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The origin of gate bias stress instability and hysteresis in monolayer WS2 transistors

Nano Research 2020年第12期13卷 3278-3285页

作者： changyong Lan Xiaolin Kang You Meng Renjie Wei Xiuming Bu SenPo Yip johnny c.Ho State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong999077China State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong999077China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing&Mold of Ministry of Education Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450002China

due to the ultra-thin nature and moderate carrier mobility,semiconducting two-dimensional(2d)materials have attracted extensive attention for next-generation ***,the gate bias stress instability and hysteresis are always observed in these 2d materials-based transistors that significantly degrade their reliability for practical ***,the origin of gate bias stress instability and hysteresis for chemical vapor deposited monolayer WS2 transistors are investigated *** transistor performance is found to be strongly affected by the gate bias stress time,sweeping rate and range,and *** on the systematical study and complementary analysis,charge trapping is determined to be the major contribution for these observed ***,due to these charge trapping effects,the channel current is observed to decrease with time;hence,a rate equation,considering the charge trapping and time decay effect of current,is proposed and developed to model the phenomena with excellent consistency with experimental *** these results do not only indicate the validity of the charge trapping model,but also confirm the hysteresis being indeed caused by charge ***,this simple model provides a sufficient explanation for the charge trapping induced gate bias stress instability and hysteresis in monolayer WS2 transistors,which can be also applicable to other kinds of transistors.

关键词： charge trapping gate bias stress instability hysteresis WS2 transistor

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Mechanisms of pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

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chinese Medical journal Pulmonary and critical care Medicine 2024年第2期2卷 80-87页

作者： Yunchao Su Rudolf Lucas david j.R.Fulton Alexander d.Verin department of Pharmacology&Toxicology Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912USA division of Pulmonary and critical care Medicine Department of MedicineMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912USA Vascular Biology center Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912USA Research Service Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAugustaGA 30912USA

Endothelial cells(Ecs)form a semi-permeable barrier between the interior space of blood vessels and the un-derlying *** endothelial barrier integrity is maintained through coordinated cellular processes involving receptors,signaling molecules,junctional complexes,and protein-regulated cytoskeletal *** acute lung injury(ALI)or its more severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARdS),the loss of endothelial barrier integrity secondary to endothelial dysfunction caused by severe pulmonary inflamma-tion and/or infection leads to pulmonary edema and ***-inflammatory agonists such as histamine,thrombin,bradykinin,interleukin 1𝛽,tumor necrosis factor𝛼,vascular endothelial growth factor,angiopoietin-2,and platelet-activating factor,as well as bacterial toxins and reactive oxygen species,cause dynamic changes in cytoskeletal structure,adherens junction disorganization,and detachment of vascular endothelial cadherin(VE-cadherin)from the actin cytoskeleton,leading to an increase in endothelial *** interactions with leukocytes,platelets,and coagulation enhance the inflammatory ***,inflammatory infil-tration and the associated generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection cause Ec death,resulting in further compromise of the structural integrity of lung endothelial *** the use of potent antibiotics and aggressive intensive care support,the mortality of ALI is still high,because the mechanisms of pulmonary Ec barrier disruption are not fully *** this review,we summarized recent advances in the studies of endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization,inter-endothelial junctions,endothelial inflammation,Ec death,and endothelial repair in ALI and ARdS,intending to shed some light on the potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the clinical management of the disease.

关键词： Lung Endothelium Pulmonary edema Acute lung injury Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(眼科学分册) 2006年第4期 30-31页

作者： Khan j.c. Thurlby d.A. Shahid H. j.R.W. Yates 宋虎平 Prof. department of MedicalGenetics University of Cambridge Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge CB2 2QQ United Kingdom

Background/aims: There is evidence that smoking is a risk factor for age related macular degeneration (AMd). However, not all studies have demonstrated this association and several key questions about the role of smoking in AMd have still to be determined. The aim of this study was to further investigate this relation for both choroidal neovascularisation (cNV) and geographic atrophy (GA). Methods: To investigate the relation between smoking and the risk of developing age related macular degeneration (AMd) in white people, 435 cases with end stage AMd were compared with 280 controls. All subjects had graded stereoscopic colour fundus photography and AMd was defined as the presence of GA or cNV. Smoking history was assessed using multiple parameters in a detailed questionnaire. Results: comparison of current and former smokers with nonsmokers was consistent with smoking being a risk factor for AMd but did not reach statistical significance. There was a strong association between AMd and pack years of cigarette smoking (p = 0.002), the odds ratio increasing with the amount smoked; for subjects with more than 40 pack years of smoking the odds ratio was 2.75 (95%cl 1.22 to 6.20) compared with non-smokers. Both types of AMd showed a similar relation; smoking more than 40 pack years of cigarettes was associated with an odds ratio of 3.43 (95%cl 1.28 to 9.20) for GA and 2.49 (95%cl 1.06 to 5.82) for cNV. Stopping smoking was associated with reduced odds of AMd and the risk in those who had not smoked for over 20 years was comparable to non-smokers. The risk profile was similar for males and females. Passive smoking exposure was associated with an increased risk of AMd (OR 1.87; 95%cl 1.03 to 3.40) in non-smokers. conclusions: The authors have demonstrated a strong association between the risk of both GA and cNV and pack years of cigarette smoking. This provides support for a causal relation between smoking and AMd. They also show an increased risk for AMd in non-smokers ex

关键词：黄斑变性危险因素危险隐患脉络膜新生血管 cNV 相关性图样

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Effect of Intercropping Pattern on Stem Borer Infestation in Pearl Millet (<em>Pennisetum glaucum</em>L.) Grown in the Nigerian Sudan Savannah

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Advances in Entomology 2014年第2期2卷 81-86页

作者： M. M. degri d. M. Mailafiya j. S. Mshelia department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Federal University Kashere Gombe Nigeria department of crop Protection Faculty of Agriculture University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria

Fields experiments were conducted at the department of crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri Teaching and Research Farm, Maiduguri during 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons to investigate the effects of intercropping pattern on stem borer pest infestation in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) intercropped with ground nut (Arachis hypogea L.). A split-plot design was used to test the intercrop pattern of 1:0 ratio (sole millet), 1:1 ratio (1 millet row to 1 ground nut row), 2:1 ratio (2 millet rows to 1 ground nut row) and 1:2 ratio (1 millet row to 2 ground nut rows). The results obtained showed that the intercrop pattern of 1:2 ratio and 1:1 ratio yielded less stem borer infestation and abundance in pearl millet, and as well supported high panicle weight and grain yield. In addition to recommending either of these two intercropping patterns to pearl millet farmers for more effective stem borer pest management, results further show the need for identification of effective intercropping patterns in other cropping systems.

关键词： Pearl Millet Stem Borer Intercropping Sudan Savannah

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对于选择蛋氨酸活性源的研究

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中国饲料 1993年第1期 44-45页

作者： E.E.M.Pierson j.j.dibner c.d.Knight R.A.Swick 李美同

天然的和人工合成的蛋氨酸活性源为经济地满足动物对蛋氨酸的需要,必须明白氨基酸是如何提供和代谢的。蛋氨酸是靠日粮中天然的和人工合成的配合提供的。以液态或固态有效添加剂形式供应的合成蛋氨酸活性物质有:d,L—2—羟基—4—(甲硫... 详细信息

天然的和人工合成的蛋氨酸活性源为经济地满足动物对蛋氨酸的需要,必须明白氨基酸是如何提供和代谢的。蛋氨酸是靠日粮中天然的和人工合成的配合提供的。以液态或固态有效添加剂形式供应的合成蛋氨酸活性物质有:d,L—2—羟基—4—(甲硫基)丁基(HMB)酸(Alimet^B,液态)或其钙盐(MHA^R,固态),或d,L—2—氨基—4—(甲硫基)丁酸(固态d,L—蛋氨酸,dLM)或液体蛋氨酸钠盐。

关键词：饲料蛋氨酸来源

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《二语研究的操作》评介

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现代外语 2005年第4期28卷 422-425页

作者：左红珊 j. d. Brown T. S. Rodgers 华中科技大学广东外语外贸大学不详

"公欲善其事,必先利其器",是我国的古训,即言工具、方法的重要性.外语教学研究也要讲究方法,设计好、实施好的科研能够揭示事物的本质,加深我们对问题的理解.

关键词：外语教学研究语言学研究评介操作与国际接轨迅速发展外语教育外语研究方法类型数据类型

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Genetic variation and cryptic lineage diversity of the Nigerian red-headed rock agama Agama agama associate with eco-geographic zones

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current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 713-724页

作者： Lotanna M.NNEjI Adeniyi c.AdEOLA Fang YAN Agboola O.OKEYOYIN Ojo c.OLAdIPO Yohanna SAIdU dinatu SAMUEL Ifeanyi c.NNEjI Akindele O.AdEYI Abiodun B.ONAdEKO Temidayo E.OLAGUNjU Olatunde OMOTOSO Segun O.OLAdIPO Oluyinka A.IYIOLA john Y.USONGO Timothy AUTA Abbas d.USMAN Halima ABdULLAHI Odion O.IKHIMIUKOR Wei-Wei ZHOU jie-Qiong jIN Obih A.UGWUMBA Adiaha A.A.UGWUMBA Min-Sheng PENG Robert W.MURPHY jing cHE State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Sino-Africa joint Research center Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China National Park Service Headquarters Federal Capital TerritoryAbuja 900001Nigeria Old Oyo National Park Oyo State 211242Nigeria Gashaka Gumti National Park SertiTaraba State 663101Nigeria department of Biological Sciences University of AbujaFCTAbuja 902101Nigeria department of Zoology University of IbadanIbadanOyo State 200284Nigeria department of Zoology University of LagosLagos 100213Nigeria department of Biosciences and Biotechnology Kwara State UniversityMaleteKwara State 241104Nigeria department of Zoology Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of llorinllorinKwara State 240103Nigeria department of Zoology Modibbo Adama University of TechnologyYola 640101Nigeria department of Biological Sciences Federal University Dutsin-MaKatsina State 821Nigeria department of Biology Kashim Ibrahim College of EducationMaiduguriBorno State 600230Nigeria department of Microbiology University of IbadanIbadanOyo State 200284Nigeria centre for Biodiversity and conservation Biology Royal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada M5S 2C6

Nigeria is an Afrotropical region with considerable ecological heterogeneity and levels of biotic *** its vertebrate fauna,reptiles have broad distributions,thus,they constitute a compelling system for assessing the impact of ecological variation and geographic isolation on species *** red-headed rock agama,Agama agama,lives in a wide range of habitats and,thus,it may show genetic structuring and ***,we tested the hypothesis that ecology affects its genetic structure and population *** inference phylogenetic analysis of a mitochondrial dNA(mtdNA)gene recovered four well-supported matrilines with strong evidence of genetic structuring consistent with eco-geographic *** differences among populations based on the mtdNA also correlated with geographic distance. The ecologicalniche model for the matrilines had a good fit and robust performance. Population divergence alongthe environmental axes was associated with climatic conditions, and temperature ranked highestamong all environmental variables for forest specialists, while precipitation ranked highest for theforest/derived savanna, and savanna specialists. Our results cannot reject the hypothesis that nicheconservatism promotes geographic isolation of the western populations of Nigerian A. ***, ecological gradients and geographic isolation impact the genetic structure and population divergenceof the lizards. This species might be facing threats due to recent habitat fragmentation,especially in western Nigeria. conservation actions appear necessary.

关键词： Agama agama ecological speciation genogeography Nigeria population divergence vegetation

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Geophysical Surveys over Karst Recharge Features,Illinois,USA

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第3期75卷 249-253页

作者： Philip j.cARPENTER Shawkat AHMEd department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences 312 Davis Hall Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USADepartment of Geology and Environmental Geosciences 312 Davis Hall Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA

Karst aquifers supply a significant fraction of the world's drinking water. These types of aquifers are alsohighly susceptible to pollution from the surface with recharge usually occurring through fractures and solution openings at the bedrock surface. Thickness of the protective soil cover, macropores and openings within the soil cover, and the nature of the weathered bedrock surface all influence infiltration. Recharge openings at the bedrock surface, however, are often covered by unconsolidated sediments, resulting in the inadvertent placement of landfills, unregulated dump sites, tailing piles, waste lagoons and septic systems over recharge zones. In these settings surface geophysical surveys, calibrated by a few soil cores, could be employed to identify these recharge openings, and qualitatively assess the protection afforded by the soil cover. In a test of this hypothesis, geophysical measurements accurately predicted the thickness of unconsolidated deposits overlying karstic dolomite at a site about 100 km south of chicago, Illinois. Zones of elevated electrical conductivity and high ground-penetrating radar (GPR) attenuation within the sediments coincided with subcropping solutionally-enlarged hydraulically active bedrock fractures. These fractures extend to over 12-m depth, as shown by 2-d inverted resistivity sections and soil coring. Anomalous electromagnetic (EM) conductivity and GPR response may be due to higher soil moisture above these enlarged fractures. An epikarstal conduit at 2.5-m depth was directly identified through a GPR survey. These results suggest that surface geophysical surveys are a viable tool for assessing the susceptibility of shallow karst aquifers to contamination.

关键词： karst geophysics epikarst soil pipes recharge infiltration sinkholes

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对于选择蛋氨酸活性源的研究(续)

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中国饲料 1993年第2期 41-44页

作者： E.E.M.Pierson ,j.j.dibner ,c.d.Knight ,R.A.Swick ,李美同

HMB利用率体外法考察体外法消化大分子的消化水解作用需要足够数量的酶,酶的多种来源包括胰腺泡、肝脏和肠道的上皮细胞。由于HMB的溶液Alimet是作为单体、二聚体和多聚体混合物存在的,就要求用实验证实这些存在的形式能否作为蛋氨酸活... 详细信息

HMB利用率体外法考察体外法消化大分子的消化水解作用需要足够数量的酶,酶的多种来源包括胰腺泡、肝脏和肠道的上皮细胞。由于HMB的溶液Alimet是作为单体、二聚体和多聚体混合物存在的,就要求用实验证实这些存在的形式能否作为蛋氨酸活性源。图7表示离体法肠组织实验的结果。此结果表明98％的二聚体水解成单体。用放谢性标记的HMB多聚体的实验也证实,在此体系中可有效地水解成单聚体。

关键词： dLM 蛋氨酸相对生物效能肉鸡生产 HMB 结合作用日粮类型氨基化实验结果体外法生产性能酮式

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高钾、钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩类的成因

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地质地球化学 1995年第6期23卷 66-70页

作者： M.P.Roberts j.d.clemens 杨秋剑李靠社中科院广州地球化学研究所陕西省地矿局第13队

许多Ⅰ型花岗岩类岩浆是由较老的变火成岩经部分熔融而形成的．这类熔体的组成大致是钙碱性和准铝质的。这些熔体是花岗质至英云闪长质熔体，是在其下地壳源区内的极端热条件下形成的。普遍地壳岩石部分熔融的实验数据表明，高钾Ⅰ型花... 详细信息

许多Ⅰ型花岗岩类岩浆是由较老的变火成岩经部分熔融而形成的．这类熔体的组成大致是钙碱性和准铝质的。这些熔体是花岗质至英云闪长质熔体，是在其下地壳源区内的极端热条件下形成的。普遍地壳岩石部分熔融的实验数据表明，高钾Ⅰ型花岗岩类岩浆只能由壳内含水的钙碱性岩石至高钾钙碱性岩石、镁铁质至中性的变质岩石经部分熔融而形成。由于各种变玄武岩的K2O含量低，所以它们不适合作源岩。幔源玄武岩浆和地壳熔体相混合的模式也是不适用的。Ⅰ型钙碱性岩浆作用无论如何都与俯冲作用有关是不必要的。

关键词：花岗岩类型成因钾钙碱性岩

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