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Investigation of hCAR2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukocytes

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1567-1577页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby C.Krogstad Paiton O.McDonald Laxman Pokhrel Duy h.hua Evan C.Titgemeyer Barry j.Bradford Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology East LansingMI 48824USA Department of Chemistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Dairy cows experiencing ketosis after calving suffer greater disease incidence and are at greater risk of leaving the herd. In vitro administration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid(BhBA;the primary blood ketone) has inhibitory effects on the function of bovine leukocytes. BhBA is a ligand of hCAR2 and the activation of these receptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response which may be related with immunosuppression observed in transition dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to identify and test antagonists for hCAR2 in bovine immune cells cultured with *** We observed expression of hCAR2 at the protein level within lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. The proportion of cells expressing hCAR2 tended to be greater in mid-lactation compared to early lactation cows;the increase was a result of increased proportion of T and B cells expressing hCAR2. Stimulation of hCAR2 with niacin or BhBA promoted Ca^(2+) mobilization in neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells treated with BhBA had diminished intracellular Ca^(2+) responses when hCAR2 was knocked down by si RNA silencing, indicating Ca^(2+) mobilization was mediated by hCAR2 signaling. Two candidate antagonists for hCAR2, synthesized from niacin(NA-1 and NA-5), were tested;monocytes and neutrophils pre-treated with NA-1 and NA-5 had reduced Ca^(2+) mobilization after incubation with BhBA. Furthermore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented BhBA-associated reductions in cyclic *** We demonstrated that hCAR2 is present on bovine leukocytes and has greater expression later in lactation. We confirmed that BhBA and niacin derived hCAR2 antagonists alter bovine leukocyte activity. Our results demonstrate that both BhBA and niacin affect bovine leukocyte Ca^(2+) mobilization in a hCAR2-dependent manner.

关键词： Flow cytometry GPR109A hM74A Ketosis

Obstructive sleep apnea:Overlooked comorbidity in patients with diabetes

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World journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1448-1460页

作者： Eric D Tenda joshua henrina jin h Cha Muhammad R Triono Ersananda A Putri Dahliana j Aristy Dicky L Tahapary Division of Respirology and Critical Care Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia head of Research Group Artificial Intelligence and Digital health Indonesian Medical Education and Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine University of IndonesiaDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalDKI JakartaJakarta Pusat 10430Indonesia

In this review article,we explore the interplay between obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),highlighting a significant yet often overlooked *** delve into the pathophysiological links between OSA and diabetes,specifically how OSA exacerbates insulin resistance and disrupts glucose *** research examines the prevalence of OSA in diabetic patients and its role in worsening diabetes-related *** the importance of comprehensive management,including weight control and positive airway pressure therapy,the study advocates integrated approaches to improve outcomes for patients with T2DM and *** review underscores the necessity of recognizing and addressing OSA in diabetes care to ensure more effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

关键词： Obstructive sleep apnea Type 2 diabetes mellitus Macrovascular Microvascular Weight loss Positive airway pressure

Revolutionizing disease diagnosis and management:Open-access magnetic resonance imaging datasets a challenge for artificial intelligence driven liver iron quantification

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World journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 2921-2924页

作者： jaber h jaradat Abdulqadir j Nashwan Faculty of Medicine Mutah UniversityAl-Karak 61101Jordan Department of Nursing Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar

Artificial intelligence(AI),particularly machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)techniques,such as convolutional neural networks(CNNs),have emerged as transformative technologies with vast potential in *** iron load is usually assessed using slightly invasive blood tests(serum ferritin,serum iron,and serum transferrin).Serum ferritin is widely used to assess body iron and drive medical management;however,it is an acute phase reactant protein offering wrong interpretation in the setting of inflammation and distressed *** resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that can be used to assess liver *** ML and DL algorithms can be used to enhance the detection of minor ***,a lack of open-access datasets may delay the advancement of medical research in this *** this letter,we highlight the importance of standardized datasets for advancing AI and CNNs in medical *** the current limitations,embracing AI and CNNs holds promise in revolutionizing disease diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Liver diseases Magnetic resonance imaging Iron quantification Machine learning Deep learning

Flow Regimes in Bubble Columns with and without Internals: A Review

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第2期20卷 239-256页

作者： Ayat N.Mahmood Amer A.Abdulrahman Laith S.Sabri Abbas j.Sultan hasan Shakir Majdi Muthanna h.Al-Dahhan Department of Chemical Engineering University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeBabylonIraq Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaUSA

hydrodynamics characterization in terms ofﬂow regime behavior is a crucial task to enhance the design of bubble column reactors and scaling up related *** review presents recent studies on the typicalﬂow regimes established in bubble *** effort is also provided to introduce relevant deﬁnitions pertaining to thisﬁeld,namely,that of“void fraction”and related(local,chordal,cross-sectional and volumetric)*** studies involving different parameters that affect design and operating conditions are also discussed in *** the second part of the review,the attention is shifted to cases with internals of various types(perfo-rated plates,bafﬂes,vibrating helical springs,mixers,and heat exchanger tubes)immersed in the bubble *** is shown that the presence of these elements has a limited inﬂuence on the global column ***,they can make the homogeneousﬂow regime more stable in terms of transition gas velocity and transi-tion holdup *** last section is used to highlight gaps which have not beenﬁlled yet and future directions of investigation.

关键词： hydrodynamics ﬂow regime bubble column heat-exchanging internals

Discrete Boltzmann model with split collision for nonequilibrium reactive flows

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第8期76卷 164-186页

作者： Chuandong Lin Kai h Luo huilin Lai Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore10 Kent Ridge Crescent119260Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering University College LondonTorrington PlaceLondon WC1E 7JEUnited Kingdom School of Mathematics and Statistics Key Laboratory of Analytical Mathematics and Applications(Ministry of Education)Fujian Key Laboratory of Analytical Mathematics and Applications(FJKLAMA)Center for Applied Mathematics of Fujian Province(FJNU)Fujian Normal University350117 FuzhouChina

A multi-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model(DBM) with split collision is proposed for both subsonic and supersonic compressible reacting flows, where chemical reactions take place among various components. The physical model is based on a unified set of discrete Boltzmann equations that describes the evolution of each chemical species with adjustable acceleration, specific heat ratio, and Prandtl number. On the right-hand side of discrete Boltzmann equations, the collision,force, and reaction terms denote the change rates of distribution functions due to self-and crosscollisions, external forces, and chemical reactions, respectively. The source terms can be calculated in three ways, among which the matrix inversion method possesses the highest physical accuracy and computational efficiency. Through Chapman-Enskog analysis, it is proved that the DBM is consistent with the reactive Navier-Stokes equations, Fick's law and the Stefan-Maxwell diffusion equation in the hydrodynamic limit. Compared with the one-step-relaxation model, the split collision model offers a detailed and precise description of hydrodynamic, thermodynamic, and chemical nonequilibrium effects. Finally, the model is validated by six benchmarks, including multicomponent diffusion, mixture in the force field, Kelvin-helmholtz instability, flame at constant pressure, opposing chemical reaction, and steady detonation.

关键词： discrete Boltzmann method reactive flow detonation nonequilibrium effect

hepatitis B virus genotypes in precision medicine of hepatitis Brelated hepatocellular carcinoma:Where we are now

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： Caecilia h C Sukowati Sri jayanti Turyadi Turyadi David h Muljono Claudio Tiribelli Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology Research Organization for HealthNational Research and Innovation Agency of IndonesiaJakarta 10340Indonesia Liver Cancer Unit Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUSTrieste 34149Italy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin UniversityMakassar 90245South SulawesiIndonesia Faculty of Medicine and health University of SydneySydney 2050Australia

hepatitis B virus(hBV)infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis B that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(hCC).hBV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to I)and 1 putative genotype(j),each with specific geographical distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in the *** diversity may be associated with the precision medicine for hBV-related hCC and the success of therapeutical approaches against hCC,related to different pathogenicity of the virus and host *** Editorial discusses recent updates on whether the classification of hBV genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to the hCC and its precision medicine,in addition to the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology technologies.

关键词： hepatitis B virus hepatocellular carcinoma Genotypes Pathogenesis Precision medicine

Evaluating mechanism of banana pseudo-stem retting using seawater:A cost-effective surface pre-treatment approach

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journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 322-335页

作者： Prince hotor Ahmed h.hassanin Osbert Akatwijuka Mohamed A.h.Gepreel Mitsuo Yamamoto Yukie Saito Ahmed Abdel-Mawgood Egypt-japan University of Science and Technology Biotechnology ProgramAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt Alexandria University Department of Textile EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateBab Sharqi 5424041Egypt Egypt-japan University of Science and Technology Material Science and EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of TokyoBunkyo-KuTokyo 113-8657Japan

Retting has been employed to extract natural fibers from agricultural wastes as a biological and cost-effective approach for *** its global abundance,banana pseudo-stem is a promising agro-waste for lignocellulosic fiber *** this study,fibers were extracted from the pseudo-stems after being pre-treated under four conditions using seawater at room temperature for up to 35 d Bacterial isolation from the fresh seawater sample and screening for ligninolytic ability were *** load as well as laccase and manganese peroxidase enzyme activity profile assay during the retting duration were *** transform infrared(FT-IR)and X-day diffraction(XRD)analyses were also examined for both pre-treated and untreated extracted *** results shows that six out of the eight bacterial isolates had the ability to degrade *** treatments(Raw stem+Raw seawater)and(Autoclaved stem+Raw seawater)recorded the highest viable bacterial load of 9.24×102 and 4.46×102 CFU,respectively,on the 14th day of the retting ***,the highest laccase and manganese peroxidase enzymes activity was recorded for(Raw stem+Raw seawater)and(Autoclaved stem+Raw seawater)treatments in the second to the third *** FT-IR spectra of the pre-treated fibers revealed relative reductions in peaks attributed to polysaccharides and other amorphous substances for all retting *** XRD diffractogram revealed that the crystallinity index(CI)of pre-treated fibers increased in all seawater retting treatment ***,the CI for fibers pre-treated under enzymatic conditions were enhanced even after five *** analysis for selected bacterial isolates showed homology to sequences of Bacillus velezensis,Shewanella sp.L8–5,and Citrobacter amalonaticus and Bacillus subtilis j8 *** these findings,it was suggested that physical,biological,and chemical actions were collectively involved in the seawater retting process of banana ps

关键词： Seawater retting Banana pseudo-stem Natural fiber Enzyme activity Colony forming unit

Physiological phenotypes differ among color morphs in introduced common wall lizards(Podarcis muralis)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 505-523页

作者： Ali AMER Sierra SPEARS Princeton L.VAUGhN Cece COLWELL Ethan h.LIVINGSTON Wyatt MCQUEEN Anna SChILL Dustin G.REIChARD Eric j.GANGLOFF Kinsey M.BROCK Department of Biological Sciences Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareOhioUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Department of Biology Idaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA Department of Environmental Science Policyand ManagementCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA

Many species exhibit color polymorphisms which have distinct physiological and behavioral ***,the consistency of morph trait covariation patterns across species,time,and ecological contexts remains *** trait covariation is especially relevant in the context of invasion biology and urban ***,physiological traits pertaining to energy maintenance are crucial to fitness,given their immediate ties to individual reproduction,growth,and population *** investigated the physiological traits of Podarcis muralis,a versatile color polymorphic species that thrives in urban environments(including invasive populations in Ohio,USA).We measured five physiological traits(plasma corticosterone and triglycerides,hematocrit,body condition,and field body temperature),which compose an integrated multivariate *** then tested variation among co-occurring color morphs in the context of establishment in an urban *** found that the traits describing physiological status and strategy shifted across the active season in a morph-dependent manner—the white and yellow morphs exhibited clearly different multivariate physiological phenotypes,characterized primarily by differences in plasma *** suggests that morphs have different strategies in physiological regulation,the flexibility of which is crucial to urban *** white-yellow morph exhibited an intermediate phenotype,suggesting an intermediary energy maintenance *** morphs also exhibited distinct phenotypes,but the low prevalence of this morph in our study populations precludes clear *** work provides insight into how differences among stable polymorphisms exist across axes of the phenotype and how this variation may aid in establishment within novel environments.

关键词： color polymorphism physiological status seasonal variation thermoregulation urban habitat

Thermal conductivity suppression in uranium-doped thorium dioxide due to phonon-spin interactions

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journal of Materiomics 2024年第3期10卷 709-715页

作者： Zilong hua Saqeeb Adnan Amey R.Khanolkar Karl Rickert David B.Turner Timothy A.Prusnick j.Matthew Mann David h.hurley Marat Khafizov Cody A.Dennett Materials Science and Engineering Department Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsID83415USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA KBR DaytonOH45431USA Azimuth Corporation FairbornOH45324USA Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFBOH45433USA Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA

In this work,impact of low level of uranium(U)atom substitution on thermal conductivity of thorium dioxide(ThO_(2))is ***_(2)is an electronic insulator with a wide optical band-gap and no unpaired electrons whose thermal transport is governed by phonons.U-substitution introduces unpaired f-electrons resulting in paramagnetic behavior of UeThO_(2)at room temperature,which significantly suppresses its thermal conductivity.A single crystal of UeThO_(2)with graded composition of U is grown using a hydrothermal synthesis method,and thermal conductivity measurements are performed in re-gions with uniform composition of U at levels of 0%,6%,9%and 16%.Measured thermal conductivity profiles over 77e300 K temperature range are analyzed using an analytical expression for phonon-mediated thermal transport based on Klemens-Callaway *** dependent thermal con-ductivity is found to deviate significantly from the Rayleigh scattering trend expected for a simple substitutional point defect with a small perturbation to mass and interatomic *** the resonant scattering term,observed large suppression of thermal conductivity at low temperatures can be closely ***,the extracted phonon-spin coupling constants imply a nonlinear relation of phonon-spin interaction intensity with respect to U doping *** study reveals how phonon-spin scattering contributed by unpaired f-electrons in U atoms influences thermal transport in the UeThO_(2)system.

关键词： Phonon-spin interactions Thermal conductivity UdThO_(2)system