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t.e effect. of gonadal hormones on learning and memory in male mammals： A review

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Current.Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 543-558页

作者： stuart t. LEONARD Pet.r j. WINSAUER Depart.ent.of Pharmacology and Experiment.l t.erapeut.cs Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center 1901 Perdido Street New Orleans LA 70112-1393

t.e primary role of t.e gonadal st.roid hormones in mammals is t. regulat. reproduct.on and relat.d behaviors; however, bot. androgens and est.ogens are also int.grally involved in mediat.ng higher brain funct.on and processes including cognit.on, neural development. and neural plast.cit.. In part.cular, a number of st.dies show t.at.est.adiol modulat.s dendrit.c spine growt. and synapse densit. （synapt.c plast.cit.） in t.e hippocampus of females, and t.at.increased est.adiol levels are generally associat.d wit. improvement. on a variet. of learning and memory t.sks. While t.e maj.rit. of research has focused on t.e beneficial effect. of est.adiol in females, much less at.ent.on has been given t. t.st.st.rone and it. effect. on learning and memory in males. Similar t. est.adiol t.t.rs in females, t.st.st.rone t.t.rs in males decline wit. age, albeit.more gradually, and t.is decline has been correlat.d wit. impairment.of cert.in cognit.ve t.sks. Moreover, st.dies involving bot. humans and animals indicat. t.at.t.st.st.rone and it. met.bolit.s can augment.responding on cert.in behavioral t.sks, depending on t.e subj.ct.s current.hormonal st.t., t.e response required, and t.e st.muli involved （e.g., t.ose involving spat.al or nonspat.al st.muli）. While t.e exact.mechanisms by which t.st.st.rone exert. it. effect. on learning and memory are not.fully underst.od, recent.findings suggest.t.at.t.st.st.rone modulat.s learning and memory in males t.rough an int.ract.on wit. t.e cholinergic syst.m. t.e overall obj.ct.ve of t.is review is t. discuss st.dies invest.gat.ng t.e role of t.e gonadal hormones in mediat.ng learning and memory processes in male mammals [Current.Zoology 57 （4）： 543-558, 2011].

关键词： t.st.st.rone Learning and memory Cholinergic syst.m Mammals Cognit.on Androgens

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流动稳定性及转捩(特约稿)

力学进展 1984年第2期 147-159页

作者： j.t.stuart 周恒帝国学院

1.概述从层流向湍流转捩这一现象的研究有很长的历史,主要是从英国曼彻斯特大学的Reynolds在1883年的早期工作开始的,但也可以从更早的时间算起。我们知道,层流(有规则的及有光滑流线的)可以通过流动的Navier-St.kes方程计算,有时也能... 详细信息

1.概述从层流向湍流转捩这一现象的研究有很长的历史,主要是从英国曼彻斯特大学的Reynolds在1883年的早期工作开始的,但也可以从更早的时间算起。我们知道,层流(有规则的及有光滑流线的)可以通过流动的Navier-St.kes方程计算,有时也能从实验观察到,但

关键词：临界雷诺数湍流边界层湍流附面层二次流流动稳定性

Unst.ady Int.rnal Flow Condit.ons of Mini-Cent.ifugal Pump wit. Split.er Blades

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j.urnal of t.ermal Science 2013年第1期22卷 86-91页

作者： t. Shigemit.u j. Fukut.mi K. Kaj. t. Wada Inst.t.t. of t.chnology and Science The University of Tokushima Graduat. School of Advanced t.chnology and Science The University of Tokushima

Mini cent.ifugal pumps having a diamet.r smaller t.an lOOmm are employed in many fields. But.t.e design met.od for t.e mini cent.ifugal pump is not.est.blished because t.e int.rnal flow condit.on for t.ese small-sized fluid machines is not.clarified and convent.onal t.eory is not.suit.ble for small-sized pumps. t.erefore, mini cen- t.ifugal pumps wit. simple st.uct.re were invest.gat.d by t.is research. Split.er blades were adopt.d in t.is re- search t. improve t.e performance and t.e int.rnal flow condit.on of mini cent.ifugal pump which had large blade out.et.angle. t.e original impeller wit.out.t.e split.er blades and t.e impeller wit. t.e split.er blades were prepared for experiment. t.e performance t.st. are conduct.d wit. t.ese rot.rs in order t. invest.gat. t.e effect.of t.e split.er blades on performance and int.rnal flow condit.on of mini cent.ifugal pump. On t.e ot.er hand, a t.ree dimensional unst.ady numerical flow analysis was conduct.d t. invest.gat. t.e change of t.e int.rnal flow according t. t.e rot.r rot.t.on. It.is clarified from t.e experiment.l result. t.at.t.e performance of t.e mini cen- t.ifugal pump is improved by t.e split.er blades. t.e blade-t.-blade low velocit. region was suppressed in t.e case wit. t.e split.er blades. In addit.on t. t.at. t.e unst.ady flows near t.e volut. casing t.ngue were suppressed due t. t.e split.er blades. In t.e present.paper, t.e performance of t.e mini cent.ifugal pump is shown and t.e un- st.ady flow condit.on is clarified wit. t.e result. of t.e numerical flow analysis. Furt.ermore, t.e effect. of t.e split.er blades on t.e performance and t.e unst.ady int.rnal flow condit.on are invest.gat.d.

关键词： Mini-cent.ifugal pump Unst.ady flow condit.on Performance Split.er blades

Performance Analysis of Mini Cent.ifugal Pump wit. Split.er Blades

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j.urnal of t.ermal Science 2013年第6期22卷 573-579页

作者： t. Shigemit.u j. Fukut.mi t. Wada H. Shinohara Inst.t.t. of t.chnology and Science The University of Tokushima 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho Tokushima 770-8506Japan Graduat. School of Advanced t.chnology and Science The University of Tokushima 2-1 Minamijosanjima-choTokushima 770-8506 Japan

Design met.od for a mini cent.ifugal pump is not.est.blished because t.e int.rnal flow condit.on for t.ese small-sized fluid machines is not.clarified and convent.onal t.eory is not.suit.ble for small-sized pumps. t.en, a semi-open impeller for t.e mini cent.ifugal pump wit. 55mm impeller diamet.r is adopt.d in t.is research t. t.ke simplicit. and maint.nance int. considerat.on. Split.er blades are adopt.d in t.is research t. improve t.e performance and int.rnal flow condit.on of mini cent.ifugal pump having large blade out.et.angle. t.e performance t.st. are conduct.d wit. t.ese rot.rs in order t. invest.gat. t.e effect.of t.e split.er blades on t.e performance and int.rnal flow condit.on of t.e mini cent.ifugal pump. A t.ree dimensional st.ady numerical flow analysis is conduct.d t. analyze rot.r, volut. efficiency and loss caused by a vort.x. It.is clarified from t.e experiment.l result. t.at.t.e performance of t.e mini cent.ifugal pump is improved by t.e effect.of t.e split.er blades. Flow condit.on at.out.et.of t.e rot.r becomes uniform and back flow regions are suppressed in t.e case wit. t.e split.er ***, t.e volut. efficiency increases and t.e vort.x loss decreases. In t.e present.paper, t.e performance of t.e mini cent.ifugal pump is shown and t.e flow condit.on is clarified wit. t.e result. of t.e experiment.and t.e numerical flow analysis. Furt.ermore, t.e performance analyses of t.e mini cent.ifugal pumps wit. and wit.out.t.e split.er blades are conduct.d.

关键词： Cent.ifugal pump Performance Int.rnal flow Split.er blade

Release, Recycle, Rebuild： Cell-Wall Remodeling, Aut.degradat.on, and Sugar Salvage for New Wall Biosynt.esis during Plant.Development

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 31-46页

作者： William j. Barnes Charles t. Anderson Depart.ent.of Biology Cent.r for Ugnocellulose St.uct.re and Format.on t.e Pennsylvania St.t. Universit. University Park PA 16802 USA

Plant.cell walls cont.in elaborat. polysaccharide net.orks and regulat. plant.growt., development. mechanics, cell-cell communicat.on and adhesion, and defense. Despit. conferring rigidit. t. support.plant.st.uct.res, t.e cell wall is a dynamic ext.acellular mat.ix t.at.is modified, reorganized, and degraded t. t.ght.y cont.ol it. propert.es during growt. and development. Far from being a t.rminal carbon sink, many wall polymers can be degraded and recycled by plant.cells, eit.er via direct.re-incorporat.on by t.ans- glycosylat.on or via int.rnalizat.on and met.bolic salvage of wall-derived sugars t. produce new precur- sors for wall synt.esis. However, t.e physiological and met.bolic cont.ibut.ons of wall recycling t. plant.growt. and development.are largely undefined. In t.is review, we discuss long-st.nding and recent.evi- dence support.ng t.e occurrence of cell-wall recycling in plant., make predict.ons regarding t.e develop- ment.l processes t. which wall recycling might.cont.ibut., and ident.fy out.t.nding quest.ons and emerging experiment.l t.ols t.at.might.be used t. address t.ese quest.ons and enhance our underst.nding of t.is poorly charact.rized aspect.of wall dynamics and met.bolism.

关键词： Plant.cell walls wall degradat.on wall recycling wall biosynt.esis

t.e impact.of macroalgae on mean and t.rbulent.flow fields

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j.urnal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第3期27卷 427-435页

作者： t.OMAS Robert.E. MCLELLAND stuart j. Depart.ent.of Geography Environment and Earth Sciences University of Hull

In t.is paper, we at.empt.t. quant.fy t.e mean and t.rbulent.flow fields around live macroalgae wit.in a t.dal inlet.in Norway. t.o Laminaria digit.t. specimens - 0.50 m apart.were select.d for det.iled st.dy and a profiling ADV was used t. collect.45 velocit. profiles, each composed of up t. seven 0.035 m-high profiles collect.d for 240 s at.100 Hz, at.a st.eamwise spacing of 0.25 m and cross-st.eam spacing of 0.20 m. t. quant.fy t.e impact.of t.e macroalgae, measurement. were repeat.d over a sparser grid aft.r t.e region had been complet.ly cleared of algae and maj.r roughness element..

关键词： dealiasing laminaria digit.t. t.rbulence vect.ino profiler velocit. profile

A novel process for sort.ng fine-sized sulphide minerals by biocoagulat.on

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2008年第6期18卷 1473-1479页

作者： H. Z. KUYUMCU j. PINKA t. BIELIG Depart.ent.of Mechanical Process Engineering and Solids Processing Technical University of Berlin Sekr. BH 11 Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany

基于一个过程设计想法，在柏林的技术大学的调查证实微生物的 biocoagulat.on 和稳固的粒子将是一个新方法产生对排序合适的更粗糙的粒子。微生物的选择 biocoagulat.on 的过程，分别地例如酵母喜欢 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 和 Yarrow... 详细信息

基于一个过程设计想法，在柏林的技术大学的调查证实微生物的 biocoagulat.on 和稳固的粒子将是一个新方法产生对排序合适的更粗糙的粒子。微生物的选择 biocoagulat.on 的过程，分别地例如酵母喜欢 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 和 Yarrowia lipolyt.ca，并且例如象方铅矿和闪锌矿一样的矿物质，微分散固体作为一个新奇排序过程的一个基础被分析了。因此，特别微生物的房间表面的特征例如静电的费用和细胞外的聚合物质的作文，以及他们对选择 biocoagulat.on 的影响被学习。在 10 m 下面的微生物和硫醚粒子有效地凝结的试验性的调查表演。而且，筹款对有选择地形成的 biocoagulat.s 的分离合适。与设计的列筹款，令人满意的恢复率被到达。

关键词：硫矿拣选生物凝固微生物

Vocal repert.ire of t.e New Zealand kea parrot.Nest.r not.bilis

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Current.Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 727-740页

作者： Raoul SCHWING stuart PARSONS Ximena j. NELSON School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand

t.e unique alpine-living kea parrot.Nest.r not.bilis has been t.e focus of numerous cognit.ve st.dies, but.it. com- municat.on syst.m has so far been largely neglect.d. We examined 2,884 calls recorded in New Zealand＇s Sout.ern Alps. Based on audio and visual spect.ographic differences, t.ese calls were cat.gorised int. seven dist.nct.call t.pes： t.e non-oscillat.ng ＇screech＇ cont.ct.call and ＇mew＇; and t.e oscillat.ng ＇t.ill＇, ＇chat.er＇, ＇warble＇ and ＇whist.e＇; and a hybrid ＇screech-t.ill＇. Most.of t.ese calls cont.ined aspect. t.at.were individually unique, in addit.on t. pot.nt.ally encoding for an individual＇s sex and age. Addit.onally, for each recording, t.e sender＇s previous and next.calls were not.d, as well as any response given by conspecifics. We found t.at.t.e previous and next.calls made by t.e sender were most.oft.n of t.e same t.pe, and t.at.t.e next.most.likely pre- ceding and/or following call t.pe was t.e screech call, a cont.ct.call which sounds like t.e ＇kee-ah＇ from which t.e bird＇s name derives. As a social bird capable of covering large dist.nces over visually obst.uct.ve t.rrain, long dist.nce cont.ct.calls may be of considerable import.nce for social cohesion. Cont.ct.calls allow kea t. locat. conspecifics and congregat. in t.mporary groups for social act.vit.es. t.e most.likely response t. any given call was a screech, usually followed by t.e same t.pe of call as t.e ini- t.al call made by t.e sender, alt.ough responses differed depending on t.e age of t.e caller. t.e except.on was t.e warble, t.e kea＇s play call, t. which t.e most.likely response was anot.er warble. Being t.e most.common call t.pe, as well as t.e default.response t. anot.er call, it.appears t.at.t.e ＇cont.gious＇ screech cont.ct.call plays a cent.al role in kea vocal communicat.on and social cohesion [Current.Zoology 58 （5）： 727-740, 2012].

关键词： Acoust.c signals Communicat.on Kea Psit.acidae Social behaviour Habit.t

St.dy of neut.on response for t.o hybrid RPC set.ps using t.e GEANt. MC simulat.on approach

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Chinese Physics C 2009年第10期33卷 887-891页

作者： M. j.mil j. t. Rhee Y. j. j.on Inst.t.t. for Advanced Physics Konkuk University Liquid Cryst.l Research Cent.r Konkuk University

t.e present.art.cle describes a det.iled neut.on simulat.on st.dy in t.e energy range 10^-10 MeV t. 1.0 GeV for t.o different.RPC configurat.ons. t.e simulat.on st.dies were t.ken by using t.e GEANt. MC code. Aluminum was ut.lized on t.e GND and readout.st.ips for t.e （a） Bakelit.-based and （b） glass-based RPCs. For t.e former t.pe of RPC set.p t.e neut.on sensit.vit. for t.e isot.opic source was Sn = 2.702 × 10^-2 at.En = 1.0 GeV, while for t.e lat.er t.pe of RPC, t.e neut.on sensit.vit. for t.e same source was evaluat.d as Sn = 4.049 × 10^-2 at.En = 1.0 GeV. t.ese result. were furt.er compared wit. t.e previous RPC configurat.on in which copper was used for ground and pickup pads. Addit.onally A1 was employed at.（GND＋st.ips） of t.e phosphat. glass RPC set.p and compared wit. t.e copper-based phosphat. glass RPC. Good agreement.wit. sensit.vit. values was obt.ined wit. t.e current.and previous simulat.on result..

关键词： resist.ve plat. chambers neut.on sensit.vit. GEANt. Mont. Carlo simulat.on