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海面上亚洲季风风场结构

浙江气象 1984年第5期 42-49页

作者： CONGBIN FU j.fletcher R.SLUTZ 章永伟

一、引言为了更清楚地确定与全球大气环流突变相联系的种种过程,本文分析了全球气候系统最活跃、最易变的一种特征——亚洲季风特征。世界上大部分人口是依赖於作物生长季节的季风雨最的。季风雨量产生的潜热释放,在促成全球大气环流中... 详细信息

一、引言为了更清楚地确定与全球大气环流突变相联系的种种过程,本文分析了全球气候系统最活跃、最易变的一种特征——亚洲季风特征。世界上大部分人口是依赖於作物生长季节的季风雨最的。季风雨量产生的潜热释放,在促成全球大气环流中起着重要的作用,从而它就影响了世界的气候。最近的一些研究(Hore

关键词：亚洲季风分支西南季风海陆分布越赤道气流阿拉伯海

LARGE SIGNALS OF CLIMATIC VARIATION OVER THE OCEAN IN THE ASIAN MONSOON REGION

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1988年第4期5卷 389-404页

作者：符淙斌 ,j. fletcher National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration U.S.A.

The aim of this paper is to identify and delineate large signals of climatic variation in the Asian monsoon region and try to understand the nature of transformation from one climate regime to *** is found that the summer monsoon over the Indian and western Pacific oceans shows distinct climatic regimes with changes occurring in the years around 1875, 1900, 1940 and 1960. The change of about 1900 is the largest one, which occurs in step with the variation of global oceanic climate pointed out by fletcher, et al.(1982).The main characteristics of the transformation from one regime to another is an alternation of meridio-nality of monsoon current. The transformation occurs most strongly in the western Pacific convergence zone, where monsoon has strong interaction with the trade wind *** variability of monsoon rainfall over India and East China also exhibits some large signals which are synchronous with those of wind field over the ocean: the monsoon rainfall increases (decreases) during the

关键词： In Bay LARGE SIGNALS OF CLIMATIC VARIATION OVER THE OCEAN IN THE ASIAN MONSOON REGION

Cultivated Land Changes and Their Driving Forces——A Satellite Remote Sensing Analysis in the Yellow River Delta,China

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Pedosphere 2004年第1期14卷 93-102页

作者： ZHAOGeng-Xing G.LIN j.j.fletcher C.YUILL CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment ShandongAgriculturalUniversityTaian271018（China） RegionalResearchInstitute WestVirginiaUniversityMorgantownWV26505-6300（USA）

Taking Kenli County in the Yellow River Delta, China, as the study area and using digital satellite remote sensing techniques, cultivated land use changes and their corresponding driving forces were explored in this study. An interactive interpretation and a manual modification procedure were carried out to acquire cultivated land information. An overlay method based on classification results and a visual change detection method which was supported by land use maps were employed to detect the cultivated land changes. Based on the changes that were revealed and a spatial analysis between cultivated land use and related natural and socio-economic factors, the driving forces for cultivated land use changes in the study area were *** results showed a decrease in cultivated land in Kenli County of 5321.8 ha from 1987 to 1998, i.e.,an average annual decrement of 483.8 ha, which occurred mainly in the central paddy field region and the northeast dry land region. Adverse human activities, soil salinization and water deficiencies were the driving forces that caused these cultivated land use changes.

关键词： cultivated land driving force satellite remote sensing the yellow riverdelta

The measurement and modification of hypoxia in colorectal cancer:overlooked but not forgotten

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 132-144页

作者： Teddy fletcher Alex j.Thompson Hutan Ashrafian Ara Darzi Department of Surgery and Cancer Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother WingSt Mary’s HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK The Hamlyn Centre Institute of Global Health InnovationImperial College LondonLondonUK

Tumour hypoxia is the inevitable consequence of a tumour’s rapid growth and disorganized,inefficient *** compensatorymechanisms employed by tumours,and indeed the absence of oxygen itself,hinder the ability of all *** clinical consequence is poorer overall survival,disease-free survival,and locoregional *** this,clinicians have been attenuating the effect of hypoxia,primarily with hypoxicmodification or with hypoxia-activated prodrugs,and notable success has been ***,in the case of colorectal cancer(CRC),there is a general paucity of knowledge and evidence surrounding themeasurement andmodification of hypoxia,and this is possibly due to the comparative inaccessibility of such *** specifically review the role of hypoxia in CRC and focus on the current evidence for the existence of hypoxia in CRC,themajority of which originates from indirect positron emission topography imaging with hypoxia selective radiotracers;the evidence correlating CRC hypoxia with poorer oncological outcome,which is largely based on themeasurement of hypoxia inducible factor in correlation with clinical outcome;the evidence of hypoxicmodification in CRC,of which no direct evidence exists,but is reflected in a number of indirectmarkers;the prognostic andmonitoring implications of accurate CRC hypoxia quantification and its potential in the field of precision oncology;and the present and future imaging tools and technologies being developed for themeasurement of CRC hypoxia,including the use of blood-oxygenlevel-dependentmagnetic resonance imaging and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

关键词： hypoxia colorectal neoplasm prognostication neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Isotopic Ages of the Penglai Group in the jiaobei Belt and Their Geotectonic Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1994年第4期68卷 417-433页

作者： W.R.Fitches C.j.N.fletcher Institute of Earth Studies University College of WalesAberystwythSY23 3D B U KBritish Geological SurveyAberystwythSY 23 4BYU K

The Penglai Group in the jiaobei Belt is the only remaining cover of the Archaean to Early Proterozoic crystalline basement in eastern Shandong. The ages of deposition of the Penglai Group and of its deformation and metamorphism have long been a subject of speculation. Whole-rock Rb-Sr ages, illite-whole-rock pair Rb-Sr ages and illite K-Ar ages recently obtained from the Penglai Group slates are reported and interpreted in this paper. On the basis of structural and metamorphic studies coupled with analyses of illite crystallinity, XRD and SEM , a whole-rock age of 473±32 Ma (Ordovician) is interpreted as the time of termination of burial metamorphism experienced by the Penglai Group. Therefore, the age of the Penghai Group is older than Ordovician. The first-phase folding and syntectonic low greenschist facies metamorphism in the Penglai Group, i.e. the Penglai Movement, took place before 299±4 Ma B.P., i.e in the Late Carboniferous. The Penglai Movement that occurred in the jiaobei Belt on the southern margin of the North China Plate is attributed to collision between the North China and Yangtze plates along the jiaonan Collision Belt. This demonstrates that the continent-continent collision between the North China and Yangtze plates east of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone took place in the Late Carboniferous. The collision caused N-S compression and deformation in the southern margin belt of the North China Plate north of the Qinling-Dabieshan-jiaonan Collision Belt.

关键词： illite age jiaobei Belt North China Plate Yangtze Plate plate collision

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-jie Cao Frederic Coulon jill L.Edmondson David fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang jannis Wenk Laurence jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

Extracellular vesicle activities regulating macrophage- and tissue-mediated injury and repair responses

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第6期11卷 1493-1512页

作者： Qian Hu Christopher j.Lyon jesse K.fletcher Wenfu Tang Meihua Wan Tony Y.Hu Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112USA Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112USA

Macrophages are typically identified as classically activated(M1) macrophages and alternatively activated(M2) macrophages,which respectively exhibit pro-and anti-inflammatory phenotypes,and the balance between these two subtypes plays a critical role in the regulation of tissue inflammation,injury,and repair *** studies indicate that tissue cells and macrophages interact via the release of small extracellular vesicles(EVs) in processes where EVs released by stressed tissue cells can promote the activation and polarization of adjacent macrophages which can in turn release EVs and factors that can promote cell stress and tissue inflammation and injury and vice *** review discusses the roles of such EVs in resulating such interactions to influence tissue inflammation and injury in a number of acute and chronic inflammatory disease conditions,and the potential applications,advantage and concerns for using EV-based therapeutic approaches to treat such conditions,including their potential role of drug carriers for the treatment of infectious diseases.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles Macrophage Tissue injury Inflammatory disease Interaction loop Stem cell Sepsis Targeted therapy

面理弯切轴测量技术在造山带研究中的应用--以美国阿肯色河地区为例

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岩石学报 2012年第6期28卷 1937-1948页

作者：曹汇 Chris fletcher 大陆构造与动力学国家重点实验室中国地质科学院地质研究所北京100037 澳大利亚詹姆斯库克大学地球科学学院澳大利亚汤斯维尔Qld 4811

基于变形分解理论提出的面理弯切轴测量技术,通过对变斑晶中多期面理的测定分析,为厘定造山运动中的变形过程提供了新的精确定量研究手段。面理弯切轴数据已经被用于解决地质领域多种问题,例如:研究造山运动过程中变形变质历史以及在区... 详细信息

基于变形分解理论提出的面理弯切轴测量技术,通过对变斑晶中多期面理的测定分析,为厘定造山运动中的变形过程提供了新的精确定量研究手段。面理弯切轴数据已经被用于解决地质领域多种问题,例如:研究造山运动过程中变形变质历史以及在区域和造山带尺度对比多期变质作用;论证变斑晶生长过程是否发生旋转;变斑晶成核生长与区域变形过程之间的关系;重建板块运动历史过程;约束不同地质事件的发生时限;划分复杂变形分解类型以及岩浆侵位机制及时限研究。本文主要介绍面理弯切轴测量方法的原理、具体测定方法、研究意义及应用范围,并以美国阿肯色地区为例,详细介绍了面理弯切轴测量技术在造山运动过程区域变形历史重建中的应用。

关键词：造山运动过程面理弯切轴变斑晶变形分解作用

Immunogenic effects of chemotherapyinduced tumor cell death

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Genes & Diseases 2018年第3期5卷 194-203页

作者： Yi-jun Wang Rochelle fletcher jian Yu Lin Zhang UPMC Hillman Cancer Center PittsburghPA15213USA Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15213USA Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA 15213USA

Emerging evidence suggests that the clinical success of conventional chemotherapy is not solely attributed to tumor cell toxicity,but also results from the restoration of immunosurveillance,which has been largely neglected in the past preclinical and clinical *** immune response can be primed by immunogenic cell death(ICD),a type of cell death characterized by cell-surface translocation of calreticulin(CRT),extracellular release of ATP and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1),and stimulation of type I interferon(IFN)*** we summarize recent studies showing conventional chemotherapeutics as ICD inducers,which are capable of modulating tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)and reactivating antitumor immunity within an immuno-suppressive *** immunological effects of conventional chemotherapy are likely critical for better prognosis of cancer ***,combination of ICD-inducing chemotherapeutics with immunotherapy is a promising approach for improving the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.

关键词： Antitumor immunity Autophagy Conventional chemotherapy ER stress Immunogenic cell death Immunosurveillance