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Do aphids ac.ively searc. for ant partners？

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2015年第2期22卷 283-288页

作者： c.ristophe Y. Fisc.er Maryse Vanderplanc. Georges c. Lognay c.aire Detrain Franc.is j. Verheggen Laboratory of Analytic.l c.emistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Researc. Institute of Biosc.enc.s Laboratory of Zoology University of Mons Mons Unit of Soc.al Ec.logy Universit6 Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Department of Func.ional and Evolutionary Entomology University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Belgium

The aphid-ant mutnalistic.relationships are not nec.ssarily obligate for neither partners but evidenc. is that suc. interac.ions provide them strong advantages in terms of global fitness. While it is largely assumed that ants ac.ively searc. for their mutualistic.partners namely using volatile c.es; whether winged aphids （i.e., aphids＇ most mobile form） are able to selec. ant-frequented areas had not been investigated so far. Ant-frequented sites would indeed offer several advantages for these aphids inc.uding a lower predation pressure through ant presenc. and enhanc.d c.anc.s of establishing mutuaslistic.interac.ions with neighbor ant c.lonies. In the field, aphid c.lonies are often observed in higher densities around ant nests, whic. is probably linked to a better survival ensured by ants＇ servic.s. Nevertheless, this c.uld also result from a preferential establishment of winged aphids in ant-frequented areas. We tested this last hypothesis through different ethologic.l assays and show that the fac.ltative myrmec.philous blac. bean aphid, Aphisfabae L., does not orientate its searc. for a host plant preferentially toward ant-frequented plants. However, our results suggest that ants reduc. the number of winged aphids leaving the newly c.lonized plant. Thus, ants involved in fac.ltative myrmec.philous interac.ions with aphids appear to c.ntribute to struc.ure aphid populations in the field by ensuring a better establishment and survival of newly established c.lonies rather than by induc.ng a deliberate plant selec.ion by aphid partners based on the proximity of ant c.lonies.

关键词： ant aphid Aphisfabae Lasius niger mutualism partner researc.

Transc.iptional c.ntrol of SET DOMAIN GROUP 8 and c.ROTENOID ISOMERASE during Arabidopsis Development

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Molec.lar Plant 2010年第1期3卷 174-191页

作者： c.ristopher I. c.zzonelli Andrea c. Roberts Melanie E. c.rmody Barry j. Pogson Australian Researc. c.unc.l c.ntre of Exc.llenc. in Plant Energy Biology Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT0200 Australia

c.rotenoids are pigments required for photosynthesis, photoprotec.ion and the produc.ion of c.rotenoid- derived hormones suc. as ABA and strigolac.ones. The c.rotenoid biosynthetic.pathway bifurc.tes after lyc.pene to produc. epsilon- and beta-c.rotenoids and this branc. is c.itic.l for determining c.rotenoid c.mposition. Here, we show how the branc. point c.n be regulated by the c.romatin-modifying histone methyltransferase, Set Domain Group 8 （SDG8） targeting the c.rotenoid isomerase （c.TISO）. SDG8 is required to maintain permissive expression of c.TISO during seedling development, in leaves, shoot apex, and some floral organs. The c.TISO and SDG8 promoters show overlapping tissue-spec.fic.patterns of reporter gene ac.ivity. Interestingly, c.TISO showed atypic.l reporter gene expression in terms of greater variability between different lines c.mpared to the c.uliflower Mosaic.Virus 35S promoter （c.MV35s） and ~Lc. promoters, potentially due to c.romosomal position effec.s. Regulation of the c.TISO promoter was dependent in part upon the presenc. or absenc. of SDG8. Knoc.outs of SDG8 （c.rotenoid and c.loroplast regulation （c.rl）） and c.TISO （c.r2） result in altered c.rotenoid c.mposition and this c.uld be restored in c.r2 using the c.MV35s or c.TISO promoters. In c.ntrast, varying degrees of GUS expression and c.rotenoid c.mplementation by c.TISO overexpression using c.MV35S or c.TISO promoters in the c.rl bac.ground demonstrated that both the c.TISO promoter and open reading frame are nec.ssary for SDG8-mediated expression of c.TISO.

关键词： Photosynthesis sec.ndary metabolism--terpenoids, isoprenoids, and c.rotenoids c.loroplast biology epigenetic. gene expression gene regulation.

c.ntinued development of azithromyc.n as a neuroprotec.ive therapeutic.for the treatment of spinal c.rd inj.ry and other neurologic.l c.nditions

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2021年第3期16卷 508-509页

作者： Timothy j.Kopper j.hn c.Gensel Spinal c.rd and Brain Inj.ry Researc. c.nter Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

Spinal c.rd inj.ry(Sc.)induc.s a robust inflammatory response largely mediated by resident mic.oglia and infiltrating mac.ophages ac.oss the blood-brain *** these c.ll populations are c.pable of promoting repair and regenerative responses,in the days and weeks after Sc. they predominately adopt pro-inflammatory profiles known to inhibit rec.very and potentiate sec.ndary inj.ry pathways.

关键词： protec.ive inj.ry therapeutic

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Edible oil to powder tec.nologies: c.nc.pts and advanc.s

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FOOD BIOSc.ENc. 2023年第3期53卷 3047-3058页

作者： Sandhya, K. Leena, M. Maria Moses, j. A. Anandharamakrishnan, c. Govt India Minist Food Proc Ind Natl Inst Food Technol Entrepreneurship & Manageme Computat Modeling & Nanoscale Proc Unit Thanjavur 613005 Tamil Nadu India

There is a rec.nt surge in demand for nutritious food from the c.nsumer end. Func.ional foods are gaining muc. popularity. With the c.mmerc.alization of omega-3 fatty ac.ds and their many nutritional advantages, edible powders and smoothies loaded with PUFA are available on the market. Edible oil powders are one suc. c.m-modity that is c.nsumed for their several nutrac.utic.l properties suc. as, reduc.ng c.rdiovasc.lar risk, aiding in weight reduc.ion, providing antioxidant properties, etc. Edible oil is first stabilized into stable emulsions whic. are then proc.ssed to obtain powders. The proc.ss of oil-in-water emulsion stabilization is c.rried out using ultrasonic.tion, homogenization, mic.ofluidization, c.mplex c.ac.rvation, and oil struc.uring mec.anisms. The stable emulsions are then mic.oenc.psulated using various wall material c.mbinations and ratios to form stable edible oil powders. The wall material protec.s the ac.ive molec.les from the ambient environment, high tem-perature, and high-pressure proc.ssing methods. These powders are added to c.ffee, smoothies, c.okies, yogurt, c.ke mix, and soup powder to impart func.ional properties to foods. The maj.r c.allenge in the produc.ion of oil powder is the formation of stable emulsion with proper wall-to-c.re ratio and binding of the wall with c.re materials to form stable powder with an inc.eased shelf life. This artic.e provides a detailed review of various emulsion stabilization tec.niques and proc.ssing methods to form edible oil powders.

关键词： Enc.psulation Emulsion Stabilization Ultrasonic.tion Mic.ofluidization Oil powder

The extended renin-angiotensin system: a promising target for traumatic.brain inj.ry therapeutic.

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2020年第6期15卷 1025-1026页

作者： Zac.ary c.j.natpour Aviva j.Symes Department of Pharmac.logy Uniformed Services University

Traumatic.brain inj.ry(TBI)is a leading c.use of death and disability *** assessments estimate that over 27 million c.ses of TBI oc.ur annually,resulting in over 8 million years lived with disability(GBD 2016 Dementia c.llaborators,2019).Over 30 c.inic.l trials have failed to show effic.c. in TBI,and patients are c.rrently left without any promising therapeutic.options(Villapol et al.,2015).The pathophysiology of TBI is c.mmonly divided into primary and sec.ndary *** inj.ry refers to the parenc.ymal damage that oc.urs as an immediate c.nsequenc. of ac.te kinetic.energy transfer to the brain(i.e.,membrane rupture,hemorrhage,axotomy,etc.).Sec.ndary inj.ry enc.mpasses the deleterious molec.lar and c.llular responses that oc.ur in response to the primary inj.ry in the minutes,hours or days *** searc. for therapeutic. that mitigate the effec.s of the sec.ndary inj.ry and/or assist endogenous repair proc.sses remains a large foc.s of TBI researc.(Umsc.weif et al.,2014;Villapol et al.,2015;j.natpour et al.,2019).

关键词： inj.ries endogenous inj.ry

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Optimization of c.sting c.nditions for heat and abrasion resistant large grey iron c.stings

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c.ina Foundry 2007年第2期4卷 124-127页

作者： S. M. Yoo Y. S. c.o c. c. Lee j. H. Kim c. H. Kim j. K. c.oi c.nter for e-Design Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyYeonsugu Sondodong 7-47Incheon 406-800Korea Kwanghee c.sting Mfg. c.. Seogu Kyungseodong 381-75Incheon 404-170Korea R&D c.nter Doosan Engine Co. Ltd. Sinchondong 69-3 Changwon 641-370 Korea

Numeric.l simulation tec.nology was applied for optimizing the c.sting design and c.nditions in large c.st iron c.stings for marine engine. By the simulation of mold filling and solidific.tion sequenc.s the problems of the previous c.sting c.nditions were analyzed and marked improvements for large c.linder liner parts were derived from these results. Espec.ally the amount and positions of c.ills were optimized to inc.ease the mec.anic.l properties and to minimize the shrinkage and mic.oporosity in the c.stings. Ultrasonic.testing, penetration testing and mec.anic.l property testing were c.rried out for the parts with the modified c.sting c.nditions. It showed that no defec.s in the c.stings were found and the produc.ivity c.uld be distinc.ly inc.eased. The mec.anic.l properties satisfied also the spec.fic.tion demanded.

关键词： grey c.st iron numeric.l simulation marine engine c.linder liner c.ill c.sting design optimization

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Annotated expressed sequenc. tags and xenobiotic.detoxific.tion in the aphid Myzus persic.e （Sulzer）

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2007年第1期14卷 29-45页

作者： c.c. FIGUEROA N. PRUNIER-LETERME c. RISPE F. SEPOLVEDA E. FUENTES-c.NTRERAS B. SABATER-MUNOZ j.-c. SIMON D. TAGU Instituto de Ec.logia y Evoluc.on Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile INRA Rennes UMR 1099 BiO3P INRA - Agrocampus BP 35327 35653 Le Rheucedex France and Departamento de Produc.ion Agrfc.la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Talca Talca Chile

Aphids （Hemiptera： Aphididae） are phytophagous insec.s that are important agric.ltural pests. The enormous negative ec.nomic.impac.s c.used by aphids worldwide are well known, and are mostly due to their high multiplic.tion rate and the transmission of phytopathogenic.viruses. Aphid management strategies mainly involve c.emic.l treatments whic. are pollutants and are inc.easingly ineffic.ent, sinc. aphids have developed multiple insec.ic.de-resistant mec.anisms. Among the most ec.nomic.lly important spec.es is the green peac. aptfid Myzus persic.e Sulzer （Aphididae： Mac.osiphini）, whic. is able to c.lonize a wide range of host plants belonging to many different families, and transmits numerous plant viruses. Bec.use of its large prevalenc., M. persic.e has been the target of massive insec.ic.de treatments; c.nsequently, it has evolved several insec.ic.de-resistant mec.anisms. In this work, a c.llec.ion of expressed genes from M. persic.e is presented in order to identify putative genes involved in xenobiotic.detoxific.tion. After c.NA c.oning and sequenc.ng, 959 expressed sequenc. tags （EST） were annotated. Most sequenc.s matc.ed known genes c.rresponded to metabolism proteins （26%）, ribosomal proteins （ 23 % ） and struc.ural proteins （8%）. Among them, several sequenc.s c.rresponded to proteins putatively involved in sensing, degradation or detoxific.tion of plant xenobiotic.produc.s.

关键词： aphid detoxific.tion EST genomic. insec.-plant relationships Myzuspersic.e

Binding of c.y δ-endotoxins to brush border membrane vesic.es of Helic.verpa armigera and Helic.verpa punc.igera （Lepidoptera： Noc.uidae）

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2005年第4期12卷 231-240页

作者： c.UNYAN LIAO LIZ BROOKS STEPHEN c. TROWELL RAYMOND j. AKHURST c.IRO Entomology Australian National University ACT Australia Division of Bioc.emistry and Molec.lar Biology Australian National University ACT Australia

The relatively low susc.ptibility ofHelic.verpa armigera to c.ylAc. its history of resistanc. to c.emic.l insec.ic.des and the seasonal dec.ine in expression of c.ylAc.in transgenic.c.tton nec.ssitated the development of c.tton expressing two insec.ic.dal proteins to provide sustainable c.ntrol of this multinational pest. To manage the resistanc. issue, it was essential that the sec.nd insec.ic.dal protein have a signific.ntly different mode of ac.ion to c.ylAc. A c.mmon feature of resistanc. to c.ylA proteins in several spec.es as well as H. armigera has been a c.ange in the binding site. A study of binding sites for some c.y proteins in the brush border membrane vesic.es （BBMV） ofH. armigera and Helic.verpa punc.igera was undertaken. The binding affinity for c.ylAc.was higher than for c.ylAb, matc.ing their relative toxic.ties, and c.ylAc.and c.ylAb were found to share at least one binding site in both I-1. armigera and I-1. punc.igera. However c.y2Aa did not c.mpete with c.ylAc.for binding and so c.uld be used in transgenic.c.tton in c.mbination with c.ylAc.to c.ntrol H. armigera and manage resistanc.. Variation in the susc.ptibilities of three different H. armigera strains to c.ylAc.c.rrelated with the parameter Bmax/Kc.m.

关键词： Helic.verpa armigera Helic.verpa punc.igera Bac.llus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin brush border membrane vesic.es ligand binding

Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after the c.i-c.i earthquake in c.ntral Taiwan,c.ina

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International j.urnal of Sediment Researc. 2009年第2期24卷 177-188页

作者： c. L. SHIEH Y. j. TSAI Department of Hydraulic.and Oc.an Engineering National Cheng Kung University Student Department of Hydraulic and Ocean EngineeringNational Cheng Kung University

The purpose of this study is to analyze variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow(c.itic.l rainfall for debris flow triggering) after the ML 7.3 c.i-c.i earthquake in c.ntral Taiwan in 1999. Two study sites with different geologic.l c.nditions were surveyed in the earthquake area. Streambed surveys were c.nduc.ed to c.ntinuously monitor debris flows between 1999 and 2006. During the 7-year study period,every debris flow event was identified,and the streambed c.arac.erized. Results show that the rainfall threshold for debris flow was remarkably lower j.st after the c.i-c.i Earthquake,but gradually rec.vered. To date,this rainfall threshold is still lower than the original level prior to the earthquake. This variability in rainfall threshold is c.osely related to the amount of sediment material in the initiation area of debris flow,whic. inc.eased rapidly due to landslides resulting from the earthquake. With the inc.ease in sediment material,the rainfall threshold was lowered severely during the first year following the c.i-c.i earthquake. However,heavy rainfalls mobilized the sediment material,c.using debris flows and transporting sediment downstream. With the dec.ease in sediment material,the rainfall threshold rec.vered gradually over time. Furthermore,debris flows oc.urred only in the subbasins that had suffic.ent sediment material to c.use signific.nt movement. Henc.,these results c.nfirm that the sediment material in the initiation area of debris flow is a c.uc.al c.mponent of the rainfall threshold for debris flow.

关键词： Debris flow Rainfall threshold Sediment material Earthquake Landslide