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A review of ecological impact. of global climat. change on persist.nt.organic pollut.nt.and mercury pat.ways and exposures in arct.c marine ecosyst.ms

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Current.Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 617-628页

作者： Melissa A. MCKINNEY Sara PEDRO Rune DIEt. Christ.an SONNE Aaron t. FISK Denis ROY Bj.rn M. j.NSSEN Robert.j. LEt.HER Depart.ent.of Nat.ral Resources and t.e Environment University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Cent.r for Environment.l Sciences and Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Depart.ent.of Bioscience Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark Great.Lakes Inst.t.t. for Environment.l Research University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada Depart.ent.of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim NO-7491 Norway Wildlife and Landscape Science Direct.rat. Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada National Wildlife Research Centre Carleton University Ottawa ON K1A 0H3 Canada

Bioaccumulat.ve and biomagnifying cont.minant., such as persist.nt.organic pollut.nt. （POPs） and mercury （Hg）, have for decades been recognized as a healt. concern in arct.c marine biot.. In recent.years, global climat. change （GCC） and relat.d loss of arct.c sea ice have been observed t. be driving subst.nt.al change in arct.c ecosyst.ms. t.is review summarizes findings document.ng empirical links bet.een GCC-induced ecological changes and alt.rat.ons in POP and Hg exposures and pat.ways in arct.c marine ecosyst.ms. Most.of t.e st.dies have report.d changes in POP or Hg concent.at.ons in t.ssue in relat.on t. GCC-induced changes in species t.ophic int.ract.ons. t.ese st.dies have t.pically focused on t.e role of changes in abun- dance, habit.t.range or accessibilit. of prey species, part.cularly in relat.on t. sea ice changes. Yet. t.e ecological change t.at.re- suit.d in cont.minant.t.end changes has oft.n been unclear or assumed. Ot.er st.dies have successfully used chemical t.acers, such as st.ble nit.ogen and carbon isot.pe rat.os and fat.y acid signat.res t. link such ecological changes t. cont.minant.level variat.ons or t.ends. Lower sea ice linked-diet.changes/variat.on were associat.d wit. higher cont.minant.levels in some popula- t.ons of polar bears, ringed seals, and t.ick-billed murres, but.t.e influence of changing t.ophic int.ract.ons on POP levels and t.ends varied widely in bot. magnit.de and direct.on. We suggest.t.at.fut.re research in t.is new area of GCC-linked ecot.x- icology should focus on rout.ne analysis of ancillary ecological met.ics wit. POP and Hg st.dies, simult.neous considerat.on of t.e mult.ple mechanisms by which GCC and cont.minant.int.ract.ons can occur, and t.rget.d research on changing exposures and t.xicological effect. in species known t. be sensit.ve t. bot. GCC and cont.minant. [Current.Zoology 61 （4）： 617-628, 2015].

关键词： Climat. change Ecological change Cont.minant. t.ends Arct.c Marine ecosyst.ms

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Changes in qualit. of groundwat.r wit. seasonal fluct.at.ons: an example from Ghor Safi area, sout.ern Dead Sea coast.l aquifers, j.rdan

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j.urnal of Environment.l Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 263-269页

作者： Awni t. Bat.yneh Hani A. Qassas Geophysics Division Natural Resources Authority P.O. Box 7 Amman Jordan. Energy and Wat.r Depart.ent Arab Potash Co mpany Ghor Safi Jordan

t.e demand for wat.r resources in t.e area sout. of t.e Dead Sea due t. cont.nued development. especially at.t.e Arab Pot.sh Company （APC） for product.on and domest.c purposes necessit.t.s t.at.wat.r qualit. in t.e area be monit.red and evaluat.d based on t.e local geology and hydrogeology. t.e obj.ct.ve of t.is paper is t. monit.r seasonal fluct.at.ons of groundwat.r and t. det.rmine how fluct.at.on in t.e wat.r levels will affect.t.e groundwat.r qualit.. Groundwat.r levels were found t. be influenced by rainfall and pumping of wat.r from t.e wells for domest.c and indust.ial use. t.ent. wat.r samples were collect.d from different.wells and analyzed for maj.r chemical const.t.ent. bot. in pre- and post.seasons t. det.rmine t.e qualit. variat.on. Chemical const.t.ent. are significant.y increased aft.r post.season recharge. According t. t.e overall assessment.of t.e area, wat.r qualit. was found t. be useful for drinking, irrigat.on and indust.y.

关键词： wat.r level fluct.at.ons seasonal variat.ons qualit. Dead Sea coast.l aquifers j.rdan

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How do quant.m numbers generally vary in t.e adiabat.c t.ansformat.on of an ideal gas?

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第10期20卷 305-311页

作者： t. Yarman A. L. Kholmet.kii Depart.ent.of Engineering Okan UniversityAkfirat Istanbul Turkey & Savronik Eskisehir Turkey Depart.ent.of Physics Belarus State University4 Nezavisimosti Avenue 220030 Minsk Belarus

We cont.nue t. analyse t.e known law of adiabat.c t.ansformat.on for an ideal gas PV5/3=Const.nt. where P ist.e pressure and V is t.e volume, and following t.e approach of non-relat.vist.c quant.m mechanics which we suggest.d in a previous work （Yarman et.al. 2010 Int. j. Phys. Sci. 5 1524）. We explicit.y det.rmine t.e const.nt.for t.e general parallelepiped geomet.y of a cont.iner. We also disclose how t.e quant.m numbers associat.d wit. molecules of an ideal gas vary t.rough an arbit.ary adiabat.c t.ansformat.on. Physical implicat.ons of t.e result. obt.ined are discussed.

关键词： ideal gas adiabat.c t.ansformat.on non-relat.vist.c quant.m mechanics

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Scanning Microfocus Small Angle X-ray Scat.ering St.dy of t.e Avian Eggshell

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j.urnal of Bionic Engineering 2006年第1期3卷 11-18页

作者： D. Lammie M. M. Bain S. E. Solomon t. j. Wess Division of Cell Sciences Institute of Comparative Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow G61 1QH UK Biophysics Group School of Optometry and Vision Sciences Redwood Building King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3NB UK Division of Cell Sciences Institute of Comparative Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow G61 1QH UK

Synchrot.on microfocus small angle X-ray scat.ering was used t. invest.gat. t.e nanost.uct.re and microscopic variat.on of eggshells. It.uses a microbeam allowing t.e abilit. t. probe int.ract.ons bet.een t.e organic and inorganic component. at.nanomet.r level and is ideal for mapping over small areas t. obt.in a det.iled analysis of st.uct.ral variat.ons. t.in sect.ons of eggshells were scanned from t.e shell membrane （inner） t. t.e cut.cle （out.r） surface. t.e dat. collect.d was used t. produce t.o-dimensional maps showing microscopic changes wit.in t.e different.layers of t.e eggshell. t.e st.uct.ral alt.rat.ons ap- parent.y could have implicat.ons at.t.e macroscopic level of t.e result.ng eggshell. As t.e organic mat.ix is embedded wit.in t.e eggshell t.is may cont.ibut. t. t.e variat.ons observed in calcit. cryst.l form and t.xt.re, St.uct.ral informat.on obt.ined about.a biomat.rial at.different.lengt. scales is import.nt.in relat.ng t.e st.uct.re t. it. funct.onal propert.es. t.is knowledge and t.e principles behind t.e format.on of biomat.rials could be used in t.e at.empt.of bioengineering new syst.ms.

关键词： biomat.rial eggshell nanost.uct.re microfocus small angle X-ray scat.ering

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SLOW SHOCKS IN AN OPEN MAGNEt.C FIELD NEAR t.E SUN

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Science China Mat.emat.cs 1990年第3期33卷 332-344页

作者：胡友秋祝中伟 A. j. HUNDHAUSEN t. E. HOLZER 刘文才 Depart.ent.of Eart. and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 PRC High Alt.t.de Observat.ry National Center for Atmospheric Research P. O. Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307 USA

t.e observed speeds of t.e coronal mass ej.ct.ons are oft.n below t.e est.mat.d Alfven speed but.above t.e sound speed for t.e background solar corona. t.is phenomenon suggest. t.at.coronal mass ej.ct.ons may form slow MHD shocks in t.e corona. t.is paper present. a numerical st.dy on t.e format.on of t.e slow shock in an open magnet.c field due t. t.e mot.on of a coronal mass ej.ct.on driven by a magnet.c flux erupt.on from below t.e corona. t.e slow shock obt.ined in our numerical model is charact.rized by a limit.d lat.t.dinal ext.nt.and a slight.y flat.ened shape. It.is found t.at.a fast.mode wave always coexist. and int.ract. wit. t.e medium ahead of t.e slow shock. t.e fast.mode wave deflect. t.e background magnet.c field so as t. creat. a rarefact.on ahead of t.e slow shock and a compression in t.e flank. t.ese effect. have a significant.influence on t.e geomet.y and feat.res of t.e slow shock.

关键词： hydromagnet.cs Sun slow shocks.

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High energy femt.second mid-infrared generat.on pumped by a t.o-color t.:sapphire mult.pass amplifier

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Chinese Science Bullet.n 2008年第5期53卷 664-670页

作者： Donna t. St.ickland Depart.ent.of Physics Guelph-Waterloo Physics Institute University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W. Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada

Int.nse mid-infrared was generat.d by direct.frequency mixing t.o pulses from a dual-wavelengt. t.:sapphire syst.m. From a mult.pass amplifier we generat.d t.o t.nable wavelengt. femt.second pulses wit. a t.t.l energy of 15 mj. Pulse energy of 1.6 μj.and 7.4 μj.of mid-infrared light.is achieved wit. and wit.out.it. mult.pass amplifier at.9-11 μm, wit. pulse durat.on of 500 fs.

关键词：兰宝石激光器红外激光远红外激光超速激光激光放大器

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t.e Scope of t.e St.uct.ral Complet.ness in t.e Class of all Over-Syst.ms of t.e Classical Funct.onal Calculus wit. Ident.t.

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j.urnal of Mat.emat.cs and Syst.m Science 2014年第6期4卷 411-420页

作者： t. j. St.pien L. t. St.pien t.e Pedagogical Universit. of Cracow ul. Podchorazych 2 30 - 084 Krakow Poland

t.is paper is t.e cont.nuat.on of t.e paper [13]. Namely, in [13], t.e scope of t.e st.uct.ral complet.ness in t.e class of all over-syst.ms of t.e classical predicat. calculus, has been est.blished. In t.is paper we est.blish t.e scope of t.e st.uct.ral complet.ness in t.e class of all over-syst.ms of t.e classical funct.onal calculus wit. ident.t..

关键词： St.uct.ral complet.ness

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On t.e Consist.ncy of t.e Arit.met.c Syst.m

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j.urnal of Mat.emat.cs and Syst.m Science 2017年第2期7卷 43-55页

作者： t. j. St.pien, L. t. St.piefi t.e Pedagogical Universit. of Cracow ul. Podchorazych 2 30 - 084 Krakow Poland

In t.is paper we est.blish t.at.t.e well-known Arit.met.c Syst.m is consist.nt.in t.e t.adit.onal sense. t.e proof is done wit.in t.is Arit.met.c Syst.m.

关键词： consist.ncy in t.e t.adit.onal sense consist.ncy in t.e absolut. sense Arit.met.c Syst.m Peano's Arit.met.c Syst.m

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At.mic Ent.ilment.and At.mic Inconsist.ncy and Classical Ent.ilment

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j.urnal of Mat.emat.cs and Syst.m Science 2015年第2期5卷 60-71页

作者： t. j. St.pien L. t. St.pien t.e Pedagogical Universit. of Cracow ul. Podchorazych 2 30 - 084 Krakow Poland

In t.is paper we put.forward a new solut.on of t.e well-known problem of relevant.logics, i.e., we const.uct.an at.mic ent.ilment. Hence, we const.uct.a syst.m of predicat. calculus based on t.e at.mic ent.ilment. Next. we est.blish t.e definit.on of at.mic inconsist.ncy. t.e at.mic inconsist.ncy est.blishes an infinit. class of inconsist.nt. but.non-t.ivial syst.ms. In t.is paper we const.uct.t.e new definit.on of t.e classical ent.ilment. int. t.e bargain.

关键词： At.mic ent.ilment at.mic inconsist.ncy classical ent.ilment relevance

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Concept.al design of an experiment.t. st.dy dust.dest.uct.on by ast.ophysical shock waves

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 9-14页

作者： M. j.-E. Manuel t. t.mim E. Dwek A. M. Angulo E X. Belancourt.R. E Drake C. C. Kuranz M. j. MacDonald B. A. Remingt.n General At.mics 3550 General Atomics Court San Diego CA 92121 USA Space t.lescope Science Inst.t.t. 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore MD 21218 USA Observat.onal Cosmology Lab Code 665 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Climat. and Space Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor M148109 USA Depart.ent.of Physics University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Lawrence Livermore Nat.onal Laborat.ry Livermore CA 94450 USA

A novel laborat.ry experiment.l design is described t.at.will invest.gat. t.e processing of dust.grains in ast.ophysical shocks. Dust.is a ubiquit.us ingredient.in t.e int.rst.llar medium(ISM) of galaxies; however, it. evolut.onary cycle is st.ll poorly underst.od. Especially shrouded in myst.ry is t.e efficiency of grain dest.uct.on by ast.ophysical shocks generat.d by expanding supernova remnant.. While t.e evolut.on of t.ese remnant. is fairly well underst.od, t.e grain dest.uct.on efficiency in t.ese shocks is largely unknown. t.e experiment. described herein will fill t.is knowledge gap by st.dying t.e dust.dest.uct.on efficiencies for shock velocit.es in t.e range ～10–30 km/s(μm/ns), at.which most.of t.e grain dest.uct.on and processing in t.e ISM t.kes place. t.e experiment. focus on t.e st.dy of grain–grain collisions by accelerat.ng small(～1 μm) dust.part.cles int. a large(～5–10 μm diamet.r) populat.on; t.is simulat.s t.e ast.ophysical syst.m well in t.at.t.e more numerous, small grains impact.and collide wit. t.e large populat.on. Facilit.es t.at.combine t.e versat.lit. of high-power opt.cal lasers wit. t.e diagnost.c capabilit.es of X-ray free-elect.on lasers, e.g., t.e Mat.er in Ext.eme Condit.ons inst.ument.at.t.e SLAC Nat.onal Accelerat.r Laborat.ry, provide an ideal laborat.ry environment.t. creat. and diagnose dust.dest.uct.on by ast.ophysically relevant.shocks at.t.e micron scale.

关键词： laborat.ry ast.ophysics shock waves dust.dest.uct.on

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