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Comparison of in Clinic-Based Fecal Microbiome Collection Techniques for Increase in Study Participation and Utilization of Microbiome Analysis

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Open j.urnal of Urology 2019年第3期9卷 51-61页

作者： Benj.min D. Besasie Dimpy P. Shah Robin j. leach Michael A. Liss Department of Urology UT Health San Antonio San Antonio TX USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics UT Health San Antonio San Antonio TX USA

We compared the collection techniques of fecal specimens for DNA extraction and fecal microbiome analysis by utilizing the glove from a standard-of-care digital rectal exam (DRE) and the rectal swab from a pre-prostate biopsy bacterial rectal culture collected in clinical care settings. DNA yield from the swab technique compared to the glove technique yielded similar amounts of DNA (18.1 vs. 13.1 ng/μL, p = 0.06), slightly favoring the swab technique. However, utilizing DNA yield cutoffs of 15 ng/μL (37% vs. 29%, p = 0.18) and 30 ng/μL (15% and 9%, p = 0.16), we identified no differences in yield between the swab versus glove technique, respectively. Absorbance values for overall DNA quality were significantly different in favor of the glove technique (mean 1.6 vs. 2.0, p < 0.001). Using an absorbance value of 1.5 as an indication of DNA quality, only 26% (19/91) met the cutoff value using the swab group compared to 47.3% (53/112) if the glove technique was used (p < 0.001). Similar results occurred for the RNA quality with an absorbance value cutoff of 2.0 (2.2% vs. 30.4%, p < 0.001). To increase sampling feasibility and improve population sampling, gloves used from a DRE may be utilized as a consistent and efficient fecal DNA collection technique for fecal microbiome analysis. DNA yield and quality from the glove technique are comparable to—if not better than—rectal swab collection.

关键词： Fecal Microbiome Stool Collection Technique Swab Glove Urology Digital Rectal Exam 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Prevalence of Isolated “Pre-Malignant” Lesions on Prostate Biopsy in a Racially Diverse Community Screened Cohort

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Open j.urnal of Urology 2015年第12期5卷 213-219页

作者： Michael A. Liss Donna Ankerst David Zapata j.vier Hernandez Robin j. leach Ian M. Thompson Department of Urology University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio USA Department of Cellular and Structural Biology University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio USA Cancer Therapy and Research Center University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio USA

Obj.ctive: We investigated rates of prostate cancer (PCa), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplaisa (HGPIN) and atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) in a multiethnic cohort. Methods: We evaluated prostate biopsy outcomes in men enrolled in the San Antonio Center of Biomarkers of Risk for prostate cancer (SABOR) prospective, observational study. PCa-free men underwent annual PSA testing over nearly 14 years with biopsies based on community standards. We investigated biopsy outcomes with a special interest in rates of cancer, HGPIN, and ASAP. Results: We identified 975 prostate biopsies in 801 subj.cts from 3/1/2001 to 1/9/2014. PCa, HGPIN, or ASAP was encountered in 28.8% (281/975), 10.1% (98/975), and 5.2% (51/975) of prostate biopsy specimens, respectively. The most significant risk factor for a PCa diagnosis was African American race (OR 5.0, 95% CI: 2.2 - 11.4, p < 0.001). HGPIN and ASAP occurred more commonly in association with PCa (both p < 0.001). We identified 57% (24/42) of men diagnosed with a “pre-malignant” lesion on prostate biopsy and had a subsequent biopsy. Of those only 8% (2/24) were diagnosed with prostate cancer (both Gleason 3 + 3) within 1 year of the initial biopsy. Conclusion: We note a 5-fold increased risk of PCa for African American men. The incidence of HGPIN and ASAP are consistent with previously reported incidence. If diagnosed in isolation, repeat biopsy within one year could be delayed or eliminated as it may not change prostate cancer outcomes.

关键词： Active Surveillance Ethnicity Prostate Biopsy Prostate Cancer Race

The OryzaSNP Proj.ct-SNP Discovery in Diverse Rice

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分子植物育种 2007年第2期5卷 246-247页

作者： K. McNally R. Bruskiewich D. Mackill D. Weigel K. Frazer K. Childs R. Buell j. leach H. Leung International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology D-72076 Tübingen Germany Perlegen Sciences Inc. 2021 Stierlin Court Mountain View CA 94043 USA The Institute for Genomic Research 9712 Medical Center Dr. Rockville MD 20850 USA Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State UniversityFt. Collins CO 80523 USA

The OryzaSNP proj.ct (http://***) is undertaking SNP discovery across the entire rice genome for 20 diverse varieties (McNally et al., 2006). These varieties include representatives from the indica, tropical

关键词：低聚物序列稻子单倍体种植技术

Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher j.O’Connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA j.mes L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain inj.ry(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon j.Brown Rafael j.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

The nature of the companion of PSR j.719-1438: a white dwarf or an exotic obj.ct?

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 813-816页

作者： j. E. Horvath Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosfricas - Universidade de So Paulo

We raise the possibility that the very dense, compact companion of PSR j.719-1438, which has a j.piter-like mass, is an exotic quark obj.ct rather than a light helium or carbon white dwarf. The exotic hypothesis naturally explains some of the observed features, and provides quite strong predictions for this system, to be confirmed or refuted in feasible future studies.

关键词： binary pulsars -- exotic matter-- pulsars: individual (PSR j.719-1438)

Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia S.Rex David j.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National Science Foundation(NSF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the maj.r professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael j.Lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:The brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two maj.r endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).The structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

Constraints on what controls millennial-scale basin-wide denudation across mountain belts, Asia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 74-93页

作者： Ye YANG Steven A.BINNIE Sheng XU Cong-Qiang LIU Tibor j.DUNAI Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Institute of Geology and Mineralogy University of Cologne

The terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dataset consisting of 123310Be measurements of fluvial sediment samples across the Asian mountain belts is used to constrain the influence of climate,tectonics and topography on Earth-surface denudation processes.10Be-derived basin-wide denudation rates were recalculated using a Monte Carlo simulation approach that relied on pixel-by-pixel production *** rates derived span four orders of magnitude,from 7.4±0.7 mm kyr-1（1σ;Central Tibetan Plateau） to 9,646744+777mm kyr-1（1σ;Southern Tibetan Plateau）,with a median of 186 mm *** our results with the traditional basin-wide production rate scaling model using a centroid coordinate and mean elevation,suggests that 96.6%of production rates will be underestimated using the latter method,especially for basins with a large *** bias between both methods reaches as large as 40%,caused by basin hypsometry and the nonlinear scaling of production rate with elevation and *** of the correlations between uniformly recalculated denudation rates and tectonics,climate,topography and rock lithology will facilitate the extrapolation of denudation rates in unknown basins using available *** the perspective of local scales,precipitation coupled with neotectonics-driven landslides is likely the most influential factor in subtropical Taiwan Island,while topography primarily constrains surface denudation rates in the eastern Tibetan Plateau within a narrow range of *** highland regions with glacier coverage,such as the Pamir,central and southern Tibetan Plateau high denudation rates are affected by glaciation,whereas lower precipitation and high erosion base level may limit river incision and evolving relief in the Central Tibetan *** contrast to local-scale findings highlighting a dominant factor constraining denudation rate,our large-scale quantitative analyses across the Asian mountain belts finds that （1） topographic metrics including

关键词： 10Be-derived denudation rate Climate change Tectonic uplift Topographic gradient Asian mountains