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Suspect and non-targeted screening of chemical pollutants in Botswana's aquatic environments

Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 363-373页

作者： Kgato P.Selwe Charlotte R.Head Gothatamang N.Phokedi jens E.T.Andersen j.brett Sallach Caroline E.H.Dessent Department of Chemistry University of YorkHeslingtonYorkUnited Kingdom Department of Environment and Geography University of YorkHeslingtonYorkUnited Kingdom Department of Biology University of YorkHeslingtonYorkUnited Kingdom Department of Chemical and Forensic Sciences Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyBotswana

Chemical pollution in the aquatic systems of Botswana has been sparsely studied despite its potential ecological ***,we perform a study of water samples collected from 13 locations distributed across Botswana to obtain the first overview of the nature and distribution of chemical contaminants across the country's aquatic *** resolution mass spectrometry was applied using nontargeted and suspect screening methods to qualitatively analyse samples.A total of 114 contaminants of emerging concern(CECs)were identified including 68(59.6%)pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites;16(14.2%)pesticides;13(11.4%)psychoactive compounds and metabolites;11(9.7%)industrial chemicals and intermediates and lastly,5(4.4%)personal care ***,3,4-dimethylmethcathinone,and diazolidinyl urea represented the most commonly detected pharmaceutical,psychoactive drug and personal care product,*** pesticide dodemorph and three industrial chemicals(stearamide,pthalic acid and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate)were detected in all samples obtained.90 CECs were detected in receiving water(from 7 sample locations),75 in wastewater(from 3 sample locations)and 60 in surface water(from 9 sample locations).Of the compounds detected,only 8 had been identified in environmental samples acquired in Botswana *** discuss the variations in the nature and frequency of chemical pollutants detected in this work in a geographical *** results indicate that Botswana's aquatic systems are subject to pollution,despite wastewater treatment and that in order to mitigate potentially harmful effects on both human and aquatic ecosystems,more investigations are required to correctly identify,track and tackle the sources of pollution.

关键词： Emerging contaminants Chemical pollution Water analysis Pharmaceuticals LC-HRMS/MS

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运用递归分割分析确定利拉鲁肽治疗2型糖尿病的疗效预测指标

运用递归分割分析确定利拉鲁肽治疗2型糖尿病的疗效预测指标

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中华医学会第十一次全国内分泌学学术会议

作者： R.RATNER j.brett N.KHUTORYANSKY V.ARODA MedStar Health Research Institute HyattsvilleMDUSA Novo Nordisk Inc PrincetonNJUSA

目的:随机临床试验提供了无偏倚的数据库以进行疗效对比分析来判断哪些患者具有最好的治疗干预应答。方法:我们采用来自7项利拉鲁肽3期临床试验的个体患者水平数据,来分析应答亚组的特征。有应答患者定义为在治疗26周后,达到如下复合终...

目的:随机临床试验提供了无偏倚的数据库以进行疗效对比分析来判断哪些患者具有最好的治疗干预应答。方法:我们采用来自7项利拉鲁肽3期临床试验的个体患者水平数据,来分析应答亚组的特征。有应答患者定义为在治疗26周后,达到如下复合终点AlC<7%、无体重增加和无低血糖(需要他人协助的低血糖事件或可自行处理的PG。

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一日一次的人GLP-1类似物利拉鲁肽治疗可降低2型糖尿病患者的收缩压,且受体重减轻的影响很小

一日一次的人GLP-1类似物利拉鲁肽治疗可降低2型糖尿病患者的收缩...

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中华医学会第十次全国内分泌学学术会议

作者： R.Henry V Fonseca R.Tabaneray Palacios j.brett j.Plutzky University of California at San Diego CAUSA 100020 Tulane University LAUSA 100020 Novo Nordisk A/S BagsvrdDenmark 100020

背景:2型糖尿病患者的高血压患病率高于普通人群,且高血压是2型糖尿病患者发生心肌梗死和卒中的主要危险因素。适度减轻体重可长期降低血压,因此可降低高血压的风险。3期临床试验中,除使糖化血红蛋白(HbA)降低1.0-1.5%之外,利拉鲁肽还...

背景:2型糖尿病患者的高血压患病率高于普通人群,且高血压是2型糖尿病患者发生心肌梗死和卒中的主要危险因素。适度减轻体重可长期降低血压,因此可降低高血压的风险。3期临床试验中,除使糖化血红蛋白(HbA)降低1.0-1.5%之外,利拉鲁肽还可使收缩压(SBP)降低2～6mmHg,并使体重(BW)持续减轻2～3 kg。但关于利拉鲁肽降低SBP和降低BW之间的确切关系尚未明确。

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LEAD-6试验结果:利拉鲁肽治疗后抗体生成的发生率和抗体水平均低于艾塞那肽

LEAD-6试验结果:利拉鲁肽治疗后抗体生成的发生率和抗体水平均低...

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中华医学会第十次全国内分泌学学术会议

作者： j.BUSE E.MONTANYA G.SESTI j.brett H.SOLBERG j.ROSENSTOCK M.NAUCK j.HOLST University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel HillNCUSA 100020

目的:抗GLP-1受体激动剂的抗体形成后理论上可以通过中和该药物甚至天然GLP-1而减弱药效。LEAD-6是一项为期26周的临床试验,比较利拉鲁肽与艾塞那肽,两组患者均联合使用二甲双胍和/或磺脲类药物。其后进入52周的延长期试验,原使用艾塞...

目的:抗GLP-1受体激动剂的抗体形成后理论上可以通过中和该药物甚至天然GLP-1而减弱药效。LEAD-6是一项为期26周的临床试验,比较利拉鲁肽与艾塞那肽,两组患者均联合使用二甲双胍和/或磺脲类药物。其后进入52周的延长期试验,原使用艾塞那肽的患者改用利拉鲁肽。本研究检测了在LEAD一6以及延长期试验中利拉鲁肽和艾塞那肽抗体的情况。

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无论基线HbA1c水平如何,利拉鲁肽治疗均可达到血糖控制目标

无论基线HbA1c水平如何,利拉鲁肽治疗均可达到血糖控制目标

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中华医学会第十次全国内分泌学学术会议

作者： R.Henry j.Buse G.Sesti M.Davies K.H.jensen j.brett R.E.Pratley University of California San Diego School of Medicine San DiegoCAUSA 100020 University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel HillNCUSA 100020

目的:与其他降糖治疗相比较,评估利拉鲁肽(1.8 mg)每日一次治疗达到血糖控制的有效性。方法:对7项3期研究进行荟萃分析,确定不同基线HbA1c分类(≤7.5%、>7.5-8.0%、>8.0-8.5%、>8.5-9.0%、>9.0%)患者基线至治疗26周HbA1c的平均变化。并...

目的:与其他降糖治疗相比较,评估利拉鲁肽(1.8 mg)每日一次治疗达到血糖控制的有效性。方法:对7项3期研究进行荟萃分析,确定不同基线HbA1c分类(≤7.5%、>7.5-8.0%、>8.0-8.5%、>8.5-9.0%、>9.0%)患者基线至治疗26周HbA1c的平均变化。并且,使用逻辑回归分析比较不同基线HbA1c分类人群中达到美国内分泌医师协会(AACE)目标HbA1c≤6.5%的受试者百分率。

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The role of glutamine in supporting gut health and neuropsychiatric factors

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2021年第2期10卷 149-154页

作者： brett j.Deters Mir Saleem Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography NOVA Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL 33314 USA

Recent research has shown that the amino acid glutamine can positively affect gut health by supporting the gut microbiome,gut mucosal wall integrity,and by modulating infiammatory *** modulated by the vagus nerve,via the enteric nervous system,the gut-brain connection can impact the brain’s neurochemical *** gut health can disrupt the balance of neurotransmitters,which can result in neuropsychiatric based conditions such as *** supplementation may provide significant adjunctive nutritional support in cases of depression by promoting proper gut health and function.

关键词： Glutamine Gut Neuropsychiatry Enteric nervous system Neurotransmitters Microbiome

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Are sperm capacitation and apoptosis the opposite ends of a continuum driven by oxidative stress？

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Asian journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 633-639页

作者： Robert j Aitken Mark A Baker brett Nixon Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science Discipline of Biological Sciences and Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia.

This chapter explores the possibility that capacitation and apoptosis are linked processes joined by their common dependence on the continued generation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. According to this model capacitation is initiated in spematozoa following their release into the female reproductive tract as a consequence of intracellular ROS generation, which stimulates intracellular cAMP generation, inhibits tyrosine phosphatase activity and enhances the formation of oxysterols prior to their removal from the sperm surface by albumin. The continued generation of ROS by capacitating populations of spermatozoa eventually overwhelms the limited capacity of these cells to protect themselves from oxidative stress. As a result the over-capacitation of spermatozoa leads to a state of senescence and the activation of a truncated intrinsic apoptotic cascade characterized by enhanced mitochondrial RO$ generation, lipid peroxidation, motility loss, caspase activation and phosphatidylserine externalization. The latter may be particularly important in instructing phagocytic leukocytes that the removal of senescent, moribund spermatozoa should be a silent process unaccompanied by the generation of proinflammatory cytokines. These observations reveal the central role played by redox chemistry in defining the life and death of spermatozoa. A knowledge of these mechanisms may help us to engineer novel solutions to both support and preserve the functionality of these highly specialized cells.

关键词： apoptosis reactive oxygen species sperm capacitation

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Mechanistic action of gibberellins in legume nodulation

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第10期56卷 971-978页

作者： Satomi Hayashi Peter M.Gresshoff brett j.Ferguson Centre for Integrative Legume Research The University of Queensland

Legume plants are capable of entering into a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia *** results in the formation of novel organs on their roots,called nodules,in which the bacteria capture atmospheric nitrogen and provide it as ammonium to the host *** molecular and physiological changes are involved in the formation and establishment of such *** phytohormones are known to play key roles in this ***（gibberellic acids;GAs）,a class of phytohormones known to be involved in a wide range of biological processes（i.e.,cell elongation,germination）are reported to be involved in the formation and maturation of legume nodules,highlighted by recent transcriptional analyses of early soybean symbiotic ***,we summarize what is currently known about GAs in legume nodulation and propose a model of GA action during nodule *** from a wide range of studies,including GA application,mutant phenotyping,and gene expression studies,indicate that GAs are required at different stages,with an optimum,tightly regulated level being key to achieve successful *** acids appear to be required at two distinct stages of nodulation：（i）early stages of rhizobia infection and nodule primordium establishment;and（ii）later stages of nodule maturation.

关键词： Gibberellic acid legume nodulation phytohormone plant development rhizobia symbiosis

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Efficient dispersion modeling in optical multimode fiber

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第2期12卷 194-206页

作者： Szu-Yu Lee Vicente j.Parot brett E.Bouma Martin Villiger Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital Wellman Center for PhotomedicineBostonMA 02114USA Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02140USA Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering Pontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileSantiago 7820244Chile institute for Medical Engineering and Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02140USA

Dispersion remains an enduring challenge for the characterization of wavelength-dependent transmission through optical multimode fiber(MMF).Beyond a small spectral correlation width,a change in wavelength elicits a seemingly independent distribution of the transmitted *** we report on a parametric dispersion model that describes mode mixing in MMF as an exponential map and extends the concept of principal modes to describe the fiber's spectrally resolved transmission matrix(TM).We present computational methods to fit the model to measurements at only a few,judiciously selected,discrete *** validate the model in various MMF and demonstrate an accurate estimation of the full TM across a broad spectral bandwidth,approaching the bandwidth of the best-performing principal modes,and exceeding the original spectral correlation width by more than two orders of *** model allows us to conveniently study the spectral behavior of principal modes,and obviates the need for dense spectral measurements,enabling highly effcient reconstruction of the multispectral TM of MMF.

关键词： fiber optical dispersion

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Noni juice is not hepatotoxic

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3616-3619页

作者： brett j West C jarakae jensen johannes Westendorf Research and Development Department Tahitian Noni International American ForkUtahUnited States University Medical School of Hamburg Department of Toxicology HamburgGennany

Noni juice （Morinda citrifolia） has been approved for use as a safe food within the European Union, following a review of safety. Since approval, three cases of acute hepatitis in Austrian noni juice consumers have been published, where a causal link is suggested between the liver dysfunction and ingestion of anthraquinones from the plant. Measurements of liver function in a human clinical safety study of TAHITIAN NONI juice, as well as subacute and subchronic animal toxicity tests revealed no evidence of adverse liver effects at doses many times higher than those reported in the case studies. Additionally, M. citrifolia anthraquinones occur in the fruit in quantities too small to be of any toxicological significance. Further, these do not have chemical structures capable of being reduced to reactive anthrone radicals, which were implicated in previous cases of herbal hepototoxicity. The available data reveals no evidence of liver toxicity.

关键词： Noni juice Morinda citrifolia Novel food Human clinical safety study

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