however,cows fed OVE ＋ SM or CON had lower concentrations than OVE. Compared with OVE, cows in CON and OVE ＋ SM had greater DMI postpartum and milk production. Furthermore, cows fed OVE ＋ SM had the greatest milk protein and fat percentage and lowest milk SCC despite having intermediate PMN phagocytic capacity. Adaptations in PMN gene expression in OVE ＋ SM cows associated with the lower SCC were gradual increases from-10 to 21 d in genes that facilitate migration into inflammatory sites（SELL, ITGAM）, enzymes essential for reducing reactive oxygen metabolites（SOD1, SOD2）, and a transcription factor（s） required for controlling PMN development（RXRA）. The greater expression of TLR4 on d 3, key for activation of innate immunity due to inflammation, in OVE compared with CON cows suggests a more pronounced inflammatory state. Feeding OVE ＋ SM dampened the upregulation of TLR4, despite the fact that these cows had similar expression of the pro-inflammatory genes NFkB1 and TNF as OVE. Cows in CON had lower overall expr

关键词： Blood neutrophil Gene expression Methionine

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Prepartum dietary energy intake alters adipose tissue transcriptome profiles during the periparturient period in Holstein dairy cows

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 410-423页

作者： Andrea Minuti Massimo Bionaz Vincenzo Lopreiato Nicole A.janovick Sandra L.Rodriguez-Zas james k.drackley juan j.Loor Department of Animal Sciences Food and NutritionFaculty of AgricultureFood and Environmental ScienceUniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly Animal and Rangeland Sciences Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97330USA Department of Animal Sciences Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA

Background:The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of energy overfeeding during the dry period on adipose tissue transcriptome profiles during the periparturient period in dairy ***:Fourteen primiparous Holstein cows from a larger cohort receiving a higher-energy diet(1.62 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg of dry matter;15%crude protein)for ad libitum intake to supply 150%(OVR)or 100%(CTR)of energy requirements from dry off until parturition were *** calving,all cows received the same lactation *** adipose tissue(SAT)biopsies were collected at−14,1,and 14d fromparturition(d)and used for transcriptome profiling using a bovine oligonucleotide *** mining of differentially expressed genes(DEG)between treatments and due to sampling time was performed using the Dynamic Impact Approach(DIA)and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA).Results:There was a strong effect of over-feeding energy on DEG with 2434(False discovery rate-corrected Pkyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(kEGG)database that were highlighted by DIA analysis at−14 d in OVR *** included 9 associated with carbohydrate metabolism,with‘Pyruvate metabolism’,‘Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis’,and‘Pentose phosphate pathway’among the *** surprisingly,OVR led to marked activation of lipid metabolism(e.g.‘Fatty acid biosynthesis’and‘Glycerolipid metabolism’).Unexpected metabolic pathways that were activated at−14 d in OVR included several related to metabolism of amino acids(*** chain)and of cofactors and vitamins(thiamin).Among endocrine and immune system pathways,at−14 d OVR led to marked activation of‘PPAR signalling’and‘Antigen processing and presentation’.Among key pathways affected over time in OVR,a number were related to translation(*** signaling),endocrine/immune signaling(CXCR4 and IGF1),and lipid metabolism(oxidative

关键词： Periparturient cow Prepartum overfeeding Subcutaneous adipose tissue Transcriptome

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饲养过渡期奶牛的营养策略

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中国奶牛 2006年第7期 13-16页

作者：马建宁 james k.drackley 达农威生物工程发酵工程技术深圳有限公司深圳518038 美国伊利诺斯州大学动物科学系

奶牛产犊前后间隔的六周过渡期是一个非常关键的时段.此阶段不好的饲养管理会造成产奶量下降、繁殖效率的低下和增加代谢疾病等一系列问题,这不仅增加每千克牛奶的饲料成本而且也会降低牧场的整体营业收入.对于一个奶牛场而言,为了实现... 详细信息

奶牛产犊前后间隔的六周过渡期是一个非常关键的时段.此阶段不好的饲养管理会造成产奶量下降、繁殖效率的低下和增加代谢疾病等一系列问题,这不仅增加每千克牛奶的饲料成本而且也会降低牧场的整体营业收入.对于一个奶牛场而言,为了实现生产利润最大化就必须要求营养师、兽医师和牧场管理者达成共识,紧密配合共同来制定一个可行的饲养管理策略,以便帮助奶牛平稳地渡过产犊前后这个关键时期,以最大限度地发挥出奶牛的生产性能.

关键词：饲养管理营养策略奶牛场过渡生产性能利润最大化代谢疾病繁殖效率营业收入饲料成本

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过渡期奶牛的营养之谜

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中国乳业 2006年第8期 32-36页

作者： james k.drackley 马建宁美国伊利诺斯州大学动物科学系达农威生物发酵工程技术(深圳)有限公司广东深圳518038

奶牛在产犊前后间隔总共6周的过渡期非常关键,应该给予高度重视。过渡期间不良的饲养管理会引起牛奶产量下降、繁殖效率降低和代谢疾病的增加等一系列问题,从而降低牧场的整体营业收入。本文对奶牛过渡期间的代谢变化以及临产阶段的营... 详细信息

奶牛在产犊前后间隔总共6周的过渡期非常关键,应该给予高度重视。过渡期间不良的饲养管理会引起牛奶产量下降、繁殖效率降低和代谢疾病的增加等一系列问题,从而降低牧场的整体营业收入。本文对奶牛过渡期间的代谢变化以及临产阶段的营养管理和注意事项进行了阐述,并分析了为什么临产阶段日粮没有理论上设想的那么行之有效的原因。

关键词：奶牛过渡期代谢变化营养管理

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过渡期奶牛的营养之谜(下)

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乳业科学与技术 2006年第4期28卷 180-183页

作者： james k. drackley 马建宁王光文美国伊利诺斯州大学动物科学系达农威生物发酵工程技术(深圳)有限公司广东深圳518038 上海奶业行业协会

3 临产阶段营养管理的几个注意事项3.1 碳水化合物产犊前后日粮中结构性碳水化合物(纤维)与非结构性碳水化合物(谷物或浓缩的饲料副产品)之间的平衡是调节日粮能量浓度的主要方式,也是关系到母牛能否顺利过渡的最重要的日粮影响因素之一... 详细信息

3 临产阶段营养管理的几个注意事项3.1 碳水化合物产犊前后日粮中结构性碳水化合物(纤维)与非结构性碳水化合物(谷物或浓缩的饲料副产品)之间的平衡是调节日粮能量浓度的主要方式,也是关系到母牛能否顺利过渡的最重要的日粮影响因素之一.要在过渡期母牛日粮中达到这种平衡是件困难的事情.检测过渡期和新产牛日粮中的碳水化合物的比例应该是解决过渡期问题的着眼点.适当的饲料颗粒尺寸和足够的纤维含量是维持良好瘤胃功能、防止真胃移位和提高干物质采食量的基本需要.另外,如NDF含量过高会限制采食量.产犊前最后三周母牛对NDF的消耗量似乎不超过其体重的0.9%(未发表试验数据).足够的非纤维性碳水化合物(由谷物提供的糖和淀粉)能以丙酸的形式提供适当的能量来满足葡萄糖合成需要并帮助抑制酮体合成.

关键词：非结构性碳水化合物过渡奶牛日粮能量浓度干物质采食量营养纤维含量瘤胃功能颗粒尺寸真胃移位

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奶牛整个泌乳期脂肪和烟酸的添加效果

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江西饲料 2004年第5期 28-30页

作者：张树金 james k.drackley

泌乳第4周至25周,添加来自整粒大豆脂肪和液体动物脂肪可增加能量平衡和乳能量产量,增加泌乳中期至后期牛的体增重;尽管产奶量提高的机制不能确定,但给对照日粮或添加脂肪的日粮添加烟酸可提高奶牛的平均奶产量6.7%;烟酸不能预防由添加... 详细信息

泌乳第4周至25周,添加来自整粒大豆脂肪和液体动物脂肪可增加能量平衡和乳能量产量,增加泌乳中期至后期牛的体增重;尽管产奶量提高的机制不能确定,但给对照日粮或添加脂肪的日粮添加烟酸可提高奶牛的平均奶产量6.7%;烟酸不能预防由添加脂肪引起的乳蛋白含量下降,但烟酸可提高乳蛋白量。

关键词：奶牛添加效果泌乳期烟酸乳蛋白动物脂肪体增重体动对照后期

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