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Analysis of convective-radiative heat transfer in dovetail longitudinal fins with shape-dependent hybrid nanofluids: a study using the Hermite wavelet method

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第2期46卷 357-372页

作者： c.G.PAVITHRA B.j.GIREESHA S.SUSHMA K.j.GOWTHAM Department of PG Studies and Research in Mathematics Kuvempu University

A distinguished category of operational fluids, known as hybrid nanofluids,occupies a prominent role among various fluid types owing to its superior heat transfer properties. By employing a dovetail fin profile, this work investigates the thermal reaction of a dynamic fin system to a hybrid nanofluid with shape-based properties, flowing uniformly at a velocity U. The analysis focuses on four distinct types of nanoparticles,i.e., Al2O3, Ag, carbon nanotube (cNT), and graphene. Specifically, two of these particles exhibit a spherical shape, one possesses a cylindrical form, and the final type adopts a platelet morphology. The investigation delves into the pairing of these *** examination employs a combined approach to assess the constructional and thermal exchange characteristics of the hybrid nanofluid. The fin design, under the specified circumstances, gives rise to the derivation of a differential equation. The given equation is then transformed into a dimensionless form. Notably, the Hermite wavelet method is introduced for the first time to address the challenge posed by a moving fin submerged in a hybrid nanofluid with shape-dependent features. To validate the credibility of this research, the results obtained in this study are systematically compared with the numerical simulations. The examination discloses that the highest heat flux is achieved when combining nanoparticles with spherical and platelet shapes.

关键词： Hermite wavelet method radiation convection dovetail fin nanoparticle configuration O351.2

Thoughts concerning the Origin of Our Fractal Universe

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journal of Modern Physics 2025年第1期16卷 167-197页

作者： j. c. Botke National coalition of Independent Scholars South Bend IN USA

During the past few decades, it has become clear that the distribution, sizes, and masses of cosmic structures are best described as fractal rather than homogeneous. This means that an entirely different formalism is needed to replace the standard perturbation model of structure formation. Recently, we have been developing a model of cosmology that accounts for a large number of the observed properties of the universe. A key component of this model is that fractal structures that later regulated the creation of both matter and radiation came into existence during the initial Planck-era inflation. Initially, the vacuum was the only existence and since time, distance, and energy were uncertain, its only property, the curvature (or energy), was most likely distributed randomly. Everything that happened after the Planck era can be described by the known laws of physics so the remaining fundamental problem is to discover how such a random beginning could organize itself into the hierarchy of highly non-random self-similar structures on all length scales that are necessary to explain the existence of all cosmic structures. In this paper, we present a variation of the standard sandpile model that points to a solution. Incidental to our review of the distributions of cosmic structures, we discovered that the apparent transition from a fractal to a homogeneous distribution of structures at a distance of about 150 Mpc is a consequence of the finite size of the universe rather than a change in the underlying statistics of the distributions.

关键词： Early Universe Fractal Distributions Nucleosynthesis cosmic Structures Time-Varying curvature

A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon c.Daeschler Katelyn j.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj jenny cheung jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini jpaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

Status and prospects for symmetric organic redox flow batteries

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journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md Al Raihan c.Adam Dyker Department of chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada

As environmental concerns from fossil fuel consumption intensify,large-scale energy storage becomes imperative for the integration of renewable sources like wind,hydro,and solar with the electrical *** flow batteries,particularly those employing organic molecules,are positioned as a key technology for this *** review explores the growing field of symmetric organic redox flow batteries(ORFBs)within this *** traditional asymmetric designs based on unique active materials for each electrode,symmetric ORFBs involve a single bipolar species for both *** review highlights the benefits of a symmetric design,and categorizes five distinct classes of organic bipolar molecules used in both aqueous and non-aqueous *** providing a comprehensive overview of their cell cycling and performance characteristics,the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse categories of bipolar molecules are highlighted for both solvent systems,as are opportunities for future *** should guide new research directions and advance the development of practical symmetric ORFBs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric battery Organic battery Aqueous electrolyte Non-aqueousel ectrolyte

A comprehensive Review of Pediatric Hydrocephalus

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Open journal of Pediatrics 2025年第1期15卷 21-37页

作者： Lakshmi c. Devarapalli Kelley j. Williams Terry L. Oroszi Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University Fairborn USA

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition caused by an abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (cSF) buildup in the brain’s ventricles. This excess fluid causes the ventricles to enlarge, increasing pressure within the brain. cSF typically flows through the ventricles and around the spinal column, bathing the brain. However, the increased pressure from excess cSF associated with hydrocephalus can damage brain tissue and lead to various problems with cognitive function. While it can occur at any age, hydrocephalus is the most common in infants and adults over 60. It has been a subject of fascination for physicians throughout history due to its striking presentation. Two main types of hydrocephalus exist: obstructive (noncommunicating) and communicating. A blockage in the cSF flow causes obstructive hydrocephalus, while communicating hydrocephalus occurs when the body’s ability to absorb cSF is impaired. The review delves into the intricacies of hydrocephalus, exploring its causes, symptoms, and pathophysiology. The latest research on the topic has been examined, including innovative treatment approaches and ongoing challenges in managing this complex condition.

关键词： Hydrocephalus cSF Ventricles Pathogenesis Pediatric

Important parameters in plasma jets for the production of RONS in liquids for plasma medicine: A brief review

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Frontiers of chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第2期13卷 238-252页

作者： Anna Khlyustova cédric Labay Zdenko Machala Maria-pau Ginebra cristina canal Biomaterials Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering GroupDepartment of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversitat Politecnica de CatalunyaBarcelona 08019Spain Research centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering Universitat Politecnica de CatalunyaBarcelona 08019Spain Faculty of Mathematics Physics and InformaticsComenius UniversityBratislava 84248Slovakia

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are among the key factors in plasma medicine. They are generated by atmospheric plasmas in biological fluids, living tissues and in a variety of liquids. This ability of plasmas to create a delicate mix of RONS in liquids has been used to design remote or indirect treatments for oncological therapy by treating biological fluids by plasmas and putting them in contact with the tumour;Documented effects include selective cancer cell toxicity, even though the exact mechanisms involved are still under investigation. However, the "right" dose for suitable therapeutical activity is crucial and still under debate. The wide variety of plasma sources hampers comparisons. This review focuses on atmospheric pressure plasma jets as the most studied plasma devices in plasma medicine and compiles the conditions employed to generate RONS in relevant liquids and the concentration ranges obtained. The concentrations of H2O2, NO2^-, NO3^- and short-lived oxygen species are compared critically to provide a useful overview for the reader.

关键词： atmospheric plasma jets liquids ROS RNS plasma-dose

Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari jennifer c.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang j.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric critical care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

Two-plasmon-decay instability stimulated by dual laser beams in inertial confinement fusion

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2025年第1期10卷 48-56页

作者： c.-W.Lian Y.ji R.Yan j.Li L.-F.Wang Y.-K.Ding j.Zheng Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026China collaborative Innovation center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Applied Physics and computational Mathematics Beijing 100088China

Two-plasmon-decay instability(TPD)poses a critical target preheating risk in direct-drive inertial confinement *** this paper,TPD collectively driven by dual laser beams consisting of a normal-incidence laser beam(Beam-N)and a large-angle-incidence laser beam(Beam-L)is investigated via particle-in-cell *** is found that significant TPD growth can develop in this regime at previously unexpected low laser intensities if the intensity of Beam-L exceeds the large-angle-incidence *** beams contribute to the growth of TPD in a“seed-amplification”manner in which the absolute instability driven by Beam-L provides the seeds that are convectively amplified by Beam-N,making TPD energetically important and causing significant pump depletion and hot-electron generation.

关键词： laser pump decay

Spatial continuity and stress transfer:Primary and complementary factors shaping pure-swarm laboratory catalog into mixed burst-like and swarm-like

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2025年第1期17卷 55-70页

作者： Qiquan Xiong Qing Lin Yue Gao jesse c.Hampton Geomechanics and Damage Group(GeoD) Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonUSA State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China college of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China

Natural earthquakes and micro-seismicity resulting from hydraulic fracturing or other engineering practices display distinctively different spatial-temporal features,like mixed burst-and swarm-like features or predominantly swarm-like *** mechanism(s)contributing to such observations can be *** present the inspections on the dynamic formation process of the single swarm-like tree in laboratory acoustic emission(AE)*** largest swarm-like trees can contain>97%AE events from the entire catalog within a test;and all catalogs under investigation display scale-invariance *** formation of the largest swarm-like tree correlates with the rock fracture process analogue of the source pervasive process,where its AE releases exhibit significant spatial *** to other laboratory catalogs under different laboratory settings helps us identify the spatial continuity of the rock fracture process as the primary factor in forming the largest swarm-like trees at laboratory *** stress transfer process is involved in the rock fracture process for the tests having pre-existing spatial *** perturbations on the spatial information induced by the stress transfer process further confirm that stress transfer also serves to shift the pure swarm-like catalog into a mixed burst-and swarm-like *** laboratory observations may provide inspirational insights for understanding the field-scale mechanism(s)shaping the spatial-temporal energy release features.

关键词： Rock fracture Laboratory catalogs Swarm-like events Acoustic emission(AE) Scale-invariance