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Understanding temporal stability:a long-term analysis of USDA ARS watersheds

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International journal of Digital Earth 2021年第10期14卷 1243-1254页

作者： Evan j.Coopersmith Michael H.Cosh Patrick j.Starks David D.Bosch Chandra Holifield Collins mark Seyfried Stan Livingston john Prueger Soil Insight LLCWashington D.C.USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research CenterHydrology and Remote Sensing LaboratoryBeltsvilleUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Grazinglands Research Laboratory El RenoUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory TiftonUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Southwest Watershed Research Center TucsonUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Northwest Watershed Research Laboratory BoiseUSA USDAAgricultural Research Service-National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory West LafayetteUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment AmesUSA

The *** of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service(USDAARS)maintains seven in situ soil moisture networks throughout the continental United States,some since *** networks are crucial for understanding the spatial and temporal extent of droughts in their historical context,parameterization of hydrologic models,and local agricultural decision ***,the estimates from these networks are dependent upon their ability to provide reliable soil moisture information at a large *** is also not known how many network stations are sufficient to monitor watershed scale ***,the objectives of this research were to:(1)determine how temporally stable these networks are,including the relationships between various sensors on a year-to-year and seasonal basis,and(2)attempt to determine how many sensors are required,within a network,to approximate the full network *** data from seven in situ,it is concluded that approximately 12 soil moisture sensors are sufficient in most environments,presuming their locations are distributed to capture the hydrologic heterogeneity of the *** is possible to install a temporary network containing a suitable number of sensors for an appropriate length of time,glean stable relationships between locations,and retain these insights moving forward with fewer sensor resources.

关键词： Soil moisture temporal stability in situ networks

A review of concentrated flow erosion processes on rangelands:Fundamental understanding and knowledge gaps

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2016年第2期4卷 75-86页

作者： Sayjro K.Nouwakpo Christopher j.Williams Osama Z.Al-Hamdan mark A.Weltz Fred Pierson mark Nearing University of Nevada RenoDepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Science1664 N.Virginia StreetRenoNV 89557USA USDA ARSNorthwest Watershed Management Research800 Park BLVD.STE 105BoiseID 83712USA Texas A&M University–Kingsville Department of Civil and Architectural EngineeringKingsvilleTX 78363USA USDA ARSGreat Basin Rangelands Research920 Valley RoadRenoNV 89512USA USDA ARSSouthwest Watershed Research2000 East Allen RoadTucsonAZ 85719USA

Concentrated flow erosion processes are distinguished from splash and sheetflow processes in their enhanced ability to mobilize and transport large amounts of soil,water and dissolved *** rangelands,soil,nutrients and water are scarce and only narrow margins of resource losses are tolerable before crossing the sustainability *** these ecosystems,concentrated flow processes are perceived as indicators of degradation and often warrant the implementation of mitigation ***,this negative perception of concentrated flow processes may conflict with the need to improve understanding of the role of these transport vessels in redistributing water,soil and nutrients along the rangeland *** influences the development and erosion of concentrated flowpaths and has been the primary factor used to control and mitigate erosion on *** the ecohydrologic level,vegetation and concentrated flow pathways are engaged in a feedback relationship,the understanding of which might help improve rangeland management and restoration *** this paper,we review published literature on experimental and conceptual research pertaining to concentrated flow processes on rangelands to:(1)present the fundamental science underpinning concentrated flow erosion modeling in these landscapes,(2)discuss the influence of vegetation on these erosion processes,(3)evaluate the contribution of concentrated flow erosion to overall sediment budget and(4)identify knowledge gaps.

关键词： Erosion Rangeland Concentrated flow Rill Gully

Advances in diagnosis,treatment and palliation of cholangiocarcinoma:1990-2009

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第34期15卷 4240-4262页

作者： Murad Aljiffry mark j Walsh Michele Molinari Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth II Health Science CentreDalhousie University

Several advances in diagnosis,treatment and palliation of cholangiocarcinoma(CC)have occurred in the last decades.A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore *** is a relatively rare tumor and the main risk factors are:chronic inflammation, genetic predisposition and congenital abnormalities of the biliary *** the incidence of intra-hepatic CC is increasing,the incidence of extra-hepatic CC is trending *** only curative treatment for CC is surgical resection with negative *** transplantation has been proposed only for selected patients with hilar CC that cannot be resected who have no metastatic disease after a period of neoadjuvant chemo-radiation *** resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,positron emission tomography scan,endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography scans are the most frequently used modalities for diagnosis and tumor *** therapy,palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been relatively ineffective for inoperable *** most of these patients biliary stenting provides effective *** therapy is an emerging palliative treatment that seems to provide pain relief,improve biliary patency and increase survival. The clinical utility of other emerging therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization,hepatic arterial chemoinfusion and high intensity intraductal ultrasound needs further study.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Epidemiology Diagnosis Therapy Palliation Systematic review

Patient Characteristics, Safety, and Tolerability With Telaprevir Treatment for HCV in the Clinic:a Retrospective, Multicenter Study

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journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2014年第2期2卷 65-73页

作者： Steven L. Flamm Paul j. Pockros Leif Bengtsson mark Friedman Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA Scripps Clinic and Scripps Translational Science Institute La Jolla California USA Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Boston Massachusetts USA

Background and Aims: There is a paucity of information regarding similarities and differences between patients from the phase 3 studies of telaprevir and those receiving telaprevir in clinical practice. Methods: This retrospective chart review evaluated baseline characteristics and follow-up safety and tolerability data for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treated with telaprevir and peginterferon alfa and ribavirin (PR) in clinical practice. Results: In total, 338 charts from patients at four academic and three community US treatment centers who received telaprevir and PR and had at least 12 weeks of follow-up data were included;62%were from academic centers and 38% were from community centers. Of the 338 patients, 269 completed 12 weeks of telaprevir and PR;32 discontinued due to adverse events. Mean age was 55 years;patients were predominantly white (79.3%) males (58.9%) with genotype 1a HCV infection (61.8%);35.5%were reported to have cirrhosis at baseline;and 55.3%previously received PR. Hypertension and depres-sion were the most common comorbidities. Patient charac-teristics outside the per-protocol minimum criteria used in the phase 3 studies of telaprevir were, e.g., hemoglobin, 9.2%;albumin, 5.3%;platelets, 11.5%;and neutrophil count, 5.6%. Adverse events occurred in 329/338 (97.3%) patients, with anemia, fatigue, nausea, and rash being the most common. Of 38 hospitalizations, 26 were deemed related to telaprevir and PR. Three patients died due to pneumonia, septic shock, and hepatorenal syndrome (n=1 each). Conclusions: These findings complement those reported from rigorous, randomized controlled studies with telaprevir-based treatment and provide a general assess-ment of similarities and/or differences between patients from the phase 3 studies of telaprevir and those treated with telaprevir in clinical practice.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Combination drug therapy Protease inhibitors Liver diseases

Systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes of anatomic repair in congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries

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World journal of Cardiology 2020年第8期12卷 427-436页

作者： Arka Chatterjee Neal j Miller Marc G Cribbs Amrita Mukherjee mark A Law Division of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294United States Department of Pediatric Cardiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294United States Department of Epidemiology University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public healthBirminghamAL 35233United States

BACKGROUND Treatment of congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries(cc-TGA)with anatomic repair strategy has been considered superior due to restoration of the morphologic left ventricle in the systemic ***,data on long term outcomes are limited to single center reports and include small sample *** To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for observational studies reporting outcomes on anatomic repair for *** MEDLINE and Scopus databases were queried using predefined criteria for reports published till December 31,*** reporting anatomic repair of minimum 5 cc-TGA patients with at least a 2 year follow up were *** was performed using Comprehensive meta-analysis v3.0 *** Eight hundred and ninety-five patients underwent anatomic repair with a pooled follow-up of 5457.2 patient-years(PY).Pooled estimate for operative mortality was 8.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):6.0%-11.4%].0.2%(CI:0.1%-0.4%)patients required mechanical circulatory support postoperatively and 1.7%(CI:1.1%-2.4%)developed post-operative atrioventricular block requiring a *** surviving initial surgery had a transplant free survival of 92.5%(CI:89.5%-95.4%)per 100 PY and a low rate of need for pacemaker(0.3/100 PY;CI:0.1-0.4).84.7%patients(CI:79.6%-89.9%)were found to be in New York Heart Association(NYHA)functional class I or II after 100 PY follow *** re-intervention rate was 5.3 per 100 PY(CI:3.8-6.8).CONCLUSION Operative mortality with anatomic repair strategy for cc-TGA is *** that,transplant free survival after anatomic repair for cc-TGA patients is highly *** of patients maintain NYHA I/II functional ***,monitoring for burden of re-interventions specific for operation type is very essential.

关键词： Congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries Anatomic repair Double switch operation Atrial switch Rastelli Hemi-Mustard Rastelli Atrio-ventricular block

一种新的包含可变时间效应的内生时空权重矩阵构建方法

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数量经济技术经济研究 2018年第1期35卷 131-148,F0003页

作者：范巧 hudson Darren 重庆科技学院法政与经贸学院得州理工大学农业与应用经济系

研究目标:引入一种基于年度全局Moran指数比的内生时空权重矩阵构建方法,并评估其合理性。研究方法:基于标准化的空间权重矩阵和以年度全局Moran指数比为基础的时间权重矩阵,经过克罗内克积组合形成内生时空权重矩阵;并以两江新区辐射... 详细信息

研究目标:引入一种基于年度全局Moran指数比的内生时空权重矩阵构建方法,并评估其合理性。研究方法:基于标准化的空间权重矩阵和以年度全局Moran指数比为基础的时间权重矩阵,经过克罗内克积组合形成内生时空权重矩阵;并以两江新区辐射带动力影响因素分解问题为例,评估了内生时空权重矩阵的引入合理性。研究发现:相对于传统的外生时空权重矩阵而言,内生时空权重矩阵能够模拟空间溢出效应在时间上的动态转移和传导效应,却不会导致模型估计结果变异性质发生明显改变。研究创新:构建了一种新的内生性的、包含可变时间效应的时空权重矩阵。研究价值:为面板数据空间计量模型建模实践构建了一种更为精准的时空权重矩阵设计方式。

关键词：权重矩阵时间效应变异性 Moran指数

Risk scoring model for prediction of non-home discharge after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第10期17卷 621-627页

作者： Alexis K Okoh Ebru Ozturk justin Gold Emaad Siddiqui Nehal Dhaduk Bruce Haik Chun-Guang CHEN Marc Cohen mark j Russo Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Institute RWJ Barnabas Health-NBIMCNewarkNew JerseyUSA Department of Medicine Division of BiostatisticsHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey Rutgers New jersey Medical School NewarkNew JerseyUSA Department of Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA

Background Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR) are likely to be discharged to a location other than home. We aimed to determine the association between preoperative risk factors and non-home discharge after TAVR. Methods Patients discharged alive after TAVR at three centers were identified from a prospectively maintained database randomly divided into 80% derivation and 20% validation cohorts. Logistic regression models were fit to identify preoperative factors associated with non-home discharge in the derivation cohort. Multivariable models were developed and a nomogram based risk-scoring system was developed for use in preoperative counseling. Results Between june 2012 and December 2018, a total of 1,163 patients had TAVR at three centers. Thirty-seven patients who died before discharge were excluded. Of the remaining 1,126 patients(97%) who were discharged alive, the incidence of non-home discharge was 25.6%(n = 289). The patient population was randomly divided into the 80%(n = 900) derivation cohort and 20%(n = 226) validation cohort. Mean ± SD age of the study population was 83 ± 8 years. In multivariable analysis, factors that were significantly associated with non-home discharge were extreme age, female sex, higher STS scores, use of general anesthesia, elective procedures, chronic liver disease, non-transfemoral approach and postoperative complications. The unbiased estimate of the C-index was 0.81 and the model had excellent calibration. Conclusions One out of every four patients undergoing TAVR is discharged to a location other than home. Identification of preoperative factors associated with non-home discharge can assist patient counseling and postoperative disposition planning.

关键词： Aortic valve replacement Non-home discharge Postoperative risk Transcatheter Transfemoral

Models to predict injury, physical fitness failure and attrition in recruit training: a retrospective cohort study

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Military Medical Research 2020年第4期7卷 391-400页

作者： Robin M.Orr Bruce S.Cohen Stephen C.Allison Lakmini Bulathsinhala Edward j.Zambraski mark jaffrey Tactical Research Unit Bond University2 Promethean WayGold CoastRobinaQLD 4226Australia United States Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine NatickMA 01760USA Defence Science and Technology Group Port MelbourneVIC 3207Australia

Background:Attrition rate in new army recruits is higher than in incumbent *** the current study,we identified the risk factors for attrition due to injuries and physical fitness failure in recruit training.A variety of predictive models were ***:This retrospective cohort included 19,769 Army soldiers of the Australian Defence Force receiving recruit training during a period from 2006 to *** them,7692 reserve soldiers received a 28-day training course,and the remaining 12,077 full-time soldiers received an 80-day training *** data included anthropometric measures,course-specific variables,injury,and physical fitness *** regression was used to develop a variety of models to predict the rate of attrition due to injuries and physical fitness *** area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the performance of the ***:In the overall analysis that included both the 28-day and 80-day courses,the incidence of injury of any type was 27.8%.The 80-day course had a higher rate of injury if calculated per course(34.3%vs.17.6%in the 28-day course),but lower number of injuries per person-year(1.56 vs.2.29).Fitness test failure rate was significantly higher in the 28-day course(30.0%vs.12.1%).The overall attrition rate was 5.2%and 5.0%in the 28-day and 80-day courses,*** fracture was common in the 80-day course(n=44)and rare in the 28-day course(n=1).The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the course-specific predictive models were relatively low(ranging from 0.51 to 0.69),consistent with"failed"to"poor"predictive *** course-combined models performed somewhat better than the course-specific models,with two models having AUC of 0.70 and 0.78,which are considered"fair"predictive ***:Attrition rate was similar between 28-day and 80-day *** comparison to the 80-day full course,the 28-day course had a lower rat

关键词： Military training Predictive modelling Risk management Soldier

Molecular markers reliably predict post-harvest deterioration of fresh-cut lettuce in modified atmosphere packaging

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 698-710页

作者： Ivan Simko Ryan j.Hayes Maria-jose Truco Richard W.Michelmore Rudie Antonise mark Massoudi u.s.department of agriculture agricultural research serviceu.s.agricultural research stationcrop improvement and protection research unit1636 east alisal streetsalinasca93905usa u.s.department of agriculture national forage seed production research center3450 sw campus waycorvallisor97331usa the genome center and department of plant sciences university of californiadavisca95616usa keygene n.v. p.o.box 2166700 aewageningenthe netherlands ag-biotech 9701 blue larkspur lanesuite amontereyca93940usa

Fresh-cut lettuce is popular,but highly perishable *** studies of two bi-parental populations derived from crossing parents with rapid and slow rates of deterioration showed that the deterioration rate is a heritable trait(broad spectrum heritability,H2 of 0.56–0.87).The major genetic determinant of the deterioration rate in both populations was the quantitative trait locus(QTL),qSL4,located on linkage group *** QTL explained 40–74%of the total phenotypic variation of the trait in the two *** the qSL4 region with single-nucleotide(SNP)markers allowed detection of six haplotypes in a set of 16 lettuce accessions with different rates of *** of the haplotypes were always associated with very rapid rates of deterioration,while the other three haplotypes were associated with slow rates of *** SNPs located 53 bp apart were sufficient to separate the 16 accessions into two groups with different rates of *** accuracy of markers-trait association was subsequently tested on 350 plants from seven F2 families that originated from crossing parents with different rates of *** H2 of deterioration rate in these seven families ranged from 0.64 to *** SNP-based analysis accurately identified individuals with rapid,intermediate,and slow rates of deterioration in each *** rate of deterioration was found in individuals having heterozygous alleles at qSL4,indicating an additive effect of the *** assay can be used for fast,accurate,and reliable identification of deterioration rate after processing for salad.

关键词： deterioration linkage originated