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Positive Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Physiological Response and Fruit Yield in Citrus Orchards： Implications for Sustainable Water Savings

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j.urnal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2010年第3期4卷 38-44页

作者： I. Garcia-Tej.ro j. A. j.menez-Bocanegra V. H. Duran-Zuazo R. Romero-Vicente j. L. Muriel-Fernandez IFAPA Centro Las Torres-Tomejil. Ctra. Sevilla-Cazalla Kin. 122.41200. Alcala del Rio Sevilla Spain

Different strategies of deficit irrigation based on water stress dynamics were applied in an 11-year old citrus trees （Citrus sinensis L. Osb. cv. Navelina） grafted on carrizo citrange （Citrus sinensis L. Osb.×Poncirus Trifoliata L. Osb.）. The trees were subj.cted to two irrigation treatments：（1） sustainable deficit irrigation （SDI） established with water supplied at 60% of the crop evapotranspiration （ETc） and （2） low frequency deficit irrigation （LFDI） irrigated according to the plant water status. In addition, a treatment irrigated at 100% of ETc was included as a control （C）. Midday stem-water potential （ψUstem）, stomatal conductance （gs）, and micrometric trunk diameter fluctuations were measured during the maximum evapotranspirative demand period to evaluate the plant-water status, and establish the main relationships among them. The seasonal pattern of the studied variables had a behavior consistent with the contributions made by the volumes of applied irrigation water. Especially significant close relationships of ψstem with gs, and with the maximum daily shrinkage （MDS） were found. The lowest ψstem and gs values were registered in the treatments with lowest irrigations levels （SDI and LFDI）, being the MDS was significative higher than in the C treatment. The LFDI showed an oscillating behavior in these parameters, which was on line with the supplied irrigation restrictions cycles. Thus, according to the results of the present experiment the physiological stress indexes based in MDS or ψstem allow establishing different irrigation restriction cycles, encouraging important water saving without significant impact on yield and the fruit quality parameters.

关键词： Citrus sustainable deficit irrigation (SDI), low frequency deficit irrigation (LFDI), midday stem water potential (Tstem), stomatal conductance (gs), maximum daily shrinkage (MDS).

Selection of digital fabrication technique in the construction industry--A multi-criteria decision-making approach

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 977-997页

作者： M.P.SALAIMANIMAGUDAM j.j.YAPRAKASH Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering School of Civil EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Digital fabrication techniques,in recent decades,have provided the basis of a sustainable revolution in the construction ***,selecting the digital fabrication method in terms of manufacturability and functionality requirements is a complex *** paper presents alternatives and criteria for selection of digital fabrication techniques by adopting the multi-criteria decision-making *** alternatives considered in the study are concrete three-dimensional(3D)printing,shotcrete,smart dynamic casting,material intrusion,mesh molding,inj.ction concrete 3D printing,and thin forming *** criteria include formwork utilization,reinforcement incorporation,geometrical complexity,material enhancement,assembly complexity,surface finish,and build *** demonstrates different multi-criteria decision-making techniques,with both subj.ctive and obj.ctive weighting *** given ranking is based on the current condition of digital fabrication in the construction *** study reveals that in the selection of digital fabrication techniques,the criteria including reinforcement incorporation,build area,and geometrical complexity play a pivotal role,collectively accounting for nearly 70% of the overall *** the evaluated techniques,concrete 3D printing emerged as the best performer,however the shotcrete and mesh molding techniques in the second and third positions.

关键词： digital fabrication multicriteria decision-making concrete 3D printing

STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION OF TITANIUM-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BY X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2002年第1期15卷 53-57页

作者： Z.Y. Wu j. Zhang K. Ibrahim M.I. Abbas G. Li Y. Tao T.D. Hu F.Q. Liu H.j. Qian Y.N. Xie Q.H. Zhang L. Gao Z.Z. Chen Beij.ng Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy PhysicsThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039China Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Istituto Nazionali di Fisica Nucleare Via Enrico Fermi 40P.O. Box 13I-00044 FrascatiItaly Beij.ng Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy PhysicsThe Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Shanghai Institute of Ceramics The Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China

As a potential application of titanium-oxide nanoparticles, it is extremely important to investigate a detailed picture of the surface and interior structural properties of nanocrystalline materials, such as rutile and anatase with diameters 7.0 and 4.5nm, respectively. X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to identify the local Ti environment and related electronic structure. We combine the experimental results at the Ti edge in both bulk and nano-crystals to determine the lattice distortion in terms of differently characteristic preedge features and the variation in the multiple-scattering region of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. The relationship between the transition peaks and the surface-to volume ratio is also discussed.

关键词： X-ray absorption near edge structure nano particle transition metal oxide

Virus-Induced Cancers in Africa: Epidemiology and Carcinogenesis Mechanisms

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Open j.urnal of Pathology 2018年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： D. Moukassa A. M. Boumba C. F. Ngatali A. Ebatetou j. B. Nkoua Mbon j.-R. Ibara Département de santé et biologie humaine Faculté des sciences de la santé Université Marien N’gouabi Brazzaville Congo Laboratoire d’analyses médicales et morphologiques H&ocirc pital général de Loandj.li Pointe-Noire Congo Service de cancérologie et médecine interne H&ocirc pital général de Loandj.li Pointe-Noire Congo Service de carcinologie et radiothérapie CHU de Brazzaville Congo Service de gastro-entérologie et médecine interne CHU de Brazzaville Congo

The resurgence of infectious diseases on the African continent plays a maj.r role in the increase in cancer occurrence. Whereas in developed countries the causes of occurrence of cancers are related mainly to non-infectious factors;cancers of infectious origin become a dramatic particularity in Africa. The proportion of virus-induced cancers may reach up to 75% of cancer cases in certain countries. Oncogenic viruses such as human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis viruses B and C, human herpes virus 8 and Epstein Barr virus in association with human immunodeficiency virus are the main viral etiologies of cancers in Africa, representing around 30% of cancers causes. Optimistically, 30% of cancers could be prevented in Africa. However, health burden prevails on the continent due to the weakness of health policy especially regarding preventive medicine, but also the limited technical facilities, poor manpower and insufficient political commitment. We felt urgent to review the state of the art of the question, and necessary to analyze and publicize the current epidemiological advances in oncogenic viruses and virus-induced cancers in Africa. Prevention implies understanding, which is compulsory to reverse the current trends and to potentially instate a control of virus-induced cancers.

关键词： Virus-Induced Cancers Infectious Diseases Tumor Viruses Africa

Destructive and Nondestructive Determination of <sup>226</sup>Ra and <sup>228</sup>Ra in Drinking Water by Gamma Spectrometry

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j.urnal of Environmental Protection 2020年第4期11卷 257-268页

作者： A. j. Khan A. Bari M. A. Torres D. K. Haines T. j. Hoffman T. M. Semkow Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health Albany NY USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health University at Albany State University of New York Rensselaer NY USA

The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) mandates that the drinking water should be monitored for 226Ra and 228Ra isotopes and establishes the Maximum Contaminant Level of 185 mBq/L (5 pCi·L-1) for the sum. In addition, SDWA regulates the Detection Limit (DL) of 37.0 mBq/L (1 pCi/L) for each isotope. The purpose of this work is to develop a working method for the determination of radium isotopes in drinking water satisfying the regulatory requirements of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by utilizing our extensive experience in low-background gamma spectrometry at this laboratory. Two versions of the method were studied: destructive and non-destructive. Destructive method used the BaSO4 coprecipitation as well as 133Ba tracer for chemical recovery. We have used three gamma spectrometers: low-background 102% and 134% efficient with top muon guards, as well as an ultralow-background 140% efficient with full muon guard. We obtained a range of DLs from 5.3 to 22.6 mBq/L for 226Ra and from 7.4 to 30.4 mBq/L for 228Ra using the destructive method. For non-destructive method, the DL range was 26.0 to 26.9 mBq/L for 226Ra and 27.6 to 28.6 mBq/L for 228Ra using the 140% detector. To verify the methods, 7 to 10 laboratory control samples were spiked with both 226Ra and 228Ra at two different activities of 37.0 and 185 mBq/L. The results were evaluated by performing a combined location/variance chi-square test at a right-tail significance of 0.01 (99% Confidence Level), as stipulated by EPA. The verification results passed the chi-square tests at both activity levels. The destructive method can be accomplished using low-background gamma spectrometry, whereas non-destructive method requires ultralow-background gamma spectrometry.

关键词： Radioactive Pollution Germanium Detector Detection Limit Chi-Square Test

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都铎疑云

Plasma sheet stretching accompanied by field aligned energetic ion fluxes observed by the NUADU instrument aboard TC-2

作者： (英)C. j. 桑森(C.j. Sansom)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第12期52卷 1719-1723页

作者： LU Li S. MCKENNA-LAWLOR S. BARABASH LIU ZhenXing CAO j.nBin j. BALAZ K. KUDELA T. L. ZHANG C. M. CARR Centre for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Space Technology Ireland National University of Ireland Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland Swedish Institute of Space Physics Kiruna Sweden Institute of Experimental Physics Kosice Slovakia Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz Austria Imperial College of Science London United Kingdom

NUADU (中立原子察觉者单位) 在 TC-2 上的仪器记录了在 thenear 地球血浆表盘旋在磁场线附近的控告的粒子(E>180 keV ) 的 4nsolid 角度图象(在 ~-7 R_E，赤道的 dawn-to-night 方面) 在地磁气的暴风雨(Dst=-219 nT ) 期间在 2005 年 8... 详细信息

NUADU (中立原子察觉者单位) 在 TC-2 上的仪器记录了在 thenear 地球血浆表盘旋在磁场线附近的控告的粒子(E>180 keV ) 的 4nsolid 角度图象(在 ~-7 R_E，赤道的 dawn-to-night 方面) 在地磁气的暴风雨(Dst=-219 nT ) 期间在 2005 年 8 月 24 日。对称的、似环的、稳固的角度分布在周围的磁场线附近描绘的精力充沛的离子横梁事件被 theTC-2 太空船在血浆表的 34-minutetraversal 期间观察。另外，观察被磁强计实验(FGM ) 在一样的太空船上在血浆表的这些多重十字路口期间监视。在每个十字路口期间，口哨声模式合唱团改进被 TC-2 低频率电磁波察觉者(LFEW/TC-2 ) 就在本地更低的混血儿的上面在频率在各向异性的区域观察波浪。离子的比较与这块地里的改进排列了的周围的磁场表演搭角度分发(垫) 地图精力充沛的离子流动被尾巴病房在血浆表拉长磁场线伴随。相反，垂直离子流动改进被在血浆表显示磁场线的相应收缩的签名伴随。因为平行离子流动和垂直离子流动改进间歇地发生了，数据被解释暗示磁场线的一个动态、摆动的过程(拉长并且缩小)在thenear地球血浆表，它可能行动了帮助在将支持在进行中的磁性的暴风雨期间被触发的连续 aurora-substorm 的这个区域建立一个相互作用区域。Thewhistler 模式合唱团可能在血浆表压缩以后在粒子沥青角度散开期间由于离子旋转罗盘回声被生产了。

关键词：近地等离子体片螺旋角分布离子流氖中立原子探测装置大气科学

Measuring the Adiabatic Ignition Delay of n-Pentane Mixture using Rapid Compression Machine

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j.urnal of Thermal Science 2022年第2期31卷 552-560页

作者： j.A.Piehl O.Samimi-Abianeh Mechanical Engineering Department of Wayne State University DetroitMIUnited States of America

Recent combustion research has focused on low temperature combustion to meet engine emission regulations and to advance the development of low temperature homogenous compression ignition *** studies in this temperature regime are primarily performed by Rapid Compression Machines(RCMs)which are sensitive to the heat transfer characteristics of the experimental *** are widely used to measure autoignition data such as ignition delay and species *** ignition delays from RCMs are typically reported at an adiabatic condition;however,this assumption may produce a systematic error in ignition delay measurement as heat transfer is observed to reduce the pressure and temperature during the autoignition process,e.g.,a longer ignition delay has a greater pressure and temperature *** are custom built and have unique design characteristics that affect the heat transfer during the autoignition *** addition,depending on the diluent composition(e.g.,helium versus nitrogen or argon),different heat transfer characteristics are *** a result,autoignition results at similar conditions may vary from facility to facility or depending on the used *** dependency of the measured data on the used facility or diluent may produce uncertainty in the data which impact the development of high-fidelity combustion *** this work,a new method is developed and utilized to eliminate heat transfer from the ignition delay *** evaluate the new method,the autoignition of n-pentane mixtures in the low temperature regime were investigated using an *** vary the heat transfer,the compression ratio of the RCM was changed and the ignition delays were measured at similar pressure and temperature *** tests were performed at an equivalence ratio of approximately one and nitrogen and argon as *** applying the new method,the effect of heat transfer on the ignition delays were eliminated successfully and ignitio

关键词： heat transfer Rapid Compression Machine(RCM) n-pentane autoignition ignition delay

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