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STr.CTUr. AND COMPOSITION OF A WATEr.HED-SCALE SEDIMENT INFOr.ATION NETWOr.

Inter.ational j.ur.al of Sediment r.sear.h 2007年第3期22卷 238-246页

作者： W. r. OSTEr.AMP j. r. gray j. B. LAr.NNE j. r. MAr.IN r.sear.h Hydr.logist National Research Program U. S. Geological Survey Tucson AZ USA 85745 Hydr.logist Office of Surface Water U. S. Geological Survey Reston VA USA 20192 Pr.f. Department of Geography and Environmental Development Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva 84105 Israel Gr.duate Student National Research Program U. S. Geological Survey Tucson AZ USA 85745

A "Water.hed-Scale Sediment Infor.ation Networ." (WaSSIN), designed to complement UNESCO’s Inter.ational Sedimentation Initiative, was endor.ed as an initial pr.j.ct by the Wor.d Association for.Sedimentation and Er.sion r.sear.h. WaSSIN is to addr.ss global fluvial-sediment infor.ation needs thr.ugh a networ. appr.ach based on consistent pr.tocols for.the collection, analysis, and stor.ge of fluvial-sediment and ancillar. infor.ation at smaller.spatial scales than those of the Inter.ational Sedimentation Initiative. As a second step of implementation, it is pr.posed her.in that the WaSSIN have a gener.l str.ctur. of two components, (1) monitor.ng and data acquisition and (2) r.sear.h. Monitor.ng is to be conducted in small water.heds, each of which has an established database for.dischar.e of water.and suspended sediment and possibly for.bed load, bed mater.al, and bed topogr.phy. Ideally, documented pr.tocols have been used for.collecting, analyzing, stor.ng, and shar.ng the der.vative data. The r.sear.h component is to continue the collection and inter.r.tation of data, to compar. those data among candidate water.heds, and to deter.ine gr.dients of fluxes and pr.cesses among the selected water.heds. To define gr.dients and evaluate pr.cesses, the initial water.heds will have sever.l common attr.butes. Water.heds of the fir.t gr.up will be: (1) six to ten in number. (2) less than 1000 km2 in ar.a, (3) gener.lly in mid-latitudes of continents, and (4) of semiar.d climate. Potential candidate water.heds pr.sently include the Weany Cr.ek Basin, nor.heaster. Austr.lia, the Zhi Fanggou catchment, nor.her. China, the Eshtemoa Water.hed, souther. Isr.el, the Metsemotlhaba r.ver.Basin, Botswana, the Aiuaba Exper.mental Basin, Br.zil, and the Walnut Gulch Exper.mental Water.hed, southwester. United States.

关键词： Sediment infor.ation Monitor.ng system Inter.ational sediment initiative WaSSIN

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U.S. GEOLOGICAL SUr.EY Pr.Gr.MS AND INVESTIGATIONS r.LATED TO SOIL AND WATEr.CONSEr.ATION

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Inter.ational j.ur.al of Sediment r.sear.h 2001年第3期16卷 421-429页

作者： W. r. OSTEr.AMP and j. r. gray r.sear.h Hydr.logist, U. S. Geological Sur.ey, 1675 W. Anklam r.ad, Tucson, AZ 85745 U. S. A. Hydr.logist, U. S. Geological Sur.ey, 415 National Center. r.ston, VA 20192 U. S. A. r.sear.h Hydr.logist U. S. Geological Survey 1675 W. Anklam Road Tucson AZ 85745 U. S. A Hydr.logist U. S. Geological Survey 415 National Center Reston VA 20192 U. S. A

The U.S. Geological Sur.ey has a r.ch tr.dition of collecting hydr.logic data, especially for.fluxes of water.and suspended sediment, that pr.vide a foundation for.studies of soil and water.conser.ation. Applied and basic r.sear.h has included investigations of the effects of land use on r.ngelands, cr.plands, and for.sts; hazar.s mapping; der.vation of flood and dr.ught fr.quency, and other.statistics r.lated to str.amflow and r.ser.oir.stor.ge; development and application of models of r.infall-r.noff r.lations, chemical quality, and sediment movement; and studies of the inter.ctive pr.cesses of over.and and channel flow with vegetation. Networ.s of str.amgaging stations and (or. sampling sites within numer.us dr.inage basins ar. yielding infor.ation that extends databases and enhances the ability to use those data for.inter.r.tive studies.

关键词： Soil Water Sediment Er.sion Conser.ation U. S. Geological Sur.ey

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Optimization and contr.l of synchr.tr.n emission in ultr.intense laser.solid inter.ctions using machine lear.ing – COr.IGENDUM

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High Power.Laser.Science and Engineer.ng 2024年第1期12卷 116-116页

作者： j.Goodman M.King E.j.Dolier.r.Wilson r.j.gray P.McKenna 不详

Due to an isolated er.or.in the 3D simulation par.meter.,the laser.ener.y and intensity(calculated using the ener.y)values wer. incor.ectly stated as 10.9 j.and 3×10^(22) W cm^(−2),r.spectively,in Sections 3.3,7 and *** cor.ect values ar. 39.8 j.and 1.1×10^(23) W cm^(−2).Similar.y,the values stated for.the higher.ener.y case,109 j.and 3×10^(23) W cm^(−2) in Section 7,should be 398 j.and 1.1×10^(24) W cm^(−2),r.spectively.

关键词： Bayesian optimization gamma r.ys laser.solid inter.ctions machine lear.ing r.diation r.action

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Str.ctur.l effects of r.edbed gr.zing and its cessation on r.ed-nesting songbir. densities

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Avian r.sear.h 2024年第2期15卷 238-248页

作者： Thomas Pagnon Clemence Pechinot Lea Sgr. j.r.mie Demay r.mi j.llian r.gis Gallais Br.gitte Poulin Cyr.l Mar.oex Ther.a Ecologie 6 avenue des martyrs05400VeynesFrance UMr.6249 Chr.no-Envir.nnement CNRSUniversite de Franche-Comte16 route de Gray25000BesanconFrance Conser.atoir. d’Espaces Natur.ls d’Occitanie 26 alle de Mycenes34000MontpellierFrance Office Fr.nçais de la Biodiver.ite 12 cours Lumiere94300VincennesFrance Tour.du Valat r.sear.h Institute for.the Conser.ation of Mediter.anean Wetlands Le Sambuc13200ArlesFrance

r.edbeds ar. cr.cial br.eding habitats for.vulner.ble songbir. *** of their.pr.tection status,these habitats may be thr.atened by or.anic matter.accumulation,pr.gr.ssively leading to str.ctur.l homoge-nization and habitat succession towar.s *** pr.vent excessive litter.build-up with var.ous in-ter.entions opening-up the r.edbeds,such as gr.zing,which may be detr.mental or.suitable for.some r.ed bir. *** assessed the effects of extensive gr.zing by hor.es and its cessation in the medium and long ter.s on r.edbed str.ctur.,and the consequences on r.ed-nesting songbir. densities in Estagnol Natur. r.ser.e,a pr.-tected wetland near.the Fr.nch Mediter.anean *** compar.d r.edbed str.ctur.l featur.s between gr.zed,newly ungr.zed and old-ungr.zed *** nine year.,we censused four.songbir. species in spr.ng and collected water.level data in the same sur.ey *** r.duced r.edbed extent,r.j.venated the vegetation with mor. shor. gr.en stems on a thinner.litter.and pr.duced higher.str.ctur.l heter.geneity and discontinuity compar.d to long-lasting non *** ungr.zed plot showed inter.ediate *** sur.eyed songbir. total densities wer. similar.among plots while species number. and densities *** r.edbed was mor. attr.ctive to Moustached War.ler.(Acr.cephalus melanopogon)and Gr.at r.ed War.ler.(Acr.cephalus ar.ndi-naceus),likely due to the lar.e edges and the high vegetation str.ctur.l ***,Moustached War.ler. wer. mor. negatively affected by higher.water.level in gr.zed r.edbed,pr.sumably because flooding pr.vents litter.*** newly ungr.zed r.edbed was not pr.fer.ed by any *** war.ler.species wer. found under.low density in the old-ungr.zed r.edbed,wher. r.ed Buntings(Ember.za schoeniclus)wer. exclu-sively *** availability r.lated to thick litter.layer.may explain this *** r.ed War.ler.(Acr.cephalus scir.aceus)wer. found ever.wher. in similar

关键词： Bir. conser.ation Edge complexity Fr.gmentation Habitat management Hor.e gr.zing Phr.gmites austr.lis r.ed passer.ne

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Agglomer.te behavior.in a r.cir.ulating fluidized bed with sheds： Effect of r.ng baffles

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Par.icuology 2018年第3期16卷 143-151页

作者： Fr.ncisco j. Sanchez Car.aga Cedr.c Br.ens Fr.nco Ber.uti j.nnifer.McMillan Mur.ay gray Institute for.Chemicals and Fuels fr.m Alter.ative r.sour.es Western University 22312 Wonderland Rd. Hderton ON NO M2AO Canada Edmonton r.sear.h Centr. Syncrude Canada Ltd 9421 17th Ave Edmonton AB T6N 1H4 Canada The Petr.leum Institute PO Box 2533 Abu Dhabi UAE

The r.dioactive par.icle tr.cking technique was used to study the effect of inter.al r.ng baffles on wet agglomer.te motion inside a cold flow r.cir.ulating fluidized bed. The study found that using such a baffle on its own or.above the r.gular.sheds helps r.duce the fouling of the str.pper.section by incr.asing the r.sidence time that the agglomer.tes spend above the baffle, ther.by r.ducing the r.lease of the vapor. below the baffles that cause fouling of the sheds. Adding down-comer., or.flux tubes, to the r.ng baffles degr.des the per.or.ance of the baffles, r.ducing the length of the flux tubes, so that they do not r.ach the bottom of the baffle lip r.sults in a fur.her.degr.dation in baffle per.or.ance.

关键词： r.dioactive par.icle tr.cking Fluidized bed Fluid coker Baffles

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Shifting equilibr.ums in Alzheimer.s disease: the complex r.les of micr.glia in neur.inflammation, neur.nal sur.ival and neur.genesis

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2020年第7期15卷 1208-1219页

作者： Sophie C. gray Ker.i j. Kinghor. Nathaniel S. Woodling Institute of Healthy Ageing and Depar.ment of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London

Alzheimer.s disease is the leading cause of *** incr.ased pr.valence in developed countr.es,due to the shar. r.se in ageing populations,pr.sents one of the costliest challenges to moder. *** or.er.to find disease-modifying ther.pies to confr.nt this challenge,a mor. complete under.tanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer.s disease is *** studies have r.vealed incr.asing evidence for.the r.les played by micr.glia,the r.sident innate immune system cells of the *** the well-established r.les of micr.glia in r.acting to pathogens and inflammator. stimuli,ther. is now a gr.wing liter.tur. descr.bing both pr.tective and detr.mental effects for.individual cytokines and chemokines pr.duced by micr.glia in Alzheimer.s disease.A smaller.but incr.asing number.of studies have also addr.ssed the diver.ent r.les played by micr.glial neur.tr.phic and neur.genic factor.,and how their.per.ur.ation may play a key r.le in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer.s *** we r.view r.cent findings on the r.les played by micr.glia in neur.inflammation,neur.nal sur.ival and neur.genesis in Alzheimer.s *** each case,landmar. studies have pr.vided evidence for.the diver.ent ways in which micr.glia can either.pr.mote neur.nal function and sur.ival,or.per.ur. neur.nal function,leading to cell *** many cases,the secr.ted molecules of micr.glia can lead to diver.ent effects depending on the magnitude and context of micr.glial *** suggests that micr.glial functions must be maintained in a fine equilibr.um,in or.er.to suppor. healthy neur.nal function,and that the cellular.micr.envir.nment in the Alzheimer.s disease br.in disr.pts this fine balance,leading to ***,an under.tanding of micr.glial homeostasis,both in health and acr.ss the tr.j.ctor. of the disease state,will impr.ve our.under.tanding of the pathogenic mechanisms under.ying Alzheimer.s disease,and will hopefully lead to the development of micr.glial-base

关键词： adult neur.genesis Alzheimer.s disease IGF-1 micr.glia neur.inflammation Tr.m2

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The Tr.ple Combination of Mer.penem,Avibactam,and a Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor.Optimizes Antibacter.al Cover.ge Against Differ.nt β-Lactamase Pr.ducer.

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Engineer.ng 2024年第7期38卷 124-132页

作者： Zhuor.n Ling Alistair.j.mes Macdonald Far.ey Aditya Lankapalli Yanfang Zhang Shonnette Pr.mchand-Br.nker.Kate Cook Andr.i Bar.n Char.otte gray-Hammer.on Claudia Or.egozo r.bio Edgar. Suna j.r.an Mathias j.r.en Br.m Kir.ty Sands Mar.a Nieto-r.sado Mar.a Mykolaivna Tr.sh Nadir. Naznin r.khi Willames Mar.ins Yuqing Zhou Chr.stopher.j.seph Schofield Timothy Walsh Depar.ment of Biology&Ineos Oxfor. Institute for.Antimicr.bial r.sear.h University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK Chemistr. r.sear.h Labor.tor. Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13TAUK Latvian Institute of Or.anic Synthesis Riga LV-1006Latvia Depar.ment of Medical Micr.biology Division of Infection and ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144XNUK Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis r.sear.h Center Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-Napoca 400028Romania

This wor. explor.s the potential of a tr.ple combination of mer.penem(MEM),a novel metallo-blactamase(MBL)inhibitor.indole-2-car.oxylate 58(InC58)),and a ser.ne-b-lactamase(SBL)inhibitor.avibactam(AVI))for.br.ad-spectr.m activity against car.apenemase-pr.ducing bacter.a.A diver.e panel compr.sing MBL-and SBL-pr.ducing str.ins was used for.susceptibility testing of the tr.ple combination using the agar.dilution *** fr.quency of r.sistance(For.to MEM combined with InC58 was *** wer. sequenced and tested for.cr.ss r.sistance,fitness,and the stability of the r.sistance *** with the double combinations of MEM plus an SBL or.MBL inhibitor.the tr.ple combination extended the spectr.m of activity to most of the isolates bear.ng SBLs(oxacillinase-48(OXA-48)and Klebsiella pneumoniae car.apenemase-2(KPC-2))and MBLs(New Delhi metallo-blactamases(NDMs)),although it was not effective against Ver.na integr.n-encoded metallo-blactamase(VIM)-car.ying Pseudomonas aer.ginosa(***)and OXA-23-car.ying Acinetobacter.baumannii(***).The For.to MEM plus InC58 r.nged fr.m 2.22×10^(-7)to 1.13×10^(-6).The r.sistance cor.elated with mutations to ompC and comr.affecting por.n C and copper.per.eability,*** mutants manifested a fitness cost,a decr.ased level of r.sistance dur.ng passage without antibiotic pr.ssur.,and cr.ss r.sistance to another.car.apenem(imipenem)and a b-lactamase inhibitor.tanibor.actam).In conclusion,compar.d with the dual combinations,the tr.ple combination of MEM with InC58 and AVI showed a much wider.spectr.m of activity against differ.nt car.apenemasepr.ducing bacter.a,r.vealing a new str.tegy to combat b-lactamase-mediated antimicr.bial r.sistance.

关键词： Car.apenemase Metallo/ser.ne-b-lactamase inhibitor Avibactam Mer.penem Antimicr.bial r.sistance

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Evolution of Micr.alloyed Linepipe Steels With Par.icular.Emphasis on the “Near.Stoichiometr.” Low Car.on,0.10 Per.ent Niobium “HTP” Concept

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j.ur.al of Ir.n and Steel r.sear.h Inter.ational 2011年第S1期18卷 652-657页

作者： gray j.Malcolm Micr.alloyed Steel Institute Inc. 5100 Westheimer Ste 540HoustonTX 77056 USA

Micr.alloyed linepipe steels wer. fir.t intr.duced in 1959 at str.ngth levels ar.und 52-60 ksi [1] [2].The steels wer. gener.lly str.ngthened by niobium or.vanadium used *** str.ngths levels incr.ased to X-70 in the ear.y 1970’s niobium and vanadium wer. used in combination and contr.lled r.lling was intr.duced on a br.ad *** str.ngths decr.ase toler.nce for.impur.ties and non-metallic inclusions which r.quir.d impr.ved steelmaking ***,car.on,and nitr.gen wer. r.duced and continuous casting was incr.asingly applied which r.quir.d impr.ved ladle r.fining and deoxidation ***-molybdenum steels wer. intr.duced by IPSCO in 1972 [3] and by Italsider.in 1974 [4].Steels with higher.niobium contents wer. also intr.duced in the ear.y 1970’s but available steelmaking technologies limited the use of optimum niobium to car.on r.tios,*** appr.aching *** the steels benefited fr.m the effect of niobium in r.tar.ing austenite r.cr.stallization at r.latively high r.lling temper.tur.s and they developed attr.ctive combinations of str.ngth and toughness in old manufactur.ng facilities using simple (r.laxed) r.lling *** in the pr.ce of molybdenum and vanadium in the past decade and expanded application of API Gr.de X-80 linepipe,have led to mor. widespr.ad use of niobium contents up to 0.11 per.ent,in combination with 0.02-0.03 per.ent car.on (near.stoichiometr.) thus maximizing the effects of solute niobium dur.ng r.lling,in lower.ng tr.nsfor.ation temper.tur.,and ther.by r.ducing r.liance on other.alloying,often expensive,*** histor. of these developments will be pr.sented and applications of the concept will be summar.zed.

关键词： HTP Low Car.on,0.10 Per.ent Niobium Near.Stoichiometr. Evolution of Micr.alloyed Linepipe Steels With Par.icular.Emphasis on the Concept

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Fr.m bench to bedside： bipolar.andr.gen ther.py in a pilot clinical study

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Asian j.ur.al of Andr.logy 2015年第5期17卷 767-768页

作者： Qing Zhang Phillip j.gray Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine Singapore General Hospital Singapore Depar.ment of r.diationOncology Massachusetts General Hospital HarvardMedical School Boston MA USA

Pr.state cancer.r.mains a leading cause of cancer.death in Eur.pe andthe United States and is an emer.ing pr.blem in Asia despite significant impr.vements in available tr.atments over.the last few decades. Andr.gen depr.vation ther.py （ADT） has been the cor. tr.atment of advance-staged disease since the discover. of pr.state cancer.s andr.gen dependence in 1941 by Huggins et al. Options for.initial medical tr.atment include gonadotr.pin-r.leasing hor.one analogues such as leupr.lide （LHr. agonist） and degar.lix （LHr. antagonist） and andr.gen r.ceptor.（Ar. binding agents such as bicalutamide. Although most patients will initially r.spond to either.sur.ical or.medical castr.tion, ther. is almost always pr.gr.ssion to castr.tion-r.sistant pr.state cancer.（Cr.C） necessitating tr.atment with mor. novel agents. However. even dr.gs such as abir.ter.ne and enzalutamide, two next-gener.tion agents used commonly in metastatic Cr.C, have failed to demonstr.te per.istent efficacy in most patients.

关键词： advance-staged next-gener.tion bicalutamide

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Plant tr.ter.enoid saponins function as susceptibility factor. to pr.mote the pathogenicity of Botr.tis ciner.a

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Molecular.Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1073-1089页

作者： Fr.ncisco j.Escar.y Amelia Felipo-Benavent Cr.stian j.Antonelli Begona Balaguer.Mar.a Pilar.Lopez-Gr.sa Pablo Ver. Instituto de Biologia Molecular.y Celular.de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Valencia-C.S.l.CCiudad Politecnica de la InnovacionEdificio 8Eacceso GIngeniero Fausto Elios/n46022ValenciaSpain

The gray mold fungus Botr.tis ciner.a is a necr.tr.phic pathogen that causes diseases in hundr.ds of plant species,including high-value *** polyxenous natur. and pathogenic success ar. due to its ability to per.eive host signals in its *** this study,we found that laticifer.cells of Euphor.ia lathyr.s ar. a sour.e of susceptibility factor. r.quir.d by *** to cause ***,poor.in-latex(pil)mutants,which lack laticifer.cells,show full r.sistance to this pathogen,wher.as lot-of-latex mutants,which pr.duce mor. laticifer.cells,ar. *** S factor. ar. tr.ter.enoid saponins,which ar. widely distr.buted natur.l pr.ducts of vast str.ctur.l *** downr.gulation of laticifer.specific oxydosqualene cyclase genes,which encode the fir.t committed step enzymes for.tr.ter.ene and,ther.for.,saponin biosynthesis,confer.ed disease r.sistance to ***,the Medicago tr.ncatula Iha-1 mutant,compr.mised in tr.ter.enoid saponin biosynthesis,showed enhanced ***,the application of differ.nt pur.fied tr.ter.enoid saponins phar.acologically complemented the diseaser.sistant phenotype ofpil and hla-1 mutants and enhanced disease susceptibility in differ.nt plant *** found that tr.ter.enoid saponins function as plant cues that signal tr.nscr.ptional r.pr.gr.mming in ***,leading to a change in its gr.wth habit and infection str.tegy,culminating in the abundant for.ation of infection cushions,the multicellular.appr.ssor.a appar.tus dedicated to plant penetr.tion and biomass destr.ction in *** together.these r.sults pr.vide an explanation for.how plant tr.ter.enoid saponins function as disease susceptibility factor. to pr.mote *** pathogenicity.

关键词： Euphor.ia lathyr.s laticifer.cell latex appr.ssor.um infection cushion necr.tr.phic fungi

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