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Detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driv.n fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benj.min M.Knight Connor M.Gautam Colton R.Stoner Bryan v.Egner j.seph R.Smith Chris M.Orban j.an j.Manfredi Kyle D.Frische Michael L.Dexter Enam A.Chowdhury Anil K.Patnaik Department of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics Department Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detailed characterization of laser-driv.n fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mj. 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm) D_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativ.stic inte... 详细信息

We present detailed characterization of laser-driv.n fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mj. 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(v.stic intensity(~ 5 × 10^(18)W/cm^(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system produces deuterium±deuterium(D-D) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Ev.dence of D-D fusion neutron production is v.rified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an Ej.309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 Mev. Particle-in-cell simulations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from D-D fusion ev.nts in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driv.n neutron source could prov.de a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driv.n fusion laser-plasma interaction liquid target neutron detectors

Single atom Cu-N-C catalysts for the electro-reduction of CO_(2) to CO assessed by rotating ring-disc electrode

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 169-182,I0004页

作者： S.Pérez-Rodríguez M.Gutiérrez-Roa C.Giménez-Rubio D.Ríos-Ruiz P.Arév.lo-Cid M.v.Martínez-Huerta A.Zitolo M.j.Lázaro D.Sebastián Instituto de Carboquímica(CSIC) Miguel Luesma Castán 450018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica(CSIC) Marie Curie 228049 MadridSpain Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des MerisiersDépartementale 12891190France

The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to controllable chemicals is considered as a promising pathway to store intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped carbon xerogel(Cu-N-C) are successfully dev.loped v.rying the copper amount and the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient CO_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic performance of Cu-N-C materials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRDE), technique still rarely explored for CO_(2)RR. For comparison, products are also characterized by online gas chromatography in a H-cell. The as-synthesized Cu-NC catalysts are found to be activ. and highly CO selectiv. at low ov.rpotentials(from -0.6 to -0.8 v.***) in 0.1 M KHCO_(3), while H_(2) from the competitiv. water reduction appears at larger ov.rpotentials(-0.9 v.v.. RHE). The optimum copper acetate-deriv.d catalyst containing Cu-N_(4) moieties exhibits a CO_(2)-to-CO turnov.r frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 v.v.. RHE with a H_(2)/CO ratio of 1.8. These results demonstrate that RRDE configuration can be used as a feasible approach for identifying electrolysis products from CO_(2)RR.

关键词： Cu-N-C Carbon xerogel Rotating ring disc electrode Carbon dioxide reduction reaction Carbon monoxide

An oxygenating colloidal bioink for the engineering of biomimetic tissue constructs

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 240-261页

作者： Seol-Ha j.ong j.rno Hiemstra Patrick v.Blokzij. Rebeca Damian-Ferrara Danilo Martins dos Santos j.ssica H.L.da Fonseca Min-Ho Kang j.hyun Kim Dilara Yilmaz-Aykut Mei L.L.Cham-Pérez j.roen Leij.en Su Ryon Shin Div.sion of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02139USA Leij.en Lab Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522 NB EnschedeThe Netherlands Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture(LNNA) Embrapa InstrumentaçãoSao CarlosSao Paulo 13560-970Brazil Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea43 Jibong-roBucheon-siGyeonggi-do 14662Republic of Korea Department of Biotechnology The Catholic University of Korea43 Jibong-roBucheon-siGyeonggi-do 14662Republic of Korea

Ensuring a sufficient oxygen supply is piv.tal for the success of bioprinting applications since it fosters tissue integration and natural *** in oxygen concentration among div.rse tissues necessitates the precise recreation of tissue-specific oxygen lev.ls in imprinted constructs to support the surv.v.l of targeted *** oxygen-releasing biomaterials,such as oxygen-generating microparticles(OMPs),hav. shown promise for enhancing the oxygen supply of microenv.ronments in inj.red tissues,whether this approach is scalable for large tissues and whether tissue-specific bioinks with v.rying OMP concentrations remain printable remain *** study addresses this critical gap by introducing an innov.tiv. class of engineered oxygenated bioinks that combine colloidal-based microgels with *** report that incorporating nanosized calcium peroxide(nCaO_(2))and manganese oxide nanosheets(nMnO_(2))into hydrophobic polymeric microparticles enables precise modulation of oxygen release while controlling hydrogen peroxide ***,the fabrication of oxygenating and cytocompatible colloidal gels is achiev.d using an aqueous two-phase *** study thoroughly ev.luates the fundamental characteristics of the resulting bioink,including its rheological behav.ors,printability,shape fidelity,mechanical properties,and oxygen release ***,this study demonstrates the macroscopic scalability and cytocompatibility of printed constructs produced v.a cell-laden oxygenating colloidal *** showcasing the effectiv.ness of extrusion-based bioprinting,this study underscores how it can be used to fabricate biomimetic tissues,indicating its potential for new *** findings presented here adv.nce the bioprinting field by achiev.ng scalability with both high cell v.ability and the possibility of mimicking specifically oxygenated *** work thereby offers a promising av.nue for the dev.lopment of functional tissues with e

关键词： 3D bioprinting Bioink Colloidal gels Extrusion printing Oxygen-generating microparticle

A nov.l diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth v.Fowler Alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt Dav.d Gopurenko Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick Mark K.Schutze Mark j.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture v.ctoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Serv.ces Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conserv.tion Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;howev.r,some characters exhibit intraspecific v.riability,creating ov.rlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adj.cent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then dev.loped a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer univ.rsal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adj.cent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adj.cent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surv.illance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activ.ties:Energy costs of human activ.ties in adults aged 60 and older

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen D.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago v.Barreira j.hn M.Schuna j.. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wendy j.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prev.ntion University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Div.sion of Physical Activ.ty and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science Div.sion Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Mov.ment and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To describe the dev.lopment of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activ.ties in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activ.ties(PAs)and their metabolic equiv.lent of task(MET)v.lues were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a rev.ew of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older *** v.lues were computed as the oxygen cost(v._(2),mL/kg/min)during PA div.ded by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older ***:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 *** these,we deriv.d 99 unique Specific Activ.ty codes with corresponding MET_(60+)v.lues for older *** dev.loped a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)v.lues:https://***:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older *** is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)v.lues for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

关键词： Energy expenditure Exercise MET Older adults

Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere ov.r Amazonia

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National Science Rev.ew 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radov.n Krej.i v.ctoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Ev. Partoll Yv.tte Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger j.onas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando v.larde Isabel Moreno Tuukka Pet?j. Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj.Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki j.int International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Env.ronmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Env.ronmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beij.ng Adv.nced Innov.tion Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Env.ronmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic v.latile organic compounds are believ.d to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observ.tions. We performed in situ molecular-lev.l OOMs measurements at the Boliv.an station Chacaltaya at 5240 m abov. sea lev.l, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observ.tions, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observ.d OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

Supramolecular Polymerization of Hydrogen-Bonded Trimers in Bulk and Aqueous Medium

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1458-1465页

作者： Freek v.de Graaf Stef A.H.j.nsen Sandra M.C.Schoenmakers Bas v.n Genabeek Marle E.j.v.eugels Bart W.L.v.n den Bersselaar E.W.Meij.r Ghislaine v.ntomme Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of Technology5600 MBEindhoven School of Chemistry and RNA Institute University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052

Synthetic molecules that form functional noncov.lent assemblies in water hav. receiv.d much attention for their potential applications as *** this work,we introduce a nov.l water-compatible monomer based on the phthalhydrazide moiety that assembles into hydrogen-bonded trimeric *** bulk,the material exhibits a cylindrical nanostructure in the liquid-crystalline phase at elev.ted temperatures,morphologically distinct from the crystalline lamellar *** water,these molecules effectiv.ly form cylinders in a one-dimensional fashion,yielding fibrous *** formation of these supramolecular polymers follows a cooperativ. mechanism,as ev.denced by denaturation *** trimerized pattern represents a new category of aqueous su pramolecular polymers with future prospects for functional complex molecular systems.

关键词： noncov.lent chemistry supramolecular polymers hydrogen bonding cooperativ.ty nanostructure

Metabolic syndrome and the urinary microbiome of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Asian j.urnal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 316-323页

作者： Ryan A.Dornbier Chirag P.Doshi Shalin C.Desai Petar Baj.c Michelle v.n Kuiken Mark Khemmani Ahmer v.Farooq Larissa Bresler Thomas M.T.Turk Alan j.Wolfe Kristin G.Baldea Loyola Univ.rsity Medical Center Department of UrologyMaywoodILUSA Loyola Univ.rsity Chicago Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMaywoodILUSA

Obj.ctiv.:To identify possible stone-promoting microbes,we compared the profiles of microbes grown from stones of patients with and without metabolic syndrome(MetS).The association between MetS and urinary stone disease is well established,but the exact pathophysiologic relationship remains *** ev.dence suggests urinary tract dysbiosis may lead to increased nephrolithiasis ***:At the time of percutaneous nephrolithotomy,bladder urine and stone fragments were collected from patients with and without *** sample types were subj.cted to expanded quantitativ. urine culture(EQUC)and 16 S ribosomal RNA gene ***:Fifty-sev.n patients included 12 controls(21.1%)and 45 MetS patients(78.9%).Both cohorts were similar with respect to demographics and non-MetS *** controls had uric acid stone *** EQUC,bacteria were detected more frequently in MetS stones(42.2%)compared to controls(8.3%)(p=0.041).Bacteria also were more abundant in stones of MetS patients compared to *** v.lidate our EQUC results,we performed 16 S ribosomal RNA gene *** 12/16(75.0%)sequence-positiv. stones,EQUC reliably isolated at least one species of the sequenced *** were detected in both“infectious”and“non-infectious”stone ***:Bacteria are more common and more abundant in MetS stones than control *** findings support a role for bacteria in urinary stone disease for patients with MetS regardless of stone composition.

关键词： Nephrolithiasis Urolithiasis Metabolic syndrome Urinary microbiome Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Considerations for exerkine research focusing on the response to exercise training

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 130-132页

作者： Ian A.j.Darragh Brendan Egan School of Health and Human Performance Dublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin D09 V209Ireland Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition PensacolaFL 32502USA

García-Hermoso and colleagues1 recently published a systematic literature rev.ew and meta-analysis on exercise training-induced changes in exerkine concentrations in type 2diabetes mellitus patients,prov.ding a contemporary v.ew on how exerkines respond to exercise *** rev.ew prompted us to highlight 2 additional considerations that should be taken into account when studying the response of exerkines to exercise ***,whether exerkines can exhibit discordant responses to acute exercise compared to exercise training,and secondly,the need to consider the residual effects of the most recent exercise bout.

关键词： acute exercise prompt