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多阶段结核菌素调查设计:关于抽样的一些建议

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2000年第4期 101-107页

作者： N.j.D.Nagelkerke M.W.Borgdorff N.A.Kalisvaart j.f.broekmans 王海东 Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association(KNCV) The Hague The Netherlands

背景:用儿童的结核菌素调查评价国家或地区的感染率时通常应用多阶段调查设计。这些调查需要在每个阶段的亚单位采用有效的抽样方法。目的:制定结核菌素调查抽样的指南。设计:应用抽样理论制定一个简单而有效的抽样方法来计划和分析结... 详细信息

背景:用儿童的结核菌素调查评价国家或地区的感染率时通常应用多阶段调查设计。这些调查需要在每个阶段的亚单位采用有效的抽样方法。目的:制定结核菌素调查抽样的指南。设计:应用抽样理论制定一个简单而有效的抽样方法来计划和分析结核菌素调查。样本大小的问题应予考虑。结果:制定了感染率和其可信区间的计算公式。讨论了样本大小。结论:我们建议用样本比例大小的抽样方法抽取区,这样有较大可能性将较大的单位包括在样本中。一个区内的每个学校有同样的可能性被包括在样本中,则采用单纯随机抽样方法进行学校抽样。每个学校所有符合条件的儿童均做皮内(Mantoux)试验。每个区试验的儿童人数应大致恒定,增加抽取区的数量要比每个区增加几百到几千儿童的数量更有效的提高估算的准确性。

关键词：结核菌素调查抽样

荷兰结核病在不同年龄人群间的传染:应用DNA指纹法的分析

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2000年第1期3卷 35-39页

作者： M.W.Borgdorff N.j.D.Nagelkerke D.vanSoolingen j.f.broekmans 安燕生 Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association(KNCV) The Hague Department of Public Health Erasmus University. Rotterdam National Institute of Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada National Institute of Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association(KNCV) The Hague

背景:1950年至1980年间荷兰结核病感染率的下降比发病率的下降快得多。本研究的目的在于确定这一现象是否能用年龄组内的不同传播所解释。方法:应用RfLP法将荷兰1993～1996年所有菌株进行分型,同一指印的菌株被鉴定为同一来源,由此确定... 详细信息

背景:1950年至1980年间荷兰结核病感染率的下降比发病率的下降快得多。本研究的目的在于确定这一现象是否能用年龄组内的不同传播所解释。方法:应用RfLP法将荷兰1993～1996年所有菌株进行分型,同一指印的菌株被鉴定为同一来源,由此确定2个荷兰患者年龄上的相关性。结果:两簇人群81对菌株患者年龄的平均差异是13.9岁。而所有可能配对患者资料的年龄平均差异是25.5岁。fisher氏检验相关系数为0.62 (95%可信区间[CI]值为0.46～0.74)。结论:结核病传染源更易传染给和他们年龄相近的人群。由于在1950～1980年间,病例的平均年龄在增加。传染源可能对过去常观测年感染率的儿童的感染更少。在低结核国家中儿童、青少年结核病的年感染率的资料不适于该人群中的老年者。

关键词：结核病传染年龄 RfLP 成簇

Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher j.O’Connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries on magnetic resonance imaging

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3144-3150页

作者： Holly flyger Samantha j.Holdsworth Alistair j.Gunn Laura Bennet Hamid Abbasi Mātai Medical Research Institute Tairāwhiti GisborneNew Zealand Department of Anatomy&Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Center for Brain Research The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Auckland Bioengineering Institute The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental *** assessment is important to help identify highrisk infants,to help families,and to support appropriate interventions.A wide range of monitoring tools is available to assess changes over time,including urine and blood biomarkers,neurological examination,and *** present,magnetic resonance imaging is unique as although it is expensive and not suited to monitoring the early evolution of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by a week of life it can provide direct insight into the anatomical changes in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and so offers strong prognostic information on the long-term outcome after hypoxic-ischemic *** review investigated the temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries,with a particular emphasis on exploring the correlation between the prognostic implications of magnetic resonance imaging scans in the first week of life and their relationship to long-term outcome prediction,particularly for infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia.A comprehensive literature search,from 2016 to 2024,identified 20 pertinent *** review highlights that while the optimal timing of magnetic resonance imaging scans is not clear,overall,it suggests that magnetic resonance imaging within the first week of life provides strong prognostic *** challenges limit the timing consistency,particularly the need for intensive care and clinical ***,although most reports examined the prognostic value of scans taken between 4 and 10 days after birth,there is evidence from small numbers of cases that,at times,brain injury may continue to evolve for weeks after *** suggests that in the future it will be important to explore a wider range of times after hypo

关键词： magnetic resonance imaging neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy neurodevelopmental outcomes prognostic biomarkers in neuroimaging scan timing therapeutic hypothermia

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon j.Brown Rafael j.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

Investigation on the influence of the initial RDX crystal size on the performance of shaped charge warheads

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第5期15卷 802-807页

作者： f.Majiet f.j.Mostert Rheinmetall Denel Munition Somerset WestSouth Africa Centre for Scientific&Industrial Research PretoriaSouth Africa

Copper lined wave shaped shaped charges of particular design and liner metallurgy were used to investigate the effect of explosive crystal size on the resultant shaped charge jet *** A3 with RDX of three different average crystal sizes,i.e.30μm,100μm and 300μm were used in the *** other parameters in the charge were kept constant and in particular,care was given to obtain consistent dimensional quality and liner microstructure,in order to prohibit the variation of other *** flash-X-ray diagnostics were used in field tests to obtain the jet parameters from multiple firings of similar *** is found that the varying crystal size of the RDX has a marginal influence in the total jet length of the ***,it is also found that there is less variation between firings in the jet parameters for jets from the charges loaded with the crystal size of 100 μm.

关键词： shaped size crystal

Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia S.Rex David j.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National Science foundation(NSf),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael j.Lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:The brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).The structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

Implementation of a Roughness Element to Trip Transition in Large-eddy Simulation

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journal of Thermal Science 2015年第1期24卷 30-36页

作者： j.Boudet j.-f.Monier f.Gao LMfA Ecole Centrale de Lyon Université de Lyon–UMR CNRS 5509 69134 Ecully Cedex France PhD.Candidate Université de Lyon–UMR CNRS 5509 69134 Ecully Cedex France

In aerodynamics, the laminar or turbulent regime of a boundary layer has a strong influence on friction or heat transfer. In practical applications, it is sometimes necessary to trip the transition to turbulent, and a common way is by use of a roughness element （e.g. a step） on the wall. The present paper is concerned with the numerical im- plementation of such a trip in large-eddy simulations. The study is carried out on a flat-plate boundary layer con- figuration, with Reynolds number Rex=l.3x 106. first, this work brings the opportunity to introduce a practical methodology to assess convergence in large-eddy simulations. Second, concerning the trip implementation, a volume source term is proposed and is shown to yield a smoother and faster transition than a grid step. Moreover, it is easier to implement and more adaptable. finally, two subgrid-scale models are tested： the WALE model of Nic0ud and Ducros （flow Turbul. Combust., vol. 62, 1999） and the shear-improved Smagorinsky model of Ldv^que et al. （j. fluid Mech., vol. 570, 2007）. Both models allow transition, but the former appears to yield a faster transition and a better prediction of friction in the turbulent regime.

关键词： large-eddy simulation boundary layer roughness element transition tripping