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Gabapentin prevalence:clinical and forensic experience in ***,Missouri,USA

Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第4期6卷 218-223页

作者： Sarah B.Riley Kelsie Garbutt Chelsea crow T.Scott Isbell Anthony j.Scalzo school of Medicine Department of Pathology saint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUs school of Medicine Department of Pediatrics saint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUs Department of sociology and anthropology Forensic sciences Programsaint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUSA

Gabapentin(Neurontin)is an anti-epileptic drug that has had wide off-label prescription use since market release due to presumed negligible abuse ***,trends in drug misuse have demonstrated that gabapentin misuse is occurring,particularly in those with a history of opioid *** is concerning,because although gabapentin has no direct ligand activity at opioid receptors,it does potentiate the analgesic effect of opioids,and concurrent use of gabapentin and opioids may increase the risk of respiratory depressive effects of *** study investigates the incidence of gabapentin detected in urine samples collected for clinical drug screening purposes in a local hospital emergency department and in postmortem samples submitted by medical examiners in the *** metropolitan *** prevalence of gabapentin and co-detected drugs in both populations is contrasted,compared,and *** study found that 30%of urine samples collected from patients with suspected drug intoxication presenting to SSM health Saint Louis University hospital,a quaternary care medical center,were positive for gabapentin,and nearly two thirds of those were also positive for *** a 6-month period,the incidence of gabapentin positive postmortem cases increased from 18%to 20%.Nearly all gabapentin positive postmortem cases were also positive for an opioid,the most significant being fentanyl,suggesting that gabapentin misuse may be due to its potentiating effect of opioid drug *** study also highlights the limited utility of immunoassay-based urine drug screens.

关键词： Forensic toxicology clinical toxicology substance misuse gabapentin urine drug screening postmortem mass spectrometry

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Effects of Terracing and Agroforestry on Soil and Water Loss in hilly Areas of the Sichuan Basin, China

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journal of Mountain Science 2008年第3期5卷 241-248页

作者： j.h. ZhANG Z.A. SU G.C. LIU Key Laboratory of Mountain hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences 610041 China Institute of Mountain hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences ＆Ministry of Water Conservancy Chengdu 610041 China The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Soil erosion in hilly areas of the Sichuan Basin is a serious concern over sustainable crop production and sound ecosystem. A 3-year experiment was conducted using the method of runoff plots to examine the effects of terracing and agroforestry in farmland systems on soil and water conservation of slope fields in the hilly areas in jianyang County, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China. A power function (Y = aXb) can statistically describe the relationship between water runoff (Y) and rainfall (X). The regression equation for the treatment of sloping terraces with crops (Plot 2) is remarkably different from that for the treatment of sloping terraces with grasses and trees (Plot 1) and the conventional up- and down-slope crop system (Plot 3) regarding equation coefficients, while regression equations are similar between Plot 1 and Plot 3. Water runoff amount and runoff coefficient of slope fields increased by 21.5～41.0 % and 27.5～69.7 % respectively, compared to those of sloping terraces, suggesting that terracing notably reduced the water runoff in the field. In the case of sloping terraces, lower amount of water runoff was observed on sloping terraces with crops than on sloping terraces with grasses and trees. Sediment yields on the slope fields in the normal year of rainfall distribution were notably higher (34.41～331.67 % and 37.06～403.44 % for Plot 1 and Plot 2, respectively) than those on sloping terraces, implying that terracing also plays a significant role in the reduction in soil erosion. It is suggested that terracing with crops is significantly effective for soil and water conservation in cultivatedfarmland, while the conventional practice of up- and down- slope cultivation creates high rates of water runoff and soil sediment transport. Terracing with grasses and fruit trees shows a less reduction in water runoff than terracing with crops, which was observed in the 3-year experiments.

关键词： Agroforestry sediment transport runoff sloping terrace soil and water conservation

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Nonlinear Transient Response of Functionally Graded Material Sandwich Doubly Curved Shallow Shell Using New Displacement Field

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2018年第1期31卷 108-126页

作者： Z.N.Li Y.X.hao W.Zhang j.h.Zhang College of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Information Science and Technology University College of Mechanical Engineering Beijing University of Technology

In this paper, the nonlinear transient dynamic response of functionally graded material （FGM） sandwich doubly curved shell with homogenous isotropic material core and functionally graded face sheet is analyzed using a new displacement field on the basis of Reddy＇s third-order shear theory for the first time. The equivalent material properties for the FGM face sheet are assumed to obey the rule of simple power law function in the thickness direction. Based on Reddy＇s theory of higher shear deformation, a new displacement field is developed by introducing the secant function into transverse displacement. Four coupled nonlinear differential equations are obtained by applying hamilton＇s principle and Galerkin method. It is assumed that the FGM sandwich doubly curved shell is subjected to step loading, air-blast loading, triangular loading, and sinusoidal loading, respectively. On the basis of double-precision variable- coefficient ordinary differential equation solver, a new program code in FORTRAN software is developed to solve the nonlinear transient dynamics of the system. The influences of core thickness, volume fraction, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio, width-to-thickness ratio and blast type on the transient response of the shell are discussed in detail through numerical simulation.

关键词： New displacement fields Functionally graded materials Sandwich doubly curvedshell Blast load Nonlinear transient response

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Mechanisms of high Coercivity in Ni/NiO Composite Films by Post Annealing

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材料科学与工程学报 2007年第6期25卷 858-860页

作者： j.B. Yi j. Ding Mansoor Bin Abdul jalil B.h. Liu S. Thongmee j.h. Yin Z.L. Zhao Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 119260 Singapore Department of Electrical ＆ Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 119260 Singapore

A coercivity as large as 2.4 kOe has been achieved in the Ni/NiO composite film after an annealing under a magnetic field of 10 kOe and an O_2 partial pressure of 0.001 *** coercivity was attributed to the strong exchange coupling of Ni and *** grain size of Ni and NiO was observed after the *** enhanced coercivity is probably associated with the domain wall pinning by local energy minima,the distribution of Ni and NiO,and the domain structure in the interface of Ni/NiO generated under the presence of the magnetic field during the post-annealing.

关键词：矫顽性镍氧化镍复合薄膜焊后退火交换耦合

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Ω and φ in Au + Au collisions at (s_(NN))^(1/2)= 200 and 11.5 GeV from a multiphase transport model

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Chinese Physics C 2017年第8期41卷 71-77页

作者： Y. j. Ye j.h. Chen Y.G. Ma S.Zhang C. Zhong Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China ShanghaiTech. University Shanghai 200031 China

Within the framework of a multiphase transport model, we study the production and properties of Ω andφ in Au ＋ Au collisions with a new set of parameters for （s（NN））^（1/2）= 200 GeV and with the original set of parameters for （s（NN））^（1/2）= 11.5 GeV. The AMPT model with string melting provides a reasonable description at （s（NN））^（1/2）= 200 GeV,while the default AMPT model describes the data well at （s（NN））^（1/2）= 11.5 GeV. This indicates that the system created at top RhIC energy is dominated by partonic interactions, while hadronic interactions become important at lower beam energy, such as （s（NN））^（1/2）= 11.5 GeV. The comparison of N（Ω^＋＋Ω^-）/[2N（φ）] ratio between data and calculations further supports the argument. Our calculations can generally describe the data of nuclear modification factor as well as elliptic flow.

关键词： multi-strangeness particles AMPT RhIC

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全球城市扩展模拟数据集(1992-2050)

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全球变化数据学报（中英文） 2024年第1期8卷 90-97,V0090-V0097页

作者：刘志锋应嘉禾何春阳黄庆旭白巧贤潘鑫豪北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室北京100875 北京师范大学地理科学学部自然资源学院北京100875 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室北京100875 应急管理部-教育部减灾与应急管理研究院北京100875

全球城市扩展数据是开展全球城市扩展过程及其影响与优化研究的基础,但现有数据未有效区分城乡建设用地,导致相关研究结果存在较大不确定性。本文复合全球建设用地数据和全球城市中心位置数据重建了全球1992–2020年逐年城市扩展过程,... 详细信息

全球城市扩展数据是开展全球城市扩展过程及其影响与优化研究的基础,但现有数据未有效区分城乡建设用地,导致相关研究结果存在较大不确定性。本文复合全球建设用地数据和全球城市中心位置数据重建了全球1992–2020年逐年城市扩展过程,利用土地利用情景变化动力学-城市(Land Use Scenario Dynamics-urban,LUSD-urban)模型分区模拟了5种共享社会经济路径下全球2020–2050年城市扩展过程,构建了一套有效区分城乡建设用地且连续可比的全球城市扩展数据集。精度评价表明该数据集准确可靠,模型模拟结果的Kappa系数为0.88、FoM为0.23。本数据集包含1992–2020年逐年全球历史城市建成区范围和2021–2050年逐五年全球未来城市建成区范围,数据集的空间分辨率为1 km,存储格式为.tif。数据量为498 MB,压缩后为23.7 MB。

关键词：城市扩展全球 1992–2050年共享社会经济路径城市化

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Perturbations in the earthworm metabolite profile during a two-week exposure to metformin

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 221-229页

作者： j.D.Gillis G.W.Price S.O.Prasher Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversityFaculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMacdonald-Stewart Building MS1-02721111 Lakeshore RoadSainte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Department of Engineering Dalhousie UniversityFaculty of Agriculture39 Cox RoadPO Box 550TruroNova ScotiaB2N 5E3Canada

Metformin is among the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in many countries,and as a result has shown up in biosolids derived from municipal wastewater treatment that are destined for land *** humans taking metformin,the effects include reduced glucose uptake in the intestine,a reduction in gluconeogenesis,increased oxidation of fatty acids,and reduced fatty acid *** effects of metformin on soil-dwelling organisms are not well *** study tested the effects of metformin exposure(0,10,40,160,640μg g^(-1))on the earthworm(***)at four time points(6 h,2 d,7 d,and 14 d)using GC-MS to reveal sub-lethal effects and elucidate potential modes of action for *** were no mortalities observed,and earthworms exposed to the highest concentrations(160 and 640μg g^(-1))gained weight relative to the control on days 7 and *** reductions on day 7 were observed for glucose and malic acid(consistent with a reduction in gluconeogenesis),and for palmitic and margaric acid(consistent with increased oxidation and reduced synthesis of fatty acids).Lactic acid ranked first and second among canonicals 1 and 2 respectively and led to significant differences in discriminant scores across concentration and *** levels increased to equal or greater than the control on day 14,likely caused by reduced exposure as metformin is reported to be readily transformed by microorganisms under aerobic *** observations were consistent with the known effects of metformin in humans,and suggests that a similar mode of action exists in earthworms.

关键词： Metabolites Toxicity Earthworms Metformin GC-MS

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Discovery of new MAX-phase-like layered ternary carbide V_(8)P_(6)C:Crystal structure,thermal expansion,and elastic properties

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第7期174卷 55-62页

作者： h.X.Chen L.Sheng Z.L.Zhang X.C.Wen D.L.Yang X.Y.Ye P.Q.Dai School of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou 350118China Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100049China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application Fuzhou 350118China State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China

Due to the laminated structure,MAX phases and MAX-phase-like compounds possess outstanding dam-age tolerance capability with good thermal/electrical conductivity and other charming functional prop-erties,showing a bright future for structural-functional ***,a new MAX-phase-like ternary car-bide V_(8)P_(6)C with layered characteristics was *** to the alternate stacking of hexagonal-arranged M/A/X atom layers in MAX phases,V_(8)P_(6)C has a layered structure formed by a repeated stacking of the slabs consisting of V_(6)C-octahedrons and VP 6-distorted-octahedrons in three-atomic layers *** thermal expansion anisotropy was revealed,with the thermal expansion coefficients(TECs)along a-axis,c-axis,and the average value,equal toα_(a)=8.55(5)μK^(−1),α_(c)=10.23(5)μK^(−1),andα_(L)=9.14(5)μK^(−1),*** dilation along the c-axis was mainly dominated by out-plane V-P bonds be-tween layered *** to the pressure-dependent lattice parameters,the polycrystalline bulk modulus(B_(0)=185(9)GPa)and high compressibility anisotropy factor(B_(a)/B_(c)=1.64)was ***-while,the second-order elastic constants were calculated,and the elastic moduli,E=303 GPa,B=198 GPa,G=122 GPa,andν=0.246,were *** the weak connection between layer slabs by out-plane V1-P bond was revealed by the bond stiffness model,with a bond stiffness close to the M-A bond in MAX ***,good damage tolerance capability was predicted according to Paugh’s ratio(G/B=0.616)and Cauchy pressure(P_(a)=0 GPa,P_(c)=-7.5 GPa),even better than those of typical MAX *** discovery of V_(8)P_(6)C provides a new member of MAX-phase-like damage-tolerant ceramic with relatively low density,moderate thermal expansion,and anisotropic compressibility,and the unique lay-ered structure is inspiring for exploring new layered ternary ceramics.

关键词： New ternary carbide MAX phase Thermal expansion Elastic constants Anisotropy

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Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering in nonuniform plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： S.Tan Q.Wang Y.Chen W.B.Yao C.Z.Xiao j.F.Myatt School of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China School of Electrical and Information Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering(SRSS)is observed for the first time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(PIC)*** construct a theoretical model for the rescattering process,which can predict the region of occurrence of mth-order SRSS and estimate its *** rescattering process is identified by the 2D PIC simulations under typical conditions of a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion *** electrons produced by second-order SRSS propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in first-order SRSS,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot *** studies for a wide range of ignition conditions show that SRSS and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial confinement fusion.

关键词： nonuniform acceleration scattering

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A comparison study of Ce/La and Ca microalloying on the bio-corrosion behaviors of extruded Mg-Zn alloys

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2020年第4期8卷 1269-1280页

作者： j.h.Chu L.B.Tong Z.h.jiang D.N.Zou Q.j.Wang S.F.Liu h.j.Zhang School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China Key Lab of Automobile Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityNanling CampusChangchun 130025China

The influences of Ca and Ce/La microalloying on the microstructure evolution and bio-corrosion resistances of extruded Mg-Zn alloys have been systematically investigated in the current *** with single Ca or Ce/La addition,the Ca-Ce/La cooperative microalloying results in an outstanding grain refinement,because the fine secondary phase particles effectively hinder the recrystallized grain *** coarse Ca2Mg6Zn3 phases promote the formation of Ca3(PO4)2 or hydroxyapatite particles during the immersion process and accelerate the dissolution of the corrosion product film,which destroys its integrity and results in the deterioration of anti-corrosive *** Ce/La elements can be dispersed within the conventional Mg7Zn3 phases,which reduce the internal galvanic corrosion between Mg matrix and the secondary phases,leading to an obvious improvement of corrosion ***,the Ca-Ce/La cooperative microalloying achieves a homogenous fine-grained microstructure and improves the protective ability of surface film,which will pave a new avenue for the design of biomedical Mg alloys in the coming future.

关键词： Extruded Mg-Zn alloy Ca and Ce/La microalloying Microstructure evolution Bio-corrosion behaviors

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