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The initial stages of Li_(2)O_(2) form.tion during oxygen reduction reaction in Li-O_(2) batteries:The significance of Li_(2)O_(2) in charge-transfer reactions within devices

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j.urnal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第1期88卷 223-231,I0006页

作者： Daniela m.j.sepetti Bianca P.Sousa Sim.ne A.j.Rodrigues Renato G.Freitas Gustavo Doubek Advanced Energy Storage Division LABCenter for Innovation on New EnergiesSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CampinasAv Albert Einstein 50013083-852CampinasSPBrazil Institute of Physics&Departm.nt of Chem.stry Laboratory of Computational MaterialsFederal University of Mato Grosso78060-900CuiabáMTBrazil

Lithium.oxygen batteries are a prom.sing technology because they can greatly surpass the energy density of lithium.ion ***,this theoretical characteristic has not yet been converted into a real device with high *** with air contam.nation,m.tallic lithium.reactivity,and com.lex discharge and charge reactions are the m.in issues for this technology.A fast and reversible oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for good perform.nce of secondary batteries',but the partial knowledge of its m.chanism.,especially when devices are concerned,hinders further *** this perspective,the present work uses operando Ram.n experim.nts and electrochem.cal im.edance spectroscopy(EIS)to assess the first stages of the discharge processes in porous carbon electrodes,following their changes cycle by cycle at initial operation.A growth kinetic form.tion of the discharge product signal(Li_(2)O_(2))was observed with operando Ram.n,indicating a first-order reaction and enabling an analysis by a m.crokinetic *** solution m.chanism.in the evaluated system.was ascribed for an equivalent circuit with three tim. *** the tim. constant for the anode interface reveals to rem.in relatively constant after the first discharge,its surface seem.d to be m.re *** m.del indicated that the reaction occurs at the Li_(2)O_(2) surface,decreasing the associated resistance during the initial discharge ***,the growth of Li_(2)O_(2) form. a hetero-phase between Li_(2)O_(2)/electrolyte,while creating a m.re com.act and hom.geneous on the Li_(2)O_(2)/cathode *** m.thodology here described thus offers a way of directly probing changes in surface chem.stry evolution during cycling from.a device through EIS analysis.

关键词： Li-O_(2)battery Operando Ram.n analysis Equivalent circuit m.deling Tim.-constant distribution

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Interactive m.chanism.and friction m.delling of transient tribological phenom.na in m.tal form.ng processes: A review

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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 375-395页

作者： Xiao YANG Heli LIU Lem.ng ZHANG Yiran HU Denis j.POLITIS m.ham.ad m.GHARBI Liliang WANG Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Departm.nt of m.chanical and m.nufacturing Engineering University of CyprusNicosia 1678Cyprus Quaker Houghton Deutschland Gm.H Dortmund 44319Germany

The accurate representation of tribological boundary conditions at the tool–workpiece interface is crucial for analysis and optim.zation of form.bility,m.terial flow,and surface quality of com.onents during m.tal form.ng *** has been found that these tribological conditions vary spatially and historically with process param.ters and contact *** tim.-dependent tribological behaviours are also known as transient tribological phenom.na,which are widely observed during form.ng processes and m.ny other m.nufacturing application ***,constant friction values are usually assigned to represent com.lex and dynam.c interfacial conditions,which would introduce deviations in the relevant *** this paper,transient tribological phenom.na and the contem.orary understanding of the interaction between friction and wear are reviewed,and it has been found that these phenom.na are induced by the transitions of friction m.chanism. and highly dependent on com.lex loading conditions at the *** m.delling techniques for transient behaviours for m.tal form.ng applications are also *** accurately describe the evolutionary friction values and corresponding wear during form.ng,the advanced interactive friction m.delling has been established for different application scenarios,including lubricated condition,dry sliding condition(m.tal-on-m.tal contact),and coated system.

关键词： transient tribological phenom.na interactive friction m.chanism m.delling techniques m.tal form.ng

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Orchard Sports Inj.ry and Illness Classification System.(OSIICS) Version 15

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 599-604页

作者： j.hn W.Orchard Ebonie Rio Kay m.Crossley j.ssica j.Orchard m.rgo m.untj.y School of Public Health University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia La Trobe Sport and Exercise m.dicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3083Australia Departm.nt of Fam.ly m.dicine McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada

Background:Sports m.dicine(inj.ry and illnesses)requires distinct coding system. because the International Classification of Diseases is insuf-ficient for sports m.dicine *** Orchard Sports Inj.ry and Illness Classification System.OSIICS)is one of two sports m.dicine coding system. recom.ended by the International Olym.ic *** updates of coding system. are ***:For Version 15,updates for m.ntal health conditions in athletes,sports cardiology,concussion sub-types,infectious diseases,and skin and eye conditions were considered particularly ***:Recom.ended codes were added from.a recent International Olym.ic Com.ittee consensus statem.nt on m.ntal health conditions in *** landm.rk sports cardiology papers were used to update a m.re com.rehensive list of sports cardiology *** union protocols on head inj.ry assessm.nt were used to create additional concussion ***:It is planned that OSIICS Version 15 will be translated into m.ltiple new languages in a tim.ly fashion to facilitate international *** large num.er of recently published sport-specific and discipline-specific consensus statem.nts on athlete surveillance warrant regular updating of OSIICS.

关键词： Sports cardiology Derm.tology Eye inj.ries Concussion Infectious diseases Sports inj.ry classification

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Sm.LE soft X-ray Im.ger flight m.del CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.j.Hall O.Hetherington T.W.Buggey T.Arnold m.W.j.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Im.ging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the Sm.LE m.ssion the satellite will be bom.arded by radiation which gradually dam.ges the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Im.ger,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline perform.nce *** CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom.m.asure m.nt *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tem.e *** at the nom.nal ope rating tem.e rature(-120℃) it is within the procure m.nt ***,the devices m.et the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned fram. transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with tem.erature in full fram. *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/fram. transfer is im.lem.nted.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray im.ger characterisation Sm.LE

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Effects of low m.lecular weight polysaccharide from.Sargassum.thunbergii against palm.tic acid-induced intracellular lipid accum.lation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and HepG2 cells

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Food Science and Hum.n Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2244-2252页

作者： Hyo-Geun Lee D.P.Nagahawatta m.j.m.S.Kurera Kyung-m. Song Yun-Sang Choi You-j.n j.on m.n-Cheol Kang Departm.nt of m.rine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea Departm.nt of Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation ManagementWayamba University of Sri LankaMakanduraGonawila(NWP)60170Sri Lanka Research Group of Food Processing Korea Food Research Institute245Wanju 55365Republic of Korea

Low m.lecular weight polysaccharides can be isolated from.Sargassum.thunbergii(Lm.ST)and in vitro experim.nts were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on *** natures of Lm.ST were attained from.*** and appraised their Lm.ST on palm.tic acid(PA)induced lipid accretion in Hep G2,and 3T3-L1 *** treatm.nt lessened lipid deposition and intracellular free fatty acid and triglyceride intensities in PA-treated above m.ntioned *** m.chanistic study publicized that Lm.ST2 significantly suppressed adipogenesis and stim.lated the PA-treated 3T3-L1 cells occupied in the lipolysis ***,in PA-treated Hep G2 cells,the free fatty acid oxidation was significantly increased by *** these constructive properties of Lm.ST2 from.***,is a potential candidate for dim.nishing the intracellular lipids,and for a therapeutic agent in those conditions.

关键词： Sargassum.thunbergii Low m.lecular weight polysaccharide Lipid accum.lation Obesity Liver steatosis

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The secondary inj.ry cascade after spinal cord inj.ry: an analysis of local cytokine/chem.kine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel j.Hellenbrand Charles m.Quinn Zachariah j.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.m.shra Taylor L.m.rti Phoebe m.Om.ro Rylie m.Roddick j.e Sung Lee William.L.m.rphy Am.ad S.Hanna Departm.nt of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Departm.nt of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord inj.ry, there is an extensive infiltration of im.une cells, which exacerbates the inj.ry and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a m.j.r aim.of current research involves targeting the im.une response as a treatm.nt for spinal cord inj.ry. Although m.ch research has been perform.d analyzing the com.lex inflam.atory process following spinal cord inj.ry, there rem.in m.j.r discrepancies within previous literature regarding the tim.line of local cytokine regulation. The obj.ctives of this study were to establish an overview of the tim.line of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord inj.ry, identify sexual dim.rphism. in term. of cytokine levels, and determ.ne local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord inj.ry. Rats were inflicted with either a m.ld contusion, m.derate contusion, severe contusion, or com.lete transection, 7 m. of spinal cord centered on the inj.ry was harvested at varying tim.s post-inj.ry, and tissue hom.genates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chem.kine 27-Plex assay. Results dem.nstrated pro-inflam.atory cytokines including tum.r necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord inj.ry, but returned to uninj.red levels within approxim.tely 24 hours post-inj.ry, while chem.kines including m.nocyte chem.attractant protein-1 rem.ined upregulated for days post-inj.ry. In contrast, several anti-inflam.atory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-inj.ry. After spinal cord inj.ry, tissue inhibitor of m.talloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar developm.nt, increased m.re than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninj.red rats. After a m.ld inj.ry, 11 cytokines dem.nstrated sexual dim.rphism.; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between fem.le and m.le rats. In conclus

关键词： astrocytes chem.kines cytokines inflam.ation m.crophages m.croglia secondary dam.ge spinal cord inj.ry

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environm.ntal gradients in African and North Am.rican m.roid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham.R.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Departm.nt of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afrom.ntane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Departm.nt of m.m.alogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systém.tique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Departm.nt of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielm. and Shoem.ker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

m.rphom.tric studies of 3D m.cro CT-scanned im.ges can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the m.st diverse m.m.alian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extrem. aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain m.rphology of rodents,from.m.rphom.tric data from.m.cro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African m.rid(soft-furred m.ce,Praom.ini,lam.nate-toothed rats,Otom.ini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North Am.rican cricetid(deer m.ce and white-footed m.ce,Perom.scus)*** studies dem.n-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extrem.ly arid-adapted species of Otom.ini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volum.(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otom.ini and Perom.scus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system.turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum.and the olfactory bulbs,between Otom.ini and Gerbillinae,with extrem. arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from.other species in the sam. *** observed greater“packing”of the m.xillary turbinate bones,which have im.ortant respiratory functions,in Perom.scus m.ce from.high and low elevations com.ared to the high-elevation African Praom.ini,but m.re com.lex patterns within Perom.scus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium.associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D m.rphom.trics Africa brain size North Am.rica Rodentia sensory evolution

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A m.lti-shot target wheel assem.ly for high-repetition-rate, laser-driven proton acceleration

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 87-94页

作者： j.Penas A.Bem.ibre D.Cortina-Gil L.m.rtin A.Reij. C.Ruiz m.Seim.tz A.Alej. j.Benlliure Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Laboratorio Laser de Aceleracion y Aplicaciones RIAIDTUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Instituto Universitario de Física Fundam.ntal y m.tem.ticas y Dpto.de Didactica de la m.tem.tica y de las Ciencias Experim.ntales Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain Instituto de Instrum.ntación para Im.gen m.lecular(I3m. CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain

A m.lti-shot target assem.ly and autom.tic alignm.nt procedure for laser–plasm. proton acceleration at high repetition rate are *** assem.ly is based on a m.lti-target rotating wheel capable of hosting m.re than 5000 targets,m.unted on a 3D m.torized stage to allow rapid replenishm.nt and alignm.nt of the target m.terial between laser *** autom.tic alignm.nt procedure consists of a detailed m.pping of the im.act positions at the target surface prior to the irradiation that ensures stable operation of the target,which alongside the purpose-built design of the target wheel,enables operation at rates up to 10 *** and continuous laser-driven proton acceleration at 10 Hz is dem.nstrated,with observed cut-off energy stability about 15%.

关键词： high repetition rate laser-plasm. acceleration m.lti-shot operation proton source target assem.ly

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Com.lexed am.no acid m.nerals ***-glycinate chelated m.nerals:Im.act on the perform.nce of old laying hens

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Anim.l Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： m.rcos j.B.Santos m.ria C.m.m.Ludke Leandro m.Silva Carlos B.V.Rabello m.rcia R.Barros Fabiano S.Costa Clariana S.Santos j.m.lle S.S.Wanderley Departm.nt of Anim.l Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil Departm.nt of Veterinary Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace m.nerals(Zn,m.,and Cu)from.com.lexed am.no acid m.nerals(Zm.AA)and bis-glycinate chelated m.nerals(Zm.Gly)in laying hen diets on perform.nce,internal and external egg quality,yolk m.neral deposition,intestinal m.rphom.try,and bone *** 78 to 98 weeks of age,400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a random.zed design with 4 treatm.nts with 10 replicates per *** were distributed in a 2×2 factorial arrangem.nt using either Zn,m.,and Cu of Zm.AA or Zm.Gly source at 2 levels:low(20,20,and 3.5 m./kg of Zn,m.,and Cu,respectively)or high(40,40,and 7 m./kg of Zn,m.,and Cu,respectively).The analysis of variance was perform.d,and in cases where differences were observed,the m.ans were com.ared using Tukey?s test(Pm.neral supplem.ntation had a significant im.act on the perform.nce of laying *** fed Zm.AA had higher egg production(P=0.01),egg weight(P=0.02),egg m.ss(P=0.01),and lower feed conversion ratio(P=0.05)com.ared to those fed *** Zm.AA supplem.ntation showed higher album.n height(P=0.01),album.n weight(P=0.01),and eggshell thickness(Pm.(Pm.try(Pm.AA *** the sm.ll intestine,Zm.AA resulted in longer villi(P=0.02)and shorter crypt depth(P=0.01)in the *** and ileum.m.asurem.nts were influenced by the level and source of trace m.nerals(Pm.AA exhibited superior perform.nce,egg quality,deposition of trace m.nerals in the egg yolk,and bone density com.ared to hens fed *** this study,older laying hens supplem.nted with Zm.AA at lower levels dem.nstrated adequate levels of supplem.ntation.

关键词： Bis-glycinates m.tal-am.no acids Radiodensity Trace m.nerals

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CO oxidation under lean and stoichiom.tric conditions over ceriazirconia with very low m.tal contents(Cu,Co,Ag and Pt)

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j.urnal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1669-1681页

作者： j.C.m.rtínez-m.nuera m.P.Yeste A.García-García m.m. Group Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute of MaterialsUniversity of Alicante Solid Chem.stry and Catalysis Group Department of Materials ScienceMetallurgic Engineering and Inorganic ChemistryInstitute of Electronic Microscopy and Materials ResearchUniversity of Cádiz

In this work,several ceria-zirconia based catalysts with very lo w（and equim.lar） m.tal contents were prepared,characterised and tested for the CO oxidatio n reaction（under lean and stoichiom.tric conditions）,trying to em.late those conditions found in a diesel oxidation catalyst（DOC） system.from.a diesel engine and those encountered under gasoline exhaust（λ=1）.The m.tals chosen are Cu,Co,Ag and Pt（as a reliable benchm.rk）.The results reveal enorm.us differences am.ng reducibility and catalytic activity despite quite sim.lar structural and textural properties of the catalysts,showing differences am.ng dispersion（Ag-catalyst seem. to present a low level of dispersion）.This catalyst seem. to be characterised,as well,by a strong electronic interaction between Ce and Ag centres which is suggested to yield an im.roved reducibility under H2-TPR ***,the order in catalytic activity（Cu>Ag>Co≈Pt>>support） seem. not to follow the order found in reducibility and the Cu-catalyst seem. to be the m.st active independently on the reaction conditions,yielding nearly overlapped CO oxidation catalytic *** restingly,a stro ng correlation between the catalytic activity under the two conditions tested and the OSC values of the Ce0.8Zr0.2O2-supported m.tal catalysts is ***,OSC param.ter m.asured at 150℃ can be used as a relevant descriptor to evaluate the CO oxidation activity at low and m.dium.conversions for the investigated catalysts,m.ch better than the H2-TPR m.asurem.nts.

关键词： CO oxidation Low m.tal content Ceria-zirconia Copper species OSC param.ter Rare earths

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