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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon c.Daeschler Katelyn j.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj jenny cheung jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini jPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

Status and prospects for symmetric organic redox flow batteries

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journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md Al Raihan c.Adam Dyker Department of chemistry University of New Brunswick

As environmental concerns from fossil fuel consumption intensify, large-scale energy storage becomes imperative for the integration of renewable sources like wind, hydro, and solar with the electrical *** flow batteries, particularly those employing organic molecules, are positioned as a key technology for this purpose. This review explores the growing field of symmetric organic redox flow batteries(ORFBs) within this context. Unlike traditional asymmetric designs based on unique active materials for each electrode, symmetric ORFBs involve a single bipolar species for both electrodes. This review highlights the benefits of a symmetric design, and categorizes five distinct classes of organic bipolar molecules used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. By providing a comprehensive overview of their cell cycling and performance characteristics, the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse categories of bipolar molecules are highlighted for both solvent systems, as are opportunities for future development. This should guide new research directions and advance the development of practical symmetric ORFBs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric battery Organic battery Aqueous electrolyte Non-aqueous electrolyte

Growth and properties of semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal: L-Glutamic acid hydrochloride

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2016年第1期26卷 24-31页

作者： j.uma V.Rajendran Department of Physics Presidency College

Semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal of L-Glutamic acid hydrochloride（LGHc） was grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. Single crystal X-ray Diffraction analysis confirms that LGHc crystallizes in orthorhombic system with noncentrosymmetric space group P212121. The powder X-ray diffraction study confirms the crystallinity of the grown crystal. The fundamental functional groups of the grown crystals were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic analysis in the range of 450–4000 cm-1. The range of optical transmission was ascertained using UV–vis–NIR studies. The Refractive Index of the LGHc crystal was found to be 1.4. The second harmonic generation efficiency of the LGHc was determined using Kurtz and Perry powder technique and it was 0.5 times greater than that of the KDP crystal. Thermo Gravimetric Analysis（TGA） and Differential Thermal Analysis（DTA） were used to study thermal behavior of the sample. The dielectric behavior and ac conductivity of the sample were studied as a function of frequency for different temperatures. The mechanical strength of the crystal was determined by Vicker's Hardness test. The elastic stiffness constant and yield strength of the sample was calculated.

关键词： Semi organic nonlinear optical crystal X-Ray Diffraction UV–vis–NIR Dielectric study Microhardness

Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： christopher j.O’connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.Winkle college of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Phytosociology of stratification in a lowland tropical rainforest occurring north of the Tropic of cancer in Meghalaya, India

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Plant Diversity 2019年第5期41卷 285-299页

作者： uma Shankar Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill University

Stratification in lowland rainforests of Meghalaya,India,which represent the westernmost limit of the rainforests north of the Tropic of cancer,was studied in horizontal and vertical planes to elucidate the patterns in stacking of species diversity and community attributes,and to draw comparisons with rainforests of‘Indo-Malaya’ecozone(biogeographical realm).All individuals≥10 cm GBH(girth at breast height)were enumerated in six transects of 10 m width and up to 500 m length covering 2.45 ha *** stratification of whole assemblage of species in vertical plane is referred to as‘storey structure’(=height class distribution),which explains structural *** horizontal plane,it is typically referred to as‘stand structure’(=girth class distribution),which explains structural *** stratification of an individual species in vertical plane is referred to as‘loftiness’and in horizontal plane,it is frequently referred to as‘population structure’.The stand structure was characterized by a negative exponential relationship or a reverse j-shaped curve,which is typical of a well regenerating forest *** storey structure was characterized by the low stature of the rainforest(canopy with dearth of discrete multi-stories,narrower widths of the stories and a thick *** cluster analysis and‘candlestick charts’showed that the dominant species spatially segregated in canopy height to profile three strata,viz.,an understory of juveniles and shrubs below 5 m,a middle-storey of intermediate trees between 5 and 15 m,and an overstory of large trees between 15 and 25 *** trees of a few species may reach up to 30 *** individuals tended to scatter in increasingly wider range of height classes from a lower to the next higher girth class,creating a‘torchlight scatter’pattern,with a tendency to concentrate towards smaller height classes due to stochastic factors,which potentially influence vertical growth proportionate t

关键词： Forest stratification Stand structure Storey structure Loftiness Population structure Northeast India

Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari jennifer c.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang j.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric critical care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

3D and 2D topographic correction to estimated geothermal gradient from the base of gas hydrate stability zone in the Andaman Forearc Basin

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Energy Geoscience

Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 314-320页

作者： uma Shankar Department of Geophysics Institute of ScienceBHUVaranasiIndia

Methane gas hydrate related bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs)are imaged based on the in-line and cross-line multi-channel seismic(McS)data from the Andaman Forearc *** depth of the BSR depends on pressure and temperature and pore water *** these assumptions,the BSR depth can be used to estimate the geothermal gradient(GTG)based on the availability of in-situ temperature *** calculation is done assuming a 1D conductive model based on available in-situ temperature measurement at site NGHP-01-17 in the study ***,in the presence of seafloor topography,the conductive temperature field in the subsurface is affected by lateral refraction of heat,which focuses heat in topographic lows and away from topographic *** 1D estimate of GTG in the Andaman Forearc Basin has been validated by drilling results from the NGHP-01 expedition.2D analytic modeling to estimate the effects of topography is performed earlier along selected seismic profiles in the study *** study extended to estimate the effect of topography in 3D using a numerical *** corrected GTG data allow us to determine GTG values free of topographic *** difference between the estimated GTG and values corrected for the 3D topographic effect varies up to~5℃/*** conclude that the topographic correction is relatively small compared to other uncertainties in the 1D model and that apparent GTG determined with the 1D model captures the major features,although the correction is needed prior to interpreting subtle features of the derived GTG maps.

关键词： Gas hydrate BSR Geothermal gradient 3D and 2D topographic modeling Andaman Forearc Basin

Rainforests north of the Tropic of cancer: Physiognomy, floristics and diversity in ‘lowland rainforests’ of Meghalaya, India

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Plant Diversity 2017年第1期39卷 20-36页

作者： uma Shankar Amit Kumar Tripathi Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill University Shillong 793 022 India

The lowland rainforests of Meghalaya, India represent the westernmost limit of the rainforests north of the Tropic of cancer. These forests, on the Shillong plateau, are akin to Whitmore's ‘tropical lowland evergreen rainforest' formation and exhibit striking similarities and conspicuous differences with the equatorial rainforests in Asia-Pacific as well as tropical seasonal rainforests in southwestern china near the Tropic of cancer. We found these common attributes of the rainforests in Meghalaya: familial composition with predominance of Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myrsiticaceae,Myrtaceae and Rubiaceae; deciduousness in evergreen physiognomy; dominance of mega-and mesophanerophytic life-forms; abundance of species with low frequency of occurrence(rare and aggregated species); low proportional abundance of the abundant species; and truncated lognormal abundance distribution. The levels of stand density and stand basal area were comparable with seasonal rainforests in southwestern china, but were lower than equatorial rainforests. Tropical Asian species predominated flora, commanding 95% of the abundance. The differences include overall low stature(height) of the forest, inconspicuous stratification in canopy, fewer species and individuals of liana, thicker understory,higher proportion of rare species, absence of locally endemic species and relatively greater dominance of Fagaceae and Theaceae. The richness of species per hectare(S) was considerably lower at higher latitudes in Meghalaya than in equatorial rainforests, but was comparable with seasonal rainforests. Shannon's diversity index(H’=4.40 nats for ≥10 cm gbh and 4.25 nats for ≥30 cm gbh) was lower on higher latitudes in Meghalaya in comparison to species-rich equatorial rainforests, but it was the highest among all lowland rainforests near the Tropic of cancer.

关键词： Lowland rainforest Forest structure Floristics Phytosociology Species richness Life-form spectrum

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon j.Brown Rafael j.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute