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journal of Semiconductors 2012年第9期33卷 1-7页

作者： j.abraham hudson mark A.john Peter Department of Physics NPR Arts&Science CollegeNathamDindigul-624401India Department of Physics Government Arts CollegeMelur-625106MaduraiIndia

The band offsets for a Zn1-xin Mgxin Se/Zn1-xout Mgxout Se quantum well heterostructure are determined using the model solid theory. The heavy hole exciton binding energies are investigated with various Mg alloy contents. The effect of mismatch between the dielectric constants between the well and the barrier is taken into account. The dependence of the excitonic transition energies on the geometrical confinement and the Mg alloy is discussed. Non-linear optical properties are determined using the compact density matrix approach. The linear, third order non-linear optical absorption coefficient values and the refractive index changes of the exciton are calculated for different concentrations of magnesium. The results show that the occurred blue shifts of the resonant peak due to the Mg incorporation give the information about the variation of two energy levels in the quantum well width.

关键词： interband emission energy exciton binding energy quantum well

Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William j.Flerlage mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

Inner blood-retina barrier involvement in dry age-related macular degeneration(AMD) pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1656-1657页

作者： Natalie hudson mark Cahill Matthew Campbell Neurovascular Genetics Unit Smurfit Institute of GeneticsTrinity College DublinDublinIreland Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital Adelaide RoadDublin 2Ireland

Age-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD)isaprogressiveneurodegenerative disease with a global prevalence of 8.7%in people over the age of 45. It is one of the leading causes of central retinal blindness in the industrialized world leading to loss of an individual’s ability to read, drive and see fine details, such as recognition of faces. By 2040, it is estimated that 288 million individuals worldwide will be diagnosed with AMD due to improved life expectancy(Wong et al., 2014).

关键词： AMD individual degeneration

Potential relevance of pig gut content transplantation for production and research

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 540-558页

作者： Nuria Canibe mark O’Dea Sam abraham Department of Animal Science Aarhus UniversityAU-FOULUMPO BOX 508830 TjeleDenmark Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease laboratory College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaAustralia

It is becoming increasingly evident that the gastrointestinal microbiota has a significant impact on the overall health and production of the *** has led to intensified research on the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota,factors affecting it,and the impact of the microbiota on health,growth performance,and more recently,behavior of the *** production research has been heavily focused on assessing the effects of feed additives and dietary modifications to alter or take advantage of select characteristics of gastrointestinal microbes to improve health and feed conversion *** on faecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) as a possible tool to improve outcomes in pigs through manipulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome is very recent and limited data is *** on FMT in humans demonstrating the transfer of phenotypic traits from donors to recipients and the high efficacy of FMT to treat Clostridium difficile infections in humans,together with data from pigs relating GI-tract microbiota composition with growth performance has likely played an important role in the interest towards this strategy in pig ***,several factors can influence the impact of FMT on the recipient,and these need to be identified and optimized before this tool can be applied to pig *** are obvious inherent biosecurity and regulatory issues in this strategy,since the donor's microbiome can never be completely screened for all possible non-desirable ***,considering the success observed in humans,it seems worth investigating this strategy for certain applications in pig ***,FMT research may lead to the identification of specific bacterial group(s) essential for a particular outcome,resulting in the development of banks of clones which can be used as targeted therapeutics,rather than the broader approach applied in *** review examines the factors associated with the use of FMT,and its pote

关键词： Clostridium difficile Faecal-microbiota-transplantation Feed conversion Gastrointestinal tract Health Microbiota Pig model Pigs

Effects of overburden characteristics on dynamic failure in underground coal mining

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 121-129页

作者： Lawson Heather E. Tesarik Douglas Larson mark K abraham Habte NIOSH Office of Mine Safety and Health ResearchGround Control BranchSpokane WA 99207USA

Dynamic failures, or ‘‘bumps", remain an imperative safety concern in underground coal mining, despite significant advancements in engineering controls. The presence of spatially discrete, stiff roof units are one feature that has been linked to these events. However, an empirical stratigraphic review indicates that no significant difference exists in the relative commonality of discrete units between bumping and non-bumping deposits. Instead an apparent relationship exists between reportable bumping and the overall stiffness of the host rock. However, this initial study is too simplistic to be conclusive; to weight the relative impact of changes in a single variable, such as the thickness or location of sandstone members, it must be examined in isolation—i.e., in a setting where all other variables are held *** modelling provides this setting, and the effects of variability in a stiff discrete member in a hypothetical longwall mining scenario are investigated within the context of three stratigraphic ‘‘types",Compliant, Intermediate and Stiff. A modelling experiment examines changes in rupture potential in stiff roof units for each stratigraphic type as discrete unit thickness and location are manipulated through a range of values. Results suggest that the stiff-to-compliant ratio of the host rock has an impact on the relative stress-inducing effects of discrete stiff members. In other words, it is necessary to consider both the thickness and the distance to the seam, within the context of the host rock, to accurately anticipate areas of elevated rupture-induced hazard; acknowledging the presence of a discrete unit within the overburden in general terms is an insufficient indicator of risk. This finding helps to refine our understanding of the role of individual stiff, strong roof members in bumping phenomena, and suggests that a holistic view of overburden lithology and site-specific numerical modelling may be necessary to improve miner safety.

关键词： Dynamic failure Coal mining Bumps Bounces

Assessment of mercury(II) bioavailability using a bioluminescent bacterial biosensor: Practical and theoretical challenges

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第8期22卷 1137-1143页

作者： Paulo R G Barrocas William M Landing Robert j M hudson Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health National School of Public Health Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Department of Oceanography Florida State University. Tallahassee Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois

Critical methodological challenges in the microbial biosensor approach to assessing Hg（II） bioavailability were evaluated from the perspective of analytical chemists. The main challenge stems from the fact that the chemical speciation of Hg（II） in natural waters exerts a major control on its bioavailability, yet its natural complexation equilibria are extensively altered during conventional bioassays. New data, obtained using a bioluminescent Hg（II）-biosensor, that illustrate these challenges are presented and potential solutions proposed.

关键词： mercury bioavailability biosensor chemical speciation bioluminescent

Misdiagnosis of Earth climate sensitivity based on energy balance model results

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Science Bulletin 2015年第15期60卷 1370-1377页

作者： mark Richardson Zeke Hausfather Dana A.Nuccitelli Ken Rice john P.abraham Department of Meteorology University of Reading Climate Physics Section Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Energy and Resources Group University of CaliforniaBerkeley Skeptical Science Brisbane Institute for Astronomy Royal Observatory University of Edinburgh School of Engineering University of St. Thomas St. Paul

Monckton of Brenchley et al.(Sci Bull60:122–135, 2015)(hereafter called M15) use a simple energy balance model to estimate climate response. They select parameters for this model based on semantic arguments, leading to different results from those obtained in physics-based studies. M15 did not validate their model against observations, but instead created synthetic test data based on subjective assumptions. We show that M15 systematically underestimate warming: since 1990, most years were warmer than their modelled upper limit. During 2000–2010, RMS error and bias are approximately 150 % and 350 % larger than for the CMIP5 median, using either the Berkeley Earth or Cowtan and Way surface temperature data. We show that this poor performance can be explained by a logical flaw in theparameter selection and that selected parameters contradict observational estimates. M15 also conclude that climate has a near-instantaneous response to forcing, implying no net energy imbalance for the Earth. This contributes to their low estimates of future warming and is falsified by Argo float measurements that show continued ocean heating and therefore a sustained energy imbalance. M15's estimates of climate response and future global warming are not consistent with measurements and so cannot be considered credible.

关键词： Climate sensitivity Global warming Climate change Climate model Climate feedback

Assessing ecological and physiological costs of melanism in North American Papilio glaucus females: two decades of dark morph frequency declines

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 583-612页

作者： j.mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA

Polymorphisms for melanic form of insects may provide various selective ***,melanic alleles may have significant/subtle pleiotrophic“costs.”Several potential pleiotrophic effects of the W(=Y)‐linked melanism gene in Papilio glaucus L.(Lepidoptera)showed no costs for melanic versus yellow in adult size,oviposition preferences,fecundity,egg viability,larval survival/growth rates,cold stress tolerance,or postdiapause emergence *** selection(males choosing yellow rather than mimetic dark females)had been suggested to provide a balanced polymorphism in ***,but spermatophore counts in wild females and direct field tethering studies of size‐matched pairs of virgin females(dark and yellow),show that male preferences are random or frequency‐dependent from Florida to Michigan,providing no yellow counter‐*** frequency declines of dark(melanic/mimetic)females in *** populations are shown in several major populations from Florida(27.3°N latitude)to Ohio(38.5°N).Summer temperatures have increased significantly at all these locations during this time(1999–2018),but whether dark morphs may be more vulnerable(in any stage)to such climate warming remains to be *** potential reasons for the frequency declines in mimetic females are discussed:(i)genetic introgression of Z‐linked melanism suppressor genes from ***(R&j)and the hybrid species,***(Pavulaan&Wright),(ii)differential developmental incompatibilities,or Haldane effects,known to occur in hybrids,(iii)selection against intermediately melanic(“dusty”)females(with the W‐linked melanic gene,b+)which higher temperatures can cause.

关键词： climate warming ecology of melanism incomplete mimicry pleiotrophic costs

Seasonal resource selection of an arboreal habitatspecialist in a human-dominated landscape: A case studyusing red panda

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Current Zoology 2023年第1期69卷 1-11页

作者： Damber Bista Greg S.Baxter Nicholas j.hudson Peter j.Murray School of Agriculture and Food Sciences(Wildlife Science Unit) The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of Southern QueenslandDarling HeightsQLD 4350Australia

Human-dominated landscapes provide heterogeneous wildlife habitat. Conservation of habitat specialists, like red pandas Ailurus fulgens, inhabiting such landscapes is challenging. Therefore, information on resource use across spatial and temporal scales could enable informed-decisionmaking with better conservation outcomes. We aimed to examine the effect of geo-physical, vegetation, and disturbance variables on fine-scalehabitat selection of red pandas in one such landscape. We equipped 10 red pandas with GPS collars in eastern Nepal in 2019 and monitoredthem for 1 year. Our analysis was based on a generalized-linear-mixed model. We found the combined effect of geo-physical, vegetation, anddisturbance variables resulted in differences in resource selection of red pandas and that the degree of response to these variables variedacross seasons. Human disturbances, especially road and cattle herding activities, affected habitat utilization throughout the year whereas othervariables were important only during restricted periods. For instance, geo-physical variables were influential in the premating and cub-rearingseasons while vegetation variables were important in all seasons other than premating. Red pandas selected steeper slopes with high solarinsolation in the premating season while they occupied elevated areas and preferred specific aspects in the cub-rearing season. Furthermore,the utilized areas had tall bamboo in the birthing and cub-rearing seasons while they also preferred diverse tree species and high shrub coverin the latter. Our study demonstrates the significance of season-specific management, suggests the importance of specific types of vegetationduring biologically crucial periods, and emphasizes the necessity to minimize disturbances throughout the year.

关键词： Ailurus fulgens anthropogenic disturbances habitat specialists habitat utilization resource use spatio-temporal variation vegetation

Integrating ancient patterns and current dynamics of insect-plant interactions＂ Taxonomic and geographic variation in herbivore specialization

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Insect Science 2010年第6期17卷 471-507页

作者： j. mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The search for pattern in the ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has fascinated biologists for centuries. High levels of tropical （tow-latitude） plant and insect diversity relative to poleward latitudes and the disproportionate abundance of host-specialized insect herbivores have been noted. This review addresses several aspects of local insect specialization, host use abilities （and loss of these abilities with specialization）, host-associated evolutionary divergence, and ecological （including ＂hybrid＂） speciation, with special reference to the generation of biodiversity and the geographic and taxonomic identification of ＂species borders＂ for swallowtail butterflies （Papilionidae）. From ancient phytochemically defined angiosperm affiliations that trace back millions of years to recent and very local specialized populations, the Papilionidae （swallowtail butterflies） have provided a model for enhanced tmderstanding of localized ecological patterns and genetically based evolutionary processes. They have served as a useful group for evaluating the feeding specialization/physiological efficiency hypothesis. They have shown how the abiotic （thermal） environment interacts with host nutritional suitability to generate ＂voltinisrn/suitability＂ gradients in specialization or preference latitudinally, and geographical mosaics locally. Several studies reviewed here suggest strongly that the oscillation hypothesis for speciation does have considerable merit, but at the same time, some species-level host specializations may lead to evolutionary dead-ends, especially with rapid environmental/habitat changes involving their host plants. Latitudinal gradients in species richness and degree of herbivore feeding specialization have been impacted by recent developments in ecological genetics and evolutionary ecology. Localized insect- plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic speci

关键词： evolutionary dead-ends key innovations latitudinal gradients oscillation hypothesis of speciation polyspecialists preference/performance specialization/physiological efficiency hypothesis voltinism-suitability hypothesis