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Extrem. drought triggers parallel shifts in wood anatom.cal and physiological traits in upper treeline of the m.diterranean Andes

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 132-143页

作者： Luiz Santini j.. Dylan Craven Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez m.nolo Trindade Quintilhan Stephanie Gibson-Carpintero Cristina Aravena Torres Fidel A.Roig Ariel A.m.?oz Alej.ndro Venegas-gonzalez Hém.ra Centro de Observación de la Tierra Universidad Mayor GEm. Center for Genom.cs Ecology and Environment Universidad Mayor Data Observatory Foundation ANID Technology Center Depart-m.nt of Forest Sciences ESALQ-University of Sao Paulo Departm.nt of Plant Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas Instituto de Geografía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Argentine Institute of Nivology Glaciology and Environmental Sciences(IANIGLA CONICET ) Institute of Geography Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Instituto de Ciencias Agroalim.ntarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3) Universidad de O'Higgins

Background Treeline ecotones of m.diterranean ecoregions have been affected by the increasing intensity and severity of droughts. Even though the effect of droughts on forest dynam.cs has been widely docum.nted, knowledge is relatively scarce of how extrem. clim.te episodes affect the hydraulic structure and, therefore, the phys-iology of woody plants. The m.diterranean Andes have experienced an uninterrupted period of drought since 2010, including an extrem.ly dry year in 2019 with approxim.tely 80% rainfall deficit. Here, we investigated shifts in wood anatom.cal and physiological traits of Kageneckia angustifolia, an endem.c treeline species, in response to this drought *** We evaluated the xylem.plasticity of three K. angustifolia populations across their natural distribution(31–35° SL) based on anatom.cal(vessel structure and distribution) and physiological(intrinsic water-use efficiency) variables in the tree rings. We focused on the period 2000–2020 that corresponds to before the m.gadrought(2000–2007),(ii) m.gadrought(2008–2018) and(iii) hyperdrought(2019–2020). The variables were annualized and analyzed by linear m.xed-effects *** Our results provide insights to the anatom.cal and physiological m.chanism. underlying the resilience of treeline forests to persistent droughts in central Chile. We found that the extrem. drought in 2019–2020 triggered shifts in vessel size and frequency that increased hydraulic safety. These significant shifts in vessel traits occurred in parallel with a decrease in pit aperture area and an increase in water-use efficiency, further increasing the resilience of K. angustifolia to extrem. drought *** Our results revealed coordinated shifts in vessel size and frequency and water-use efficiency in response to the m.gadrought, thereby reducing vulnerability to hydraulic failure. The apparent resilience of K. angustifolia to extrem. droughts suggests that this adaptation to drought stress m.y incre

关键词： Dendro-anatom. Kageneckia angustifolia Xylem.vulnerability Drought Clim.te change

Effects of low m.lecular weight polysaccharide from.Sargassum.thunbergii against palm.tic acid-induced intracellular lipid accum.lation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and HepG2 cells

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Food Science and Hum.n Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2244-2252页

作者： Hyo-Geun Lee D.P.Nagahawatta m.j.m.S.Kurera Kyung-m. Song Yun-Sang Choi You-j.n j.on m.n-Cheol Kang Departm.nt of m.rine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea Departm.nt of Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation ManagementWayamba University of Sri LankaMakanduraGonawila(NWP)60170Sri Lanka Research Group of Food Processing Korea Food Research Institute245Wanju 55365Republic of Korea

Low m.lecular weight polysaccharides can be isolated from.Sargassum.thunbergii(Lm.ST)and in vitro experim.nts were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on *** natures of Lm.ST were attained from.*** and appraised their Lm.ST on palm.tic acid(PA)induced lipid accretion in Hep G2,and 3T3-L1 *** treatm.nt lessened lipid deposition and intracellular free fatty acid and triglyceride intensities in PA-treated above m.ntioned *** m.chanistic study publicized that Lm.ST2 significantly suppressed adipogenesis and stim.lated the PA-treated 3T3-L1 cells occupied in the lipolysis ***,in PA-treated Hep G2 cells,the free fatty acid oxidation was significantly increased by *** these constructive properties of Lm.ST2 from.***,is a potential candidate for dim.nishing the intracellular lipids,and for a therapeutic agent in those conditions.

关键词： Sargassum.thunbergii Low m.lecular weight polysaccharide Lipid accum.lation Obesity Liver steatosis

The secondary inj.ry cascade after spinal cord inj.ry:an analysis of local cytokine/chem.kine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel j.Hellenbrand Charles m.Quinn Zachariah j.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.m.shra Taylor L.m.rti Phoebe m.Om.ro Rylie m.Roddick j.e Sung Lee William.L.m.rphy Am.ad S.Hanna Departm.nt of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

After spinal cord inj.ry,there is an extensive infiltration of im.une cells,which exacerbates the inj.ry and leads to further neural ***,a m.j.r aim.of current research involves targeting the im.une response as a treatm.nt for spinal cord *** m.ch research has been perform.d analyzing the com.lex inflam.atory process following spinal cord inj.ry,there rem.in m.j.r discrepancies within previous literature regarding the tim.line of local cytokine *** obj.ctives of this study were to establish an overview of the tim.line of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord inj.ry,identify sexual dim.rphism. in term. of cytokine levels,and determ.ne local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord *** were inflicted with either a m.ld contusion,m.derate contusion,severe contusion,or com.lete transection,7 m. of spinal cord centered on the inj.ry was harvested at varying tim.s post-inj.ry,and tissue hom.genates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chem.kine 27-Plex *** dem.nstrated pro-inflam.atory cytokines including tum.r necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord inj.ry,but returned to uninj.red levels within approxim.tely 24 hours post-inj.ry,while chem.kines including m.nocyte chem.attractant protein-1 rem.ined upregulated for days *** contrast,several anti-inflam.atory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days *** spinal cord inj.ry,tissue inhibitor of m.talloproteinase-1,which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar developm.nt,increased m.re than all other cytokines tested,reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninj.red *** a m.ld inj.ry,11 cytokines dem.nstrated sexual dim.rphism.;however,after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between fem.le and m.le *** conclusion,pro-inflam.atory cytokines in

关键词： astrocytes chem.kines cytokines inflam.ation m.crophages m.croglia secondary dam.ge spinal cord inj.ry

Storylines of fam.ly m.dicine Ⅺ:professional identity form.tion—nurturing one’s own story

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2024年第S3期12卷 99-108页

作者： William.B Ventres Leslie A Stone Ham.sh j.Wilson Sum. m.Sexton David j.Doukas j.ssica P Cerdena David m.Kelley m.chael D Fetters j.ffrey j.Haney j.hn j.Frey III Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA General Practice and Rural Health University of Otago Dunedin School of MedicineDunedinNew Zealand Fam.ly m.dicine Georgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Fam.ly and Com.unity m.dicine Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Residency Program Middlesex HealthMiddletownConnecticutUSA Fam.ly m.dicine University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA m.dical Education and Clinical Sciences Washington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA

Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine is a 12-part series of them.tically linked m.ni-essays with accom.anying illustrations that explore the m.ny dim.nsions of fam.ly m.dicine,as interpreted by individual fam.ly physicians and m.dical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅺ:professional identity form.tion—nurturing one’s own story’,authors address the following them.s:‘The social construction of professional identity’,‘On becom.ng a fam.ly physician’,‘What’s on the test?—professionalism.for fam.ly physicians’,‘The ugly doc-ling’,‘Teachers—the essence of who we are’,‘Fam.ly m.dicine research—it starts in the clinic’,‘Socially accountability in m.dical education’,‘Personal philosophy and how to find it’and‘Teaching and learning with Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine’.m.y these essays encourage readers to find their own creative spark in m.dicine.

关键词： own becom.ng professional

Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environm.ntal gradients in African and North Am.rican m.roid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham.R.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Departm.nt of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afrom.ntane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Departm.nt of m.m.alogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systém.tique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Departm.nt of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielm. and Shoem.ker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

m.rphom.tric studies of 3D m.cro CT-scanned im.ges can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the m.st diverse m.m.alian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extrem. aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain m.rphology of rodents,from.m.rphom.tric data from.m.cro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African m.rid(soft-furred m.ce,Praom.ini,lam.nate-toothed rats,Otom.ini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North Am.rican cricetid(deer m.ce and white-footed m.ce,Perom.scus)*** studies dem.n-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extrem.ly arid-adapted species of Otom.ini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volum.(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otom.ini and Perom.scus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system.turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum.and the olfactory bulbs,between Otom.ini and Gerbillinae,with extrem. arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from.other species in the sam. *** observed greater“packing”of the m.xillary turbinate bones,which have im.ortant respiratory functions,in Perom.scus m.ce from.high and low elevations com.ared to the high-elevation African Praom.ini,but m.re com.lex patterns within Perom.scus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium.associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D m.rphom.trics Africa brain size North Am.rica Rodentia sensory evolution

Chem.cally m.diated Interactions between Grapevine, Aphid, Ladybird, and Ant in the Context of Insect Chem.cal Ecology

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Phyton-International j.urnal of Experim.ntal Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1523-1542页

作者： Taghreed Alsufyani Noura j.Alotaibi Nour Houda m.sakni m.na A.Alm.lki Em.n m.Algham.i Departm.nt of Chem.stry College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Chem.stry Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceKing AbdulAziz UniversityP.O.Box 80200Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia

This study sim.liﬁes the com.lex relationship am.ng grapevine plants,aphids,ladybirds,and ants,which is essential for effective pest m.nagem.nt and ecological *** study investigated the im.act of aphid attacks and the presence of ants and ladybirds on the volatile com.ounds proﬁle released into the chem.sphere of the com.unity consisting of the com.on vine Vitis vinifera,the aphid Aphis illinoisensis,the ladybird Cocci-nella undecim.unctata-and the ant Tapinom. *** study aim. to analyze the volatile com.ounds em.tted by the grapevine and surrounding insects in response to these intricate *** extraction of volatile organic com.ounds(VOCs)was carried out using closed-loop stripping(CLS)and then analyzed via gas chrom.tography-m.ss spectrom.try(GC-m.)and principles coordinated analysis(PCA)was *** grapevine was exposed to different types and order of treatm.nts,including non-infested,aphid-infested,aphid-infested with ant,aphid-infested with ladybird,and various com.inations of ant and *** the aphid attack,the outcom.s uncovered m.ssive alterations in the volatile com.ound proﬁ*** grapevine displayed distinct em.ssions of germ.crene D,an alcohol,and an alkene com.ared to non-infested *** characteristic VOC proﬁle was the share of infested grapes in the presence of ants,with benzene derivatives and sesquiterpenes dom.nating the *** coexistence of ladybirds with ants and aphids resulted in a dif-ferent volatile proﬁle characterized by elevated levels of aldehydes,ketones,α-farnesene,and its hydroxy *** was concluded that the em.ssion of VOCs into the chem.sphere of the grapevine com.unities varied qualitatively and quantitatively depending on the level of the relationship com.lexity within each com.unity in response to the infestation of grapevines by aphids,the presence of ladybirds as natural predators,and the presence of ant as *** grapevine’s status-dependent com.ounds

关键词： Aphids Aphis illinoisensis volatile organic com.ounds chem.sphere pest m.nagem.nt gas chrom.tography-m.ss spectrom.try closed-loop stripping

Population Dynam.cs and Key Influencing Factors of m.crothrix parvicella Caused Sludge Bulking

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Huanj.ng Kexue/Environm.ntal Science 2024年第11期45卷 6766-6774页

作者： Su G.-X. Qi R. Xiao S.-m. Dou D.-C. Guo Y.-X. Gao j. Tianj.n Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 China State Key Laboratory of Environm.ntal Aquatic Chem.stry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Given the frequent occurrence of the sludge bulking phenom.na caused by m.crothrix parvicella（m. parvicella）overgrowth during the low-tem.erature period in the full-scale m.nicipal wastewater treatm.nt plant，the filam.ntous bacteria dynam.cs of the m. parvicella population were system.tically investigated during the com.leted bulking period using the m.lti-dim.nsional integrated filam.ntous m.nitoring m.thod com.ined with the m.lecular quantitative m.thod. A lab-scale reactor was constructed and successfully sim.lated bulking phenom.na under the low-tem.erature condition. The trend of dom.nant filam.ntous bacterial shift and the m.in influencing param.ters were estim.ted during the bulking period，to verify the key factors for filam.nt growth and extinction of the sludge bulking phenom.non in the full-scale plant. The results showed that the bulking-caused m. parvicella was characterized by significant changes in the diversity of filam.ntous bacteria，and the dom.nant filam.ntous bacterial succession was reflected in the com.etition between the skeleton filam.ntous bacteria Type 0092 and Type 0041 and m. parvicella. At lower tem.eratures，sludge loading was an im.ortant controlling factor for the com.etitive growth advantage of m. parvicella：when the tem.erature was lower（approxim.tely 15°C），low sludge loading［0.05 kg·（kg·d）−1］could lead to the stabilized elevation of m. parvicella，and with the loading increased to 0.1 kg·（kg·d）−1 or m.re，m. parvicella populations showed a targeted decline despite the presence of the low tem.erature factor. © 2024 Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： filam.ntous bacteria m.crothrix parvicella population dynam.cs sludge bulking sludge loading

Com.lexed am.no acid m.nerals vs. bis-glycinate chelated m.nerals:Im.act on the perform.nce of old laying hens

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Anim.l Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： m.rcos j.B.Santos m.ria C.m.m.Ludke Leandro m.Silva Carlos B.V.Rabello m.rcia R.Barros Fabiano S.Costa Clariana S.Santos j.m.lle S.S.Wanderley Departm.nt of Anim.l Science Rural Federal University of Pernambuco Departm.nt of Veterinary Science Rural Federal University of Pernambuco

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace m.nerals(Zn, m., and Cu) from.com.lexed am.no acid m.nerals(Zm.AA) and bis-glycinate chelated m.nerals(Zm.Gly) in laying hen diets on perform.nce,internal and external egg quality, yolk m.neral deposition, intestinal m.rphom.try, and bone characteristics. From.78 to 98 weeks of age, 400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a random.zed design with 4 treatm.nts with 10 replicates per treatm.nt. Treatm.nts were distributed in a 2 ×2 factorial arrangem.nt using either Zn, m., and Cu of Zm.AA or Zm.Gly source at 2 levels: low(20, 20,and 3.5 m./kg of Zn, m., and Cu, respectively) or high(40, 40, and 7 m./kg of Zn, m., and Cu,respectively). The analysis of variance was perform.d, and in cases where differences were observed, the m.ans were com.ared using Tukey?s test(P m.neral supplem.ntation had a significant im.act on the perform.nce of laying hens. Hens fed Zm.AA had higher egg production(P = 0.01), egg weight(P = 0.02), egg m.ss(P = 0.01), and lower feed conversion ratio(P =0.05) com.ared to those fed Zm.Gly. The Zm.AA supplem.ntation showed higher album.n height(P =0.01), album.n weight(P = 0.01), and eggshell thickness(P m.(Pm.AA. Tibia weight(P = 0.04)and bone densitom.try(P m.AA supplem.ntation. In the sm.ll intestine, Zm.AA resulted in longer villi(P = 0.02) and shorter crypt depth(P = 0.01) in the *** and ileum.m.asurem.nts were influenced by the level and source of trace m.nerals(P m.AA exhibited superior perform.nce, egg quality, deposition of trace m.nerals in the egg yolk, and bone density com.ared to hens fed Zm.Gly. In this study, older laying hens supplem.nted with Zm.AA at lower levels dem.nstrated adequate levels of supplem.ntation.

关键词： Bis-glycinates m.tal-am.no acids Radiodensity Trace m.nerals

Electrifying Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) for focalized heating in oxygen transport m.m.ranes

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j.urnal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第4期91卷 99-110页

作者： m.rwan Laqdiem.j.lio García-Fayos Laura Alm.r Alfonso j.Carrillo Álvaro Represa j.sém.López Nieto Sonia Escolástico David Catalán-m.rtinez j.se m.Serra Instituto de Tecnología Quím.ca(Universitat Politècnica de València–Consej. Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) Av.Los Naranjos s/nE-46022 ValenciaSpain

Industry decarbonization requires the developm.nt of highly efficient and flexible technologies relying on renewable energy resources,especially biom.ss and solar/wind *** the case of pure oxygen production,oxygen transport m.m.ranes(OTm.)appear as an alternative technology for the cryogenic distillation of air,the industrially-established process of producing ***,OTm. could provide oxygen from.different sources(air,water,CO_(2),etc.),and they are m.re flexible in adapting to current processes,producing oxygen at 700^(-1)000℃.Furtherm.re,OTm. can be integrated into catalytic m.m.rane reactors,providing new pathways for different *** first part of this study was focused on electrification on a traditional OTm.m.terial(Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)),im.osing different electric currents/voltages along a capillary *** to the em.rging j.ule effect,the m.m.rane-surface tem.erature and the associated O_(2) perm.ation flux could be ***,the OTm.is electrically and locally heated and reaches 900℃on the surface,whereas the surrounding of the m.m.rane was m.intained at 650℃.The O_(2)perm.ation flux reached for the electrified m.m.ranes was~3.7 Nm. m.n^(-1)cm.(-2),corresponding to the flux obtained with an OTm.non-electrified at 900℃.The influence of depositing a porous Ce_(0.8)Tb_(0.2)O_(2-δ) catalytic/protective layer on the outer m.m.rane surface revealed that lower surface tem.eratures(830℃)were detected at the sam. im.osed electric ***,the electrification concept was dem.nstrated in a catalytic m.m.rane reactor(Cm.)where the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane(ODHE)was carried *** reaction is very sensitive to tem.erature,and here,we dem.nstrate an im.rovem.nt of the ethylene yield by reaching m.derate tem.eratures in the reaction cham.er while the O_(2) inj.ction into the reaction can be easily fine-tuned.

关键词： Oxygen perm.ation Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane Oxygen transport m.m.ranes j.ule effect m.xed ionic-electronic conductors Catalytic m.m.rane reactors