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Natural parasites in conjunction with behavioral and color traits explain male agonistic behaviors in a lizard

Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 59-69页

作者： Rodrigo Megia-Palma dhanashree Paranjpe Robert d.Cooper Pauline Blaimont barry Sinervo department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Parasitology UnitUniversidad de Alcala(UAH)E-28805Alcala de HenaresSpain CIBio Centro de Investigagao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GeneticosInBIO Laboratorio AssociadoCampus de VairaoUniversidade do PortoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairaoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal Rupa Rahul Bajaj Center for Environment and Art Empress Botanical GardensKavade MalaPuneIndia department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of Biology University of Houston Downtown1Main St.HoustonTX 77002USA department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

Male competition conforms to a cost-benefit model,because while aggression may increase reproductive prospects,it can also increase the risk of *** hypothesize that an additional cost in aggressive males would be an increase in parasite load associated with a high energy investment into sexual *** of these infections,in turn,may downmodulate the level of host aggression via energetic *** staged dyadic male contests in the lab to investigate the relationships of multiple parasites with the agonistic behavior of lizard hosts,Sceloporus *** also included both color and behavioral traits from opponents in the analyses because(1)color patches of lizards may serve as intraspecific signals used by conspecifics to assess the quality of opponents,and(2)contests between male lizards fit classical models of escalated aggression,where lizards increase aggression displays in response to an opponent's *** results conform to our hypothesis because male lizards displayed more pushups when they had more ***,some parasites may modulate the levels of aggression because lizards infected by hematic coccidians performed fewer ***,lizards also displayed fewer pushups when both the chroma and size of the opponent's blue patch were *** results thus also supported the role of the blue patch of *** as a sexual armament,because it contributed to the deterrence of aggression from opponent *** revealed that natural parasitic infections in lizard hosts can contribute to their agonistic *** encourage future studies to account for parasites in behavioral testswithlizards.

关键词： Ixodes pacificus Lankesterella sexual selection social interactions ticks

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Simulation of the deformable lateral boundaries in biaxial test using dEM

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 161-175页

作者： Ali Momeni barry Clarke Yong Sheng Ali Hassanpour WSP 3 Wellington PlaceLeedsLS1 4APUK Hull University HullHU6 7RXUK School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK School of Computer Science University of HullHullHU6 7RXUK School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK

Applying the discrete element method(dEM)in soil mechanics can provide abundant information at the particle-scale and facilitates illustration of the macro-mechanical behaviour of soils based on the inter-particle *** triaxial test is one of the most common laboratory methods to study the macro-mechanical behaviour of particulate materials such as ***,many problems in geotechnical design can be assumed and simplified as a plane strain *** a biaxial test can be conducted to reproduce the macro-mechanical behaviour of soil,where the sample is enclosed by two horizontal rigid platens and a vertical latex membrane,which is a deformable continuous element and allows the enclosed specimen to deform freely while maintaining confining stress during *** paper presents an algorithm to represent physical and mechanical characteristics of latex membrane in the 2d dEM simulation of biaxial test using the PFC^(2d) *** investigate the impact of the lateral boundary conditions on the micro-macro mechanical behaviours of soil samples,two sets of dEM biaxial tests are conducted,*** rigid and deformable lateral boundary *** dEM modeling results indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a significant effect on the micro-scale fabric properties,thickness and inclination of the shear *** comparison between these two simulations also demonstrates that the lateral boundary conditions play a major role in the peak and post-peak stress-strain behaviours as well as the dilation and critical state behaviours of granular soils.

关键词： discrete element method Biaxial test deformable boundaries Shear band Critical state Fabric anisotropy Geometrical stability index

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Kinetics of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid sorption onto montmorillonite clays in soil and their translocation to genetically modified corn

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 669-680页

作者： Meichen Wang Kelly j Rivenbark Timothy d Phillips Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTX 77845USA

The co-occurrence of glyphosate(GLP)and aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA)in contaminated water,soil,sediment and plants is a cause for concern due to potential threats to the ecosystem and human health.A major route of exposure is through contact with contaminated soil and consumption of crops containing GLP and AMPA ***,clay-based sorption strategies for mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soil,plants and garden produce have been very *** this study,in vitro soil and in vivo genetically modified corn models were used to establish the proof of concept that the inclusion of clay sorbents in contaminated soils will reduce the bioavailability of GLP and AMPA in soils and their adverse effects on plant *** of chemical concentration(1–10 mg/kg),sorbent dose(0.5%-3%in soil and 0.5%-1%in plants)and duration(up to 28 days)on sorption kinetics were *** time course results showed a continuous GLP degradation to *** inclusion of calcium montmorillonite(CM)and acid processed montmorillonite(APM)clays at all doses significantly and consistently reduced the bioavailability of both chemicals from soils to plant roots and leaves in a dose-and time-dependent manner without detectable *** treated with 0.5%and 1%APM inclusion showed the highest growth rate(p≤0.05)and lowest chemical bioavailability with up to 76%reduction in roots and57%reduction in *** indicated that montmorillonite clays could be added as soil supplements to reduce hazardous mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soils and plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AMPA Adsorption Soil remediation Plant Hydroponic system

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Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： d.LEE S.CHANG j.LEE department of Automotive Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random *** method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data *** the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random *** allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data *** substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing ***,the GPCE with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional *** numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the proposed method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE) static reanalysis method static condensation substructuring

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Malargüe Site Remediation:A Successful Solution for Uranium Mill Tailings

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原子能科学技术 2024年第10期58卷 2088-2094页

作者： BARARI E díAZ j G GIOMIA KEMPF R A National Atomic Energy Commission Av.Del Libertador 8250Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1429BNPArgentina

Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) has the responsibility for restoring uranium mining facilities once the operations have ***,within its Environmental Program and in compliance with its legal responsibilities,decides to implement a restoration project for all sites related to the mining and processing of uranium *** Malargüe Site is located within the Province of Mendoza in the city of Malargü*** is the first site to successfully complete its *** activities consist of relocation of tailings to an engineering *** tailings management(encapsulation) and rehabilitation of the area was finished in june *** remediation alternative for the ore tailings was selected after conducting comparative studies and submitted the project to the society for *** objective of the encapsulation of the mineral tails is to isolate them from the environment,also proceeding with the decontamination and rehabilitation of the area (landscaping,post-closure monitoring and 20 years monitoring period).Encapsulation consisted of the construction of a containment cell for the mine tailings,to isolate them and prevent pollutants from entering the environment through the transfer *** clean the impacted areas,the soil was removed,it was incorporated into the encapsulation,and the filling was carried out with natural soils from the *** prevents radon transfer to the environment,as ^(222)Ra is an alpha emitter with a half-life of four days,which produces its own radioactive *** progeny are solids,and when a ^(222)Ra nucleus emits an alpha particle into the air,the resulting ^(218)Po nucleus,momentarily electrically charged,adheres to any dust *** prevents the discharge into the air containing radon and also containing dust particles charged with intensely radioactive radon *** tasks mentioned make it possible to decrease radon emanation,reduce radiological risks to the public and pre

关键词： remediation radionuclide transfer tailings encapsulation solution sustainable

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Investigation of HCAR2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukocytes

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1567-1577页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby C.Krogstad Paiton O.Mcdonald Laxman Pokhrel duy H.Hua Evan C.Titgemeyer barry j.Bradford department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology East LansingMI 48824USA department of Chemistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background dairy cows experiencing ketosis after calving suffer greater disease incidence and are at greater risk of leaving the herd. In vitro administration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA;the primary blood ketone) has inhibitory effects on the function of bovine leukocytes. BHBA is a ligand of HCAR2 and the activation of these receptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response which may be related with immunosuppression observed in transition dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to identify and test antagonists for HCAR2 in bovine immune cells cultured with *** We observed expression of HCAR2 at the protein level within lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. The proportion of cells expressing HCAR2 tended to be greater in mid-lactation compared to early lactation cows;the increase was a result of increased proportion of T and B cells expressing HCAR2. Stimulation of HCAR2 with niacin or BHBA promoted Ca^(2+) mobilization in neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells treated with BHBA had diminished intracellular Ca^(2+) responses when HCAR2 was knocked down by si RNA silencing, indicating Ca^(2+) mobilization was mediated by HCAR2 signaling. Two candidate antagonists for HCAR2, synthesized from niacin(NA-1 and NA-5), were tested;monocytes and neutrophils pre-treated with NA-1 and NA-5 had reduced Ca^(2+) mobilization after incubation with BHBA. Furthermore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented BHBA-associated reductions in cyclic *** We demonstrated that HCAR2 is present on bovine leukocytes and has greater expression later in lactation. We confirmed that BHBA and niacin derived HCAR2 antagonists alter bovine leukocyte activity. Our results demonstrate that both BHBA and niacin affect bovine leukocyte Ca^(2+) mobilization in a HCAR2-dependent manner.

关键词： Flow cytometry GPR109A HM74A Ketosis

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Insm1:orchestrating cellular mimicry in the thymus medulla

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.d.james j.E.Cowan UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the primary production site for a functional and self-tolerant T-cell *** establishment of immune tolerance is mediated by the generation and presentation of tissue-restricted self-antigens(TRAs)by medullary thymic epithelial cells(mTECs),which screen T-cell receptors for self-reactivity to eliminate autoreactive T *** studies have extended our understanding of mTEC heterogeneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTECs mimic the peripheral self[1].

关键词： medullary eliminate restricted

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Mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅢB:a current review and exploration of the AAV therapy landscape

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 355-359页

作者： Courtney j.Rouse Victoria N.jensen Coy d.Heldermon Lacerta Therapeutics AlachuaFLUSA University of Florida College of Medicine GainesvilleFLUSA

Mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes for *** results in the aggregation of heparan sulfate polysaccharides within cell lysosomes that leads to progressive and severe debilitating neurological *** treatment options are expensive,limited,and presently there are no approved cures for mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢ***-associated virus gene therapy has significantly advanced the field forward,allowing researchers to successfully design,enhance,and improve potential *** group recently published an effective treatment using a codon-optimized triple mutant adeno-associated virus 8 vector that restores N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase levels,auditory function,and lifespan in the murine model for mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB to that seen in healthy ***,we review the current state of the field in relation to the capsid landscape,adeno-associated virus gene therapy and its successes and challenges in the clinic,and how novel adenoassociated virus capsid designs have evolved research in the mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB field.

关键词： adeno-associated virus central nervous system gene therapy heparan sulfate immune response mucopolysaccharidoses type IIIB N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase newborn screening

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Fetal Head Compression: Its Possible Role in Neurologic Injury

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Open journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 124-143页

作者： barry S. Schifrin Brian j. Koos Wayne R. Cohen department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Western University of Health Sciences Pomona USA The david Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles USA The University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson USA

It is widely assumed that fetal ischemic brain injury during labor derives almost exclusively from severe, systemic hypoxemia with marked neonatal depression and acidemia. Severe asphyxia, however, is one of several causes of perinatal neurological injury and may not be the most common;most neonates diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy do not have evidence of severe asphyxia. Sepsis, direct brain trauma, and drug or toxin exposure account for some cases, while mechanical forces of labor and delivery that increase fetal intracranial pressure sufficiently to impair brain perfusion may also contribute. Because of bony compliance and mobile suture lines, the fetal skull changes shape and redistributes cerebrospinal fluid during labor according to constraints imposed by contractions, and bony and soft tissue elements of the birth canal as the head descends. These accommodations, including the increase in intracranial pressure, are adaptive and necessary for efficient descent of the head while safeguarding cerebral blood flow. Autonomic reflexes mediated through central receptors normally provide ample protection of the brain from the considerable pressure exerted on the skull. On occasion, those forces, which are transmitted intracranially, may overcome the various adaptive anatomical, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological mechanisms that maintain cerebral perfusion and oxygen availability, resulting in ischemic brain injury. Accepting the notion of a potentially adverse impact of fetal head compression suggests that avoidance of excessive uterine activity and of relentless pushing without steady progress in descent may offer protection for the fetal brain during parturition. Excessive head compression should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ischemic encephalopathy.

关键词： Fetal Brain Injury Fetal Head Compression Ischemic Encephalopathy Neonatal Encephalopathy

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Generalized time-dependent generator coordinate method for induced fission dynamics

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 1-12页

作者： B.Li d.Vretenar T.Nikšić j.Zhao P.W.Zhao j.Meng State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Physics department Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Zagreb10000 ZagrebCroatia Center for Circuits and Systems Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518055China

The generalized time-dependent generator coordinate method(Td-GCM)is extended to include pairing *** correlated GCM nuclear wave function is expressed in terms of time-dependent generator states and weight *** particle–hole channel of the effective interaction is determined by a Hamiltonian derived from an energy density functional,while pairing is treated dynamically in the standard BCS approximation with time-dependent pairing tensor and single-particle occupation *** the inclusion of pairing correlations,various time-dependent phenomena in open-shell nuclei can be described more *** model is applied to the description of saddle-to-scission dynamics of induced *** generalized Td-GCM charge yields and total kinetic energy distribution for the fission of 240Pu,are compared to those obtained using the standard time-dependent density functional theory(Td-dFT)approach,and with available data.

关键词： nuclear density functional theory generator coordinate method fission dynamics

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