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f.rther compatibility tests of.the entomopathogenic f.ngus Lecanicillium muscarium with conventional insecticide products f.r control of.sweetpotato whitef.y, Bemisia tabaci on poinsettia plants

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Insect Science 2008年第4期15卷 355-360页

作者： Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Lisa f. Blackburn Phil Northing Weiqi Luo Raymond j. C. Cannon Keith f. A. Waiters Central Science Laboratory Sand Hutton York Y041 1LZ UK

The ef.ect on spore germination of.the entomopathogenic f.ngus Lecanicillium muscarium f.llowing direct exposure f.r 24 h to the insecticides Maj.stik, Spray Oil, Agri- 50E, Savona and Oberon f.r the control of.both egg and second instar stages of.the sweetpotato whitef.y, Bemisia tabaci, was determined. Exposure to both Agri-50E and Oberon was f.llowed by acceptable spore germination. Inf.ctivity rates of.. muscarium on poinsettia f.liage in the presence of.dry residues of.the insecticides were also investigated. No signif.cant detrimental ef.ects on the levels of.control of.B. tabaci were recorded compared with f.ngus applied to residue-f.ee f.liage. Sequential application of.the chemicals Savona, Spray Oil and Maj.stik with the f.ngus all produced mortalities of.second instar B. tabaci above 90%. Incorporation of.these chemicals with L. muscarium into integrated control programs f.r B. tabaci is discussed.

关键词： entomopathogenic f.ngus integrated pest management insecticidecompatibility Lecanicillium muscarium

CORROSION PROTECTION Of.Al CATHODES IN ZINC ELECTROLYSIS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1999年第3期12卷 221-228页

作者： Lu, f. Van Ooij. W.j. Beij.ng Inst of.Aeronautical Materials Beijing China

A new pretreatment or a coating f.r Al was developed and tested to protect the Al ef.ectively f.om corrosion when it was connected to pure zinc at electroplating potential and exposed to an acidic sulf.te solution. It was f.und out that (1) Al alloy purity and electroplating potential have a large ef.ect on galvanic corrosion between Zn-Al couples; (2) BTSE silane pretreatment and polyurethane coating have better perf.rmance in corrosion protection, which are evaluated by EIS, salt spray test and immersion test f.r Al cathodes in Zinc electrolyte; (3) BTSE treatment or BTSE plus polyurethane coating has the best anti-corrosion perf.rmance and can protect the Al cathode ef.ectively in zinc electrolysis.

关键词： Aluminum Electrolysis

A rigorous proof.of.MIMO channel capacity's increase with antenna number

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Optoelectronics Letters 2008年第4期4卷 280-282页

作者： GONG j.an-min M. R. Soleymani j. f. Hayes College of.Inf.rmation Science and Technology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China Department of.Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal Quebec H3G 1M8 Canada

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may of.er larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) communication *** this letter,a simple proof.is presented f.r the f.ct that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of.receiving *** proof.is based on the f.mous capacity f.rmula of.f.schini and Gans with matrix theory.

关键词： Antennas Communication systems Matrix algebra MIM devices Multiplexing Receiving antennas

Ef.ECTS Of.TREATMENT TIME ON CORROSION Of.DIf.USION-ALLOYED COATINGS Of.PURE MAGNESIUM

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2007年第1期20卷 72-78页

作者： Y.P. Ma j. Li j. Zhu L. Yang Y.G. Liu Z.Y. Li f. Zhao School of.Metallurgic Engineering Xi＇an University of Architecture ＆ Technology Xi＇an 710055 China

The corrosion resistance of.pure magnesium with surf.ce alloying layer obtained by a solid dif.usion alloying technique has been analyzed. To establish the optimum treatment time, the experiments were perf.rmed at 480℃ f.r dif.erent solid dif.usion time （8, 16, and 24h）. The dif.usion interaction ef.ectiveness between Zn, Al mix powder and the sample surf.ce, depending on the treatment time f.r dif.usion at given temperatures, has an obvious inf.uence on corrosion resistance and corrosion mechanism. Corrosion properties were studied using the constant immersion test （in 3.0% NaCl solution, temperature is （28±1）℃, and time is 96h）. Optical microscopy （OM） and EDS （energy dispersive spectrum） composition analysis were used to examine the cross-sectional microstructural characteristics of.alloyed layer of.treated samples. It is shown that in comparison with the untreated samples, the treated ones possess a better corrosion resistance. The Al5Mg11Zn4 phase, which f.rmed as a continuous phase due to the dif.usion of.Al, Zn, and Mg elements and subsequent interaction on the outermost layer of.dif.usion alloying zones （especially the samples treated f.r 24h at 480℃）, was inert to the chloride solution compared with pure magnesium and acted as a corrosion barrier, and theref.re the best corrosion resistance was obtained. This protective action of.Al5Mg11Zn4 phase was f.und to change with its amount, which was controlled by the dif.usion time at given temperature. It was concluded that the continuous Al5Mg11Zn4 phase （WP-zone） of.the reacted layer in pure magnesium was benef.cial f.om the point of.view of.corrosion resistance.

关键词： pure magnesium solid dif.usion treatment time microstructure corrosion

Intermediate accounting j. David Spiceland, j.mes f. Sepe, Lawrence A. Tomassini 3rd ed.

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f.rmation and Microstructural Characterization of.Silicon-modif.ed Aluminide Coating on Nickel-based Superalloy IN738LC

2004年

作者： j. David Spiceland j.mes f. Sepe Lawrence A. Tomassini

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 657-660页

作者： f. Shahriari f. Ashraf.zadeh A. Monshi Materials engineering department Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan IranMaterials engineering department Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan IranMaterials engineering department Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran

In this investigation, aluminide coatings used to protect industrial components at high temperature and corrosive environments were modif.ed with silicon addition and the microstructural f.atures and f.rmation mechanism were evaluated. The coating on the nickel-based superalloy IN738LC was carried out by a two stage process including siliconizing at f.rst and aluminizing thereaf.er. Pack cementation siliconizing perf.rmed at 950C f.r 2, 4 and 6 hours in several powder mixtures of.Si, A12O3 and NHiCl, then aluminum was dif.used into the surf.ce of.the specimens by an industrial aluminizing process. The modif.ed coatings were characterized by means of.standard metallography, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray dif.raction methods. The results show that Si in the coatings mainly presents in the f.rm of.secondary phases including Cr3Si, Mo5Si3 and Nii6Ti6Si7, well distributed within the NiAl matrix. The advantages of.this two stage modif.ed coating is discussed.

关键词：显微结构 IN738LC 镍超级合金扩散渗碳处理生长机制

COUPLED NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON COLD ROLLER'S TEMPERATURE f.f.D-PHASE TRANSf.RMATION - STRESS f.ELD DURING ITS QUENCHING PSOCESS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2000年第1期13卷 254-262页

作者： j. f. Gu j. S. Pan M. j. Hu and f. f. Shen (School of.Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai j.ao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China)

Complicated changns occur inside the steel parts during quenching process. The abruptly changed boundary conditions make the temperature f.eld,micro - structure and stress f.eld change dramatically in very short time, and these variables take a contact interactions in the whole process. In this paper, a three dimensional non - linear mathematical model f.r queeching process has been f.unded and the numerical simulation on temperature f.eld,microstructre and stress f.eld has been *** the f.M analysis, the incremental iteration method is used to deal with such complicated nonlinear as boundary nonlinear, physical property nonlinear,transf.rmation nonlinear *** ef.ect of.stress on transf.rmation kinetics has been considered in the calculation of.microstructure. In the stress f.eld anal- ysis,a thermo- elasto - plastic model has been f.unded, which considers such f.ctors as transf.rma- tion strain,transf.rmation plastic strain, themal strain and the ef.ect of.temperature and transf.rma- tion on mechanical propertier etc. The transient temperature f.eld, microstructure distribution and stress f.eld of.the roller on any time can be displayed vividly,and the cooling curve and the changes of.stress on any position can also be given.

关键词： quenching,phase transf.rmation,temperature f.eld stress f.eld f.nite element method (f.M) numerical simulation

Phylogenetic reconstruction of.Chirita and allies (Gesneriaceae) with taxonomic treatments

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j.urnal of.Systematics and Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 50-64页

作者： j.mes f. SMITH Department of.Biological Sciences Boise State University

Chirita D. Don, a large genus in the subf.mily Cyrtandroideae of.Gesneriaceae, has been the subj.ct of.much debate whether it is a natural group or not. In addition, the highly heterogeneous Chirita has also been very problematic with regard to delimitation and subdivision. Here we used the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer and cpDNA trnL-f.f.r molecular phylogenetic analaysis, combined with morphological data. Our results suggest that Chirita is an artif.cial, polyphyletic genus. The most important character that def.nes Chirita, the dorso-ventrally oblique and bilamellar stigma, has evolved convergently in dif.erent clades of.diandrous Cyrtandroideae. Chirita sensu stricto only includes the species of.Chirita sect. Chirita, whereas Chirita sect. Microchirita is an independent clade located at the basal node of.the phylogenetic tree. Chirita sect. Liebigia is closely related to Didymocarpus with an entire stigma unlike other species of.Chirita. The species of.Chirita sect. Gibbosaccus, Chiritopsis, Primulina, and Wentsaiboea f.rm a monophyletic group that is sister to a strongly supported clade comprising f.ur monotypic genera Paralagarosolen, Calcareoboea, Petrocodon, and Tengia. We f.rther analyzed the morphological evolution of.Chirita and identif.ed a series of.morphological synapomorphies f.r the monophyletic groups revealed herein, and thereby provide a taxonomic treatment in this study.

关键词： Chirita D. Don morphological evolution phylogenetic reconstruction polyphyly taxonomic treatment.

Using potential distributions to explore environmental correlates of.bat species richness in southern Af.ica： Ef.ects of.model selection and taxonomy

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 279-293页

作者： M. Corrie SCHOEMAN f. P. D. (Woody) COTTERILL Peter j. TAYLOR Ara MONADj.M School of.Lif. Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4000 South Africa Af.ica Earth Observatory Network (AEON) Geoecodynamics Research Hub c/o Department of Botany and Zoology University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa Department of.Ecology and Resource Management School of Environmental Sciences University of Venda Thohoyandou 0950 South Africa All Out Af.ica Research Unit Department of Biological Sciences University of Swaziland Private Bag 4 Kwaluseni Swaziland Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology & Entomology University of Pretoria Private Bag 20 Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa

We tested the prediction that at coarse spatial scales, variables associated with climate, energy, and productivity hy- potheses should be better predictor（s） of.bat species richness than those associated with environmental heterogeneity. Distribution ranges of.64 bat species were estimated with niche-based models inf.rmed by 3629 verif.ed museum specimens. The inf.uence of.environmental correlates on bat richness was assessed using ordinary least squares regression （OLS）, simultaneous autoregressive models （SAR）, conditional autoregressive models （CAR）, spatial eigenvector-based f.ltering models （SEVM）, and Classif.cation and Regression Trees （CART）. To test the assumption of.stationarity, Geographically Weighted Regression （GWR） was used. Bat species richness was highest in the eastern parts of.southern Af.ica, particularly in central Zimbabwe and along the western border of.Mozambique. We f.und support f.r the predictions of.both the habitat heterogeneity and climate/productivity/energy hypothe- ses, and as we expected, support varied among bat f.milies and model selection. Richness patterns and predictors of.Miniopteridae and Pteropodidae clearly dif.ered f.om those of.other bat f.milies. Altitude range was the only independent variable that was sig- nif.cant in all models and it was most of.en the best predictor of.bat richness. Standard coef.icients of.SAR and CAR models were similar to those of.OLS models, while those of.SEVM models dif.ered. Although GWR indicated that the assumption of.stationa- rity was violated, the CART analysis corroborated the f.ndings of.the curve-f.tting models. Our results identif. where additional data on current species ranges, and f.ture conservation action and ecological work are needed.

关键词： Chiroptera Macroecology Niche-based models Spatial models Species richness