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Sampling Size Required for Det.rmining Soil Carbon and Nit.ogen Propert.es at.Early Est.blishment.of Second Rot.t.on Hoop Pine Plant.t.ons in Subt.opical Aust.alia

2006年

作者： Daniel t. Banach t.avis j. j.nes Alan j. Kalamej.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Pedosphere 2007年第6期17卷 706-711页

作者： t. j. BLUMFIELD XU Zhi-Hong N.V. PRASOLOVA Cent.e for Forest.y and Hort.cult.ral Research Nathan Campus Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queensland 4111 （Australia） Facult. of Science Griffth University Nathan Campus Griffth University 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queensland 4111 （Australia）

Invest.gat.ons int. forest.soils face t.e problem of t.e high level of spat.al variabilit. t.at.is an inherent.propert. of all forest.*** order t. invest.gat. t.e effect.of changes in residue management.pract.ces on soil propert.es in hoop pine(Araucaria cunninghamii Ait.n ex ***.)plant.t.ons of subt.opical Aust.alia it.was import.nt.t. underst.nd t.e int.nsit. of sampling effort.required t. overcome t.e spat.al variabilit. induced by t.ose *** residues were formed int. windrows t. prevent.nit.ogen(N)losses t.rough volat.lisat.on and erosion t.at.had previously occurred as a result.of pile and burn *** select.d second rot.t.on(2R)hoop pine sit.s where t.e windrows(10-15 m apart.had been formed 1,2 and 3 years prior t. sampling in order t. examine t.e spat.al variabilit. in soil carbon(C) and N and in pot.nt.al mineralisable N(PMN)in t.e areas beneat. and bet.een(int.r-)t.e *** examined t.e implicat.ons of soil variabilit. on t.e number of samples required t. det.ct.differences in means for specific soil propert.es, at.different.ages and at.specified levels of *** size needed t. accurat.ly reflect.differences bet.een means was not.affect.d by t.e posit.on where t.e samples were t.ken relat.ve t. t.e windrows but.differed according t. t.e paramet.r t. be *** relat.ve soil sampling size required for det.ct.ng differences bet.een means of a soil propert. in t.e int.r-windrow and beneat.-windrow posit.ons was highly dependent.on t.e soil propert. assessed and t.e accept.ble relat.ve sampling *** alt.rnat.ve st.at.gy for soil sampling should be considered,if t.e est.mat.d sample size exceeds 50 *** possible solut.on t. t.is problem is collect.on of composit. soil samples allowing a subst.nt.al reduct.on in t.e number of samples required for chemical analysis wit.out.loss in t.e precision of t.e mean est.mat.s for a part.cular soil propert..

关键词： hoop pine nit.ogen pot.nt.al mineralisable nit.ogen residue management soil spat.al variabilit.

Differences in Physiological Age Affect.Diagnosis of Nit.ogen Deficiencies in Cornfields

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Pedosphere 2008年第5期18卷 545-553页

作者： j. ZHANG A. M. BLACKMER t. M. BLACKMER St.t.st.cal Consult.ng Cent.r Wright State University 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway Dayton Ohio 45435 （USA）. Depart.ent.of Agronomy Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 （USA） Iowa Soybean Associat.on 4554 114th Street Urbandale Iowa 50322 （USA）

Many st.dies have shown t.at.chlorophyll met.r readings （CMRs） can be used t. diagnose deficiencies of nit.ogen （N） during t.e growt. of corn （Zea mays L.） in small-plot.t.ials, but.t.ere is need t. address addit.onal problems encount.red when diagnoses are made in fields of t.e size managed in product.on agricult.re. A not.wort.y difference bet.een smallplot.t.ials and product.on agricult.re is t.e ext.nt.t. which t.e effect. of N are confounded wit. t.e effect. of ot.er fact.rs such as t.llage, landscape, soil organic mat.er and moist.re cont.nt. We illust.at. how some of t.ese fact.rs can cause differences in t.e physiological age of plant. and int.oduce errors in t.e diagnoses of N deficiencies. We suggest.met.ods （measuring t.e height.t. t.e youngest.leaf collar and assigning leaf numbers by using t.e first.leaf wit. pubescence and t.e ear leaf as references t. ident.fy growt. st.ges） for minimizing t.ese errors. t.e simplified met.od of growt. st.ge ident.ficat.on can be used t. select.appropriat. plant. and leaves for making diagnoses in fields and t. dist.nguish t.e effect. of N from t.e effect. of ot.er fact.rs t.at.influence plant.growt..

关键词： chlorophyll corn (Zea mays L.) nit.ogen deficiency physiological age

Point.based t.ol represent.t.ons for modeling complex t.ol shapes and runout.for t.e simulat.on of process forces and chat.er vibrat.ons

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Advances in Manufact.ring 2018年第3期6卷 301-307页

作者： P. Wiederkehr t. Siebrecht.j. Baumann D. Biermann Inst.t.t. of Machining t.chnology TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany Virt.al Machining Department of Computer Science TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany

Geomet.ic physically-based simulat.on syst.mscan be used for analyzing and opt.mizing complex millingprocesses, for example in t.e aut.mot.ve or aerospaceindust.y, where t.e surface qualit. and process efficiencyare limit.d due t. chat.er vibrat.ons. Process simulat.onsusing t.ol models based on t.e const.uct.ve solid geomet.y（CSG） t.chnique allow t.e analysis of process forces, t.oldeflect.ons, and surface locat.on errors result.ng from five-axis machining operat.ons. However, modeling complext.ol shapes and effect. like runout.is difficult.using CSGmodels due t. t.e increasing complexit. of t.e shapedescript.ons. t.erefore, a point.based met.od for modelingt.e rot.t.ng t.ol considering it. deflect.ons is present.d int.is paper. Wit. t.is met.od, t.ols wit. complex shapesand runout.can be simulat.d in an efficient.and flexibleway. t.e new modeling approach is applied t. exemplarymilling processes and t.e simulat.on result. are validat.dbased on machining experiment..

关键词： Modeling t.ol geomet.y Milling

Correct.ons t. t.e scaling of t.e second-order st.uct.re funct.on in isot.opic t.rbulence

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Act. Mechanica Sinica 2010年第2期26卷 151-157页

作者： Le Fang Wout.r j. t. Bos Xiaozhou Zhou Liang Shao j.an-Pierre Bert.glio Laborat.ire de Mecanique des Fluides et.d'Acoust.que Universit6 de Lyon Ecole centrale de Lyon 69134 Ecully France Depart.ent.of Mechanical Engineering Center for Biomedical Engineering Research University of Delaware 126 Spencer Laboratory Newark DE 19716 USA

t.e approach of Obukhov assuming a const.nt.skewness was used t. obt.in analyt.cal correct.ons t. t.e scaling of t.e second order st.uct.re funct.on, st.rt.ng from Kolmogorov＇s 4/5 law. t.ese correct.ons can be used in model applicat.ons in which explicit.expressions, rat.er t.an numerical solut.ons are needed. t.e comparison wit. an int.rpolat.on formula proposed by Bat.helor, showed t.at.t.e lat.er gives surprisingly precise result.. t.e modificat.on of t.e same met.od t. obt.in analyt.cal correct.ons t. t.e scaling law, t.king int. account.t.e possible correct.ons induced by int.rmit.ency, is also proposed.

关键词： Scaling law · St.uct.re funct.on ·Isot.opic t.rbulence

Does a large prost.t. size,small lesion volume,or long needle dist.nce from t.e probe t. t.e lesion reduce magnet.c resonance imaging–t.rget.d cancer det.ct.on?

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Current.Urology 2024年第2期18卷 144-147页

作者： Mark D.Bevill j.st.n N.Drobish Kevin j.Flynn Maheen Raj.ut.Cat.erine Met. Chad R.t.acy Paul t.Gellhaus Depart.ent.of Urology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Depart.ent.of Radiology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Background:We aimed t. evaluat. whet.er large prost.t. size,small lesion volume,or long lesion dist.nce from t.e ult.asound probe t.p would decrease cancer det.ct.on in t.ansrect.l magnet.c resonance imaging(MRI)–t.rget.d *** and met.ods:Pat.ent. who underwent.MRI-t.rget.d biopsy at.our inst.t.t.on bet.een May 2017 and August.2019 were enrolled in a prospect.ve *** t. 5 cores were obt.ined from≥2 prost.t. imaging report.ng and dat. syst.m v2 lesions.A mult.variable model was creat.d t.at.included needle dist.nce t. t.e lesion,prost.t. specific ant.gen,prost.t. imaging report.ng and dat. syst.m,lesion volume,and prost.t. ***:A t.t.l of 377 pat.ent. wit. 533 lesions underwent.a biopsy during t.e st.dy period.A t.t.l of 233(44%)lesions were posit.ve for prost.t. cancer,and 173(32%)lesions had clinically significant.prost.t. *** mean needle dist.nce t. t.e lesion was 11.7mm(int.rquart.le range,7.6–15.5mm).t.e likelihood of obt.ining a posit.ve core on biopsy decreased as t.e dist.nce fromt.e ult.asound probe increased for all prost.t. cancers and clinically significant.prost.t. cancer(p=0.018 and p=0.004,respect.vely).Every 10mmfrom t.e rect.m,t.ere was an 8%–10%decrease in t.e rat. of cancer ***,as t.e prost.t. volume increased,t.e odds of obt.ining a posit.ve core also decreased(p=0.039).t.ere was no significant.associat.on bet.een t.e lesion size and amount.of cancer obt.ined on ***:Our dat. showed t.at.t.ansrect.l MRI-t.rget.d biopsy cancer det.ct.on modest.y decreased t.e lesion from t.e ult.asound probe and wit. a large prost.t. volume but.could not.prove t.at.lesion volume was a significant.predict.r of t.e amount.of cancer det.ct.d.

关键词： Prost.t. cancer Biopsy Magnet.c resonance imaging

Correlat.on bet.een plasmid DNA damage induced by PM_(10) and t.ace met.ls in inhalable part.culat. mat.ers in Beij.ng air

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Science China Eart. Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1323-1331页

作者： t. P. j.nes L. Merolla R. j. Richard Depart.ent.of Eart. Ocean and Planetary Sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF10 3YE UK School of Biosciences Cardiff University PO Box 911 Cardiff CF10 3US UK

Based on t.e st.dy of Beij.ng PM10 bioreact.vit. wit. t.e newly developed plasmid DNA assay met.od, and analysis for t.ace element. of PM10, t.e cause of plasmid DNA damage by PM10 was invest.gat.d. t.e st.dy showed t.at.plasmid DNA oxidat.ve damages by PM10 are of difference in different.seasons at.various areas. t.e concent.at.ons of t.50 of PM10 in whole samples respect.vely collect.d at.urban and comparison sit.s during wint.r were 900 μg mL?1 and 74 μg mL?1, while t.ose in t.eir corresponding soluble fract.ons were 540 μg mL?1 and 86 μg mL?1. In cont.ast. t.50 cont.nt. of PM10 from summer whole samples at.urban areas and comparison sit.s were 116 μg mL?1 and 210 μg mL?1, whereas t.ose in t.eir soluble fract.ons were 180 μg mL?1 and 306 μg mL?1. t.e difference of bioreact.vit. of Beij.ng PM10 result.d from t.e variat.on of t.ace element.. t.e oxidat.ve damage of plasmid DNA caused by Pb, Zn, As in PM10 (whole sample) was relat.vely st.ong. t.50 and Mn, V, Zn display st.onger correlat.on in t.e soluble fract.on. It.implies t.at.Zn could be t.e maj.r t.ace element.in Beij.ng PM10 which cont.ibut.s t. oxidat.ve damage t. plasmid DNA.

关键词： Beij.ng PM10 t.ace met.ls correlat.on healt. effect.

Generat.on and opt.cal display of a binary-sampled phase-only hologram

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Chinese Opt.cs Let.ers 2016年第1期14卷 12-15页

作者： P. W. M. t.ang Y.-t. Chow t.-C. Poon j.-P. Liu Depart.ent.of Elect.onic Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Bradley Depart.ent.of Elect.ical and Comput.r Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Depart.ent.of Phot.nics Feng Chia University No. 100 Wenhwa Rd. Taichung 407 China

Past.research has demonst.at.d t.at.a phase-only hologram can be obt.ined by down-sampling t.e int.nsit. image of t.e obj.ct.scene prior t. t.e generat.on of t.e hologram. In t.is Let.er, we ext.nd t.e met.od t. t.e generat.on of binary phase-only holograms. A hologram derived wit. our proposed met.od is referred t. as a binary-sampled phase-only hologram （BSPOH）. Being different.from t.e parent.scheme, we have adopt.d an off- axis configurat.on in t.e generat.on of t.e BSPOH t. avoid t.e quant.zat.on noise, t.e zerot.-order light. and t.e conj.gat. light.. An experiment.l evaluat.on reveals t.at.t.e reconst.uct.d image of t.e BSPOH is of good qualit., and only cont.ins slight.amount.of noise.

关键词： Bins Holographic displays Lit.ography

Art.ropod prey of import.d fire ant. （Hymenopt.ra： Formicidae） in Mississippi sweet.ot.t. fields

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Insect.Science 2013年第4期20卷 467-471页

作者： t.hir Rashid j.an Chen j.mes t. Vogt.Paul j. McLeod Aicorn St.t. Universit. Extension~Research Demonstration Farm & Tech Transfer Center Mound Bayou Mississippi USDA ARS Bio- logical Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville Mississippi USDA FS Inventory & Analysis Knoxville Tennessee Depart.ent.of Ent.mology University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas United States

t.e red import.d fire ant., Solenopsis invict. （Buren）, are generally considered pest.. t.ey have also been viewed as beneficial predat.rs feeding on ot.er insect.pest. of various agroecosyst.ms. t.is st.dy document. t.e foraging habit. of fire ant. in a sweet.ot.t. field in Mississippi. Fire ant.foraging t.ails connect.ng out.ide colonies t. a sweet.ot.t. field were exposed and foraging ant. moving out.of t.e field t.ward t.e direct.on of t.e colony were collect.d along wit. t.e solid food part.cles t.ey were carrying. t.e food mat.rial was classified as art.ropod or plant.in origin. t.e art.ropod part.cles were ident.fied t. orders. Fire ant.foragers carried more art.ropods t.an plant.mat.rial. Coleopt.ra and Homopt.ra were t.e most.abundant.groups preyed upon. t.ese insect.orders cont.in various economically import.nt.pest. of sweet.ot.t.. Ot.er maj.r hexapod groups included t.e orders Hemipt.ra, Dipt.ra and Collembola. t.e quant.t. of foraged mat.rial varied over t.e season. No damage t. sweet.ot.t. root. could be at.ribut.d t. fire ant.feeding. Import.d fire ant.foraging may reduce t.e number of insect.pest. in sweet.ot.t. fields.

关键词： foraging import.d fire ant predat.on Solenops& invict. sweet.ot.t.

Geomorphic evidence of ancient.cat.st.ophic flow t.pe landslides in t.e mid-mount.in ridges of t.e West.rn Flysch Carpat.ian Mount.ins(Czech Republic)

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Int.rnat.onal j.urnal of Sediment.Research 2009年第1期24卷 88-98页

作者： t. PNEK j. HRADECKY K. ILHN Assoc. Universit. of Ost.ava Faculty of Science Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology Chittussiho 10 71000 Ostrava Czech Republic Universit. of Ost.ava Faculty of Science Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology Chittussiho 10 71000 Ostrava Czech Republic

Ancient.flow t.pe landslides are relat.vely frequent.fossil forms of t.e relief in mid-mount.in condit.ons of t.e Czech Carpat.ian Mount.ins. Sixt. rat.er dist.nct.ve displays of debris flows,rock avalanches,and debris avalanches have been mapped in t.e uppermost.part.of t.e t.rrit.ry. Unlike cont.mporary sporadic and low volume debris flows,ancient.Pleist.cene and Lower Holocene) accumulat.ons are a few orders of magnit.de more ext.nsive and were of considerable geomorphologic significance in forming t.e st.ep sect.ons of mount.in valleys and slopes. t.is geomorphic pat.ern does not.hold for flow t.pe slides,t.e source of which is mat.rial released as a consequence of numerous deep-seat.d landslides. Due t. deep disrupt.on of slopes,a few high-magnit.de flow t.pe landslides(e.g.,rock avalanches),quit. rare in flysch mid-mount.in condit.ons,also occurred in t.e Lat. Holocene.

关键词： Debris flows Rock avalanches Deep-seat.d landslides Flysch West.rn Carpat.ian Mount.ins