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Avalanche boron fusion by laser picosecond block ignition with magnetic trapping for clean and economic reactor

High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第4期4卷 1-9页

作者： H.Hora G.Korn S.Eliezer N.Nissim P.Lalousis L.Giuffrida D.margarone A.Picciotto G.H.miley S.moustaizis j.-m.martinez-val C.P.j.Barty G.j.Kirchhoff Department of Theoretical Physics University of New South Wales ELI-Beamline Proj.ct Inst. PhysicsASCRPALS Center Institute of Nuclear Fusion Polytechnic University of Madrid Soreq Research Center Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers FORTH micro-Nano Facility Fondazione Bruno Kessler Department of Nuclear Plasma & Radiological Engineering University of Illinois Technical University Crete Laboratory of Matter Structure and Laser Physics Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Uj. management GmbH

measured highly elevated gains of proton–boron(HB11) fusion(Picciotto et al., Phys. Rev. X 4, 031030(2014))confirmed the exceptional avalanche reaction process(Lalousis et al., Laser Part. Beams 32, 409(2014); Hora et al.,Laser Part. Beams 33, 607(2015)) for the combination of the non-thermal block ignition using ultrahigh intensity laser pulses of picoseconds duration. The ultrahigh acceleration above 10^(20) cm s^(-2)for plasma blocks was theoretically and numerically predicted since 1978(Hora, Physics of Laser Driven Plasmas(Wiley, 1981), pp. 178 and 179) and measured(Sauerbrey, Phys. Plasmas 3, 4712(1996)) in exact agreement(Hora et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 072701(2007)) when the dominating force was overcoming thermal processes. This is based on maxwell's stress tensor by the dielectric properties of plasma leading to the nonlinear(ponderomotive) force f_(NL)resulting in ultra-fast expanding plasma blocks by a dielectric explosion. Combining this with measured ultrahigh magnetic fields and the avalanche process opens an option for an environmentally absolute clean and economic boron fusion power reactor. This is supported also by other experiments with very high HB11 reactions under different conditions(Labaune et al., Nature Commun.4, 2506(2013)).

关键词： boron fusion energy dielectric nonlinear force explosion economic reactor environmentally clean energy picosecond-non-thermal plasma block ignition

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Conserving natural resources through food loss reduction: Production and consumption stages of the food supply chain

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第4期6卷 331-339页

作者： Shahla m.Wunderlich Natalie m.martinez Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Montclair State UniversityNJUSA

Globally, attention has been drawn to the increasingly alarming rates of food loss and waste (FLW) along the food supply chain (FSC) and its contributions to the depletion of the natural resources and rise in greenhouse gas emissions. Within the past decade, discovery of the rippling impacts of this interrelationship has generated an increased sense of urgency in efforts amongst scholars, global leaders, government and non-government agencies to research, and formulate comprehensive plans and goals to address and reduce the rates of global FLW. Not only does FLW lessen the quantity of available food, but also, the availability of the many natural resources required to produce food. This will become an important factor when the world population increases by more than 30% by the year 2050. Although advances have been made, still 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted every year due to various underlying causes and challenges. This enormous quantity of wasted food also represents an increase in usage of natural resources. In the United States (U.S.), food and agriculture consume up to 16% of energy, almost half of the land, and account for 67% of the nation's freshwater use (NRDC, 2017). The rate of natural resource depletion is not sustainable, and it endangers the ecosystem. multiple reports have cited the first and last stages of the FSC as the most significant contributors of FLW and environmental resource depletion. This literature review attempts to provide a comprehensive assessment of the intricacies of the FSC, the multi-variable causes of global FLW at the production and consumption stages, its environmental implications and the necessary sustainability compliant actions.

关键词： Global sustainability Food loss and waste Food security Environmental impact Sustainable food future Food supply chain Natural resources

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Brain-penetrating neurotrophic factor mimetics: HER-096 as a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1094-1095页

作者： Natalia Kulesskaya Kira m.Holmström Henri j.Huttunen Herantis Pharma Plc EspooFinland

Neurotrophic factors as a therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases:A maj.r unmet need in the field of central nervous system diseases is disease-modifying *** for decades there have been various symptomatic treatments available to alleviate the symptoms of the disease,disease-modification,*** that stop,significantly delay,or reverse the progression of the disease,has been turned out to a difficult goal to achieve.

关键词： diseases treatment therapeutic

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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert j.Thomas m.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

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Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William j.Flerlage mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian m.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a maj.r contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

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Physics and applications with laser-induced relativistic shock waves

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 46-59页

作者： S.Eliezer j.m.martinez-val Z.Henis N.Nissim S.V.Pinhasi A.Ravid m.Werdiger E.Raicher Institute of Nuclear Fusion Polytechnic University of Madrid Applied Physics Division Soreq NRC 42 Beery

The laser-induced relativistic shock waves are described. The shock waves can be created directly by a high irradiance laser or indirectly by a laser acceleration of a foil that collides with a second static foil. A special case of interest is the creation of laser-induced fusion where the created alpha particles create a detonation wave. A novel application is suggested with the shock wave or the detonation wave to ignite a pre-compressed target. In particular, the deuterium–tritium fusion is considered. It is suggested that the collision of two laser accelerated foils might serve as a novel relativistic accelerator for bulk material collisions.

关键词： fast ignition laser piston model relativistic shock waves ultra-intense lasers

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Consolidation of AA 7075-2 wt% ZrO2 Composite Powders by Severe Plastic Deformation via ECAP

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Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第10期29卷 895-901页

作者： S. E. Hernandez-martinez j. j. Cruz-Rivera R. martinez-Sanchez C. G. Garay-Reyes j. A. mufioz-Bolanos j. m. Cabrera j.L.Hernández-Rivera Instituto de metalurgia Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi Sierra Leona 550 78210 San Luis Potosi Mexico Centro de Investigacion en materiales Avanzados (CImAV) Miguel de Cervantes 120 31109 Chihuahua Mexico Departamento de Ciencia de materiales e Ingenieria metalurgica Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya Av Diagonal 647 08028 Barcelona Spain Fundacion CTm Centro Tecnologico Plaza de la Ciencia 208243 Manresa Spain CONACYT Research Fellow-Instituto de metalurgia Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi- Sierra Leona 550 78210 San Luis Potosf Mexico

The powders of the AA 7075-ZRO2 were mixed by mechanical milling, but it was found that the system presents a few disadvantages when processed by conventional sintering and hot extrusion, since intermetallic phases between ZrO2 particles and alloying elements were formed. Equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） processing was proposed as an alternative method to consolidate the composite where there is no intermetallic formation. The analysis of the ECAP process showed that the intermediate temperature （220℃） produced a higher consolidation level than conventional sintering and hot extrusion （400 and 500℃, respectively）. This fact was supported by relative density analysis. In the case of the sintered and hot-extruded sample, the relative density exhibited a value of 0.95, while ECAP sample showed a value of 0.98. Hardness values show that microstructural refinement obtained during mechanical milling was preserved during ECAP processing even when it was carded out at 220℃.

关键词： metal matrix composites (mmCs) Powder consolidation Severe plastic deformation (SPD)

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An egg-shell bifunctional CeO_(2)-modified NiPd/Al_(2) O_(3) catalyst for petrochemical processes involving selective hydrogenation and hydroisomerization

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j.urnal of Rare Earths 2021年第11期39卷 1382-1388,I0003页

作者： Franklin j.mendez j.vier A.Alves Yahse Roj.s-Challa Oscar Corona Yanet Villasana j.lia Guerra German Garcia-Colli Osvaldo m.martinez j.aquin L.Brito Centro de Quimica Instituto Venezolano de Invesdgaciones CientfficasCarretera PanamericanaKm 11 Altos de PipeCaracas1020AVenezuela Departamento de Estado Solido Instituto de FisicaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad UniversitariaCiudad de Mexico04510Mexico Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica Facultad de Ingenieria(UNLP)and Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas"Dr.J.J.Ronco"(CINDECA)CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLPLa Plata1900Argentina Departamento de Quimica Analitica Facultad de QufmicaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad UniversitariaCiudad de Mexico04510Mexico Instituto Tecnoldgico Venezolano Del Petroleo SA. Petrole os de Venezuela SA.Urb.Santa Rosa-Sector El TamborLos Teques1201Venezuela Instituto Superior de Formacion Docente Salome Urena Esquina Leonardo D'VinciSanto Domingo10114Republica Dominicana Biomass to Resources Group Universidad Regional Amazonica IkiamKm 7 via MuyunaTena150150Ecuador Departamento de Termodinamica y Fenomenos de Transferencia Universidad Simon BolivarValle de SartenejasCaracas1086Venezuela

The catalytic performance during the 1-butyne hydrogenation using two reduced Al_(2) O_(3)-supported Pdbased catalysts was carried out in a total recirculation system with an external fixed-bed *** lab-prepared egg-shell NiPd/CeO_(2)-Al_(2) O_(3) catalyst(NiPdCe) with Pd loading=0.5 wt%,Ni/Pd atomic ratio=1 and CeO_(2) loading=3 wt% was synthesized and characterized,and it was compared with an egg-shell Al_(2) O_(3)-supported Pd based commercial catalyst(PdCC).The reduced catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and high-resolution transmission electron *** textural characteristics and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption profiles of the fresh(unreduced) catalysts were also *** catalysts show high 1-butyne conversion and selectivity to 1-butene,but the catalysts also present important differences between hydroisomerizing and hydrogenating *** catalyst shows higher capability for hydroisomerization reactions,while the PdCC catalyst exhibits higher hydrogenating *** observed catalytic performances can be interesting for some industrial processes and can provide a guideline for the development of a Pd-based catalyst with specific catalytic properties.

关键词： 1-Butyne Bifunctional catalyst Egg-shell Hydrogenation Hydroisomerization NiPd catalyst

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multi-obj.ctive optimization design of bridge piers with hybrid heuristic algorithms

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j.urnal of Zhej.ang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第6期13卷 420-432页

作者： Francisco j. martinez-mARTIN Fernando GONZALEZ-VIDOSA Antonio HOSPITALER Víctor YEPES Department of Geotechnical Engineering Universitat Politècnica de València 46022 Valencia Spain Department of Construction Engineering ICITECH Universitat Politècnica de València 46022 Valencia Spain

This paper describes one approach to the design of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers, using a three-hybrid multi- obj.ctive simulated annealing (SA) algorithm with a neighborhood move based on the mutation operator from the genetic algorithms (GAs), namely mOSAmO1, mOSAmO2 and mOSAmO3. The procedure is applied to three obj.ctive functions: the economic cost, the reinforcing steel congestion and the embedded CO 2 emissions. Additional results for a random walk and a descent local search multi-obj.ctive algorithm are presented. The evaluation of solutions follows the Spanish Code for structural concrete. The methodology was applied to a typical bridge pier of 23.97 m in height. This example involved 110 design variables. Results indicate that algorithm mOSAmO2 outperforms other algorithms regarding the definition of Pareto fronts. Further, the proposed procedure will help structural engineers to enhance their bridge pier designs.

关键词： Bridge piers Concrete structures multi-obj.ctive optimization Simulated annealing (SA) Structural design

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Asphaltene Surface Erosion in Air Plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2010年第1期12卷 81-86页

作者： m. VILLA m. CALIXTO-RODRIGUEZ H. martinez j. C. POVEDA P. G. REYES P. ALTUZAR Faculty of Sciences Autonomous University of the State of Mexico State of Mexico Mexico Institute of Physical Sciences Autonomous National University of Mexico 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico Energy Research Center Autonomous National University of Mexico 62580 Temixco Morelos Mexico

Optical emission spectroscopy was applied for plasma characterization during erosion of substrates of asphaltene. The amount of 100 mg of asphaltene was carefully applied to an electrode and exposed to air plasma glow discharge at a pressure of 1.0 Tort. The plasma was generated in a stainless steel discharge chamber by an AC generator with a frequency of 60 Hz and an output power of about 60 W. The electron temperature was found to be 6.88 eV, and the ion density is about 3.5×10^16 cm^-3. As the asphaltene was exposed to the air plasma, the surface was etched. The emission from molecular bands CS2,O3, N2^＋, NO, O2, CS, S2, CN, C7H7, C2, H2, C2^-, NiO, N2 and SO, and atomic line O, were observed and some of them were used to monitor the evolution of asphaltene erosion. The asphaltene weight was reduced gradually with an etching rate of about 0.844 mg/min, during the first 20 min.

关键词： optical emission spectroscopy asphaltene erosion

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