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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 426-439页

作者： Rebecca SAFRAN Samuel FLAXMAN Michael KOPP Darren E. irwin Derek BRIGGS Matthew R. EVANS W. Chris FUNK david A. GRAY Eileen A. HEBETS Nathalie SEDDON Elizabeth SCORDATO Laurel B. SYMES j.seph A. TOBIAS david P. L. TOEWS j. Albert C. UY Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. Mathematics and B iosciences Group Faculty of Mathematics University of Vienna A-1090 Vienna Austria Current address Evolutionary Biology and Modeling Group Faculty of Sciences Aix-Marseille University 13331 Marseille France. Department of Zoology University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4. Research ＆ Evaluation Methodology School of Education University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A. Department of Biology California State University Northridge CA 91330 U.S.A. School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588 U.S.A. Edward Grey Institute Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PS UK Committee on Evolutionary Biology The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637U.S.A. Department of Biology Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 U.S.A. Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables FL 33146 U.S.A.

Whereas a rich literature exists for estimating population genetic divergence, metrics of phenotypic trait divergence are lacking, particularly for comparing multiple traits among three or more populations. Here, we review and analyze via simula- tion Hedges＇ g, a widely used parametric estimate of effect size. Our analyses indicate that g is sensitive to a combination of unequal trait variances and unequal sample sizes among populations and to changes in the scale of measurement. We then go on to derive and explain a new, non-parametric distance measure, ＇Aft＇, which is caiculated based upon a j.int cumulative distribution function （CDF） from all populations under study. More precisely, distances are measured in terms of the percentiles in this CDF at which each population＇s median lies. Ap combines many desirable features of other distance metrics into a single metric; namely, compared to other metrics, p is relatively insensitive to unequal variances and sample sizes among the populations sam- pied. Furthermore, a key feature of Ap--and our main motivation for developing it--is that it easily accommodates simultaneous comparisons of any number of traits across any number of populations. To exemplify its utility, we employ Ap to address a ques- tion related to the role of sexual selection in speciation： are sexual signals more divergent than ecological traits in closely related taxa？ Using traits of known function in closely related populations, we show that traits predictive of reproductive performance are indeed, more divergent and more sexually dimorphic than traits related to ecological adaptation [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 426-439 2012].

关键词： Effect size Phenotype divergence Sexual dimorphism Sexual selection Speciation

Three Protocols Designed to Individualize and Maximize Anti-Cancer Drug Therapy

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j.urnal of Cancer Therapy 2015年第12期6卷 1103-1113页

作者： Arthur j. Weiss irwin L. Stoloff Division of Medical Oncology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia Pa USA

The role that attaining maximum drug dosage intensity plays in many anti-cancer protocols is a maj.r one, particularly in those protocols that attempt to totally eradicate the neoplasm. A classic approach to facilitate this process utilizes stem cell transplants as well as the use of hematopoetic growth factors. However, problems arise with both allogenic and autologous transplants as well as from the significant variability in drug tolerance between individual patients. With average fixed dose protocols, these problems substantially limit the ability to optimize drug dosage. We attempted to circumvent this difficulty by using low dose continuous infusional therapy of variable duration depending upon the patient’s response, together with simultaneous hematopoietic growth factor support. This paper presents our results with three drugs, doxorubicin, ifosphamide, and vinorelbine. With these protocols, we were able to individualize and optimize the amount of drug delivered to each patient, as well as to substantially increase the drug dosage intensity of each of these agents.

关键词： Dosage Intensification Doxorubicin Ifosphamide Vinorelbine Schedule Modification

Novel data-driven subtypes and stages of brain atrophy in the ALS-FTD spectrum

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 50-69页

作者： Ting Shen j.cob W.Vogel j.ffrey Duda j.ffrey S.Phillips Philip ACook j.mes Gee Lauren Elman Colin Quinn Defne A.Amado Michael Baer Lauren Massimo Murray Grossman david j.irwin Corey T.McMillan Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center Department of NeurologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Clinical Sciences SciLifeLabLund University22242 LundSweden Penn Image Computing and Science Lab(PICSL) Department of RadiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of Penn-sylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Neurology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Digital Neuropathology Laboratory Department of NeurologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA.

Background TDP-43 proteinopathies represent a spectrum of neurological disorders,anchored clinically on either end by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and frontotemporal degeneration(FTD).The ALS-FTD spectrum exhibits a diverse range of clinical presentations with overlapping phenotypes,highlighting its *** study was aimed to use disease progression modeling to identify novel data-driven spatial and temporal subtypes of brain atrophy and its progression in the ALS-FTD *** We used a data-driven procedure to identify 13 anatomic clusters of brain volume for 57 behavioral variant FTD(bvFTD;with either autopsy-confirmed TDP-43 or TDP-43 proteinopathy-associated genetic variants),103 ALS,and 47 ALS-FTD patients with likely TDP-43.A Subtype and Stage Inference(SuStaIn)model was trained to identify subtypes of individuals along the ALS-FTD spectrum with distinct brain atrophy patterns,and we related subtypes and stages to clinical,genetic,and neuropathological features of *** SuStaIn identified three novel subtypes:two disease subtypes with predominant brain atrophy in either prefrontal/somatomotor regions or limbic-related regions,and a normal-appearing group without obvious brain *** limbic-predominant subtype tended to present with more impaired cognition,higher frequencies of pathogenic variants in TBK1 and TARDBP genes,and a higher proportion of TDP-43 types B,E and *** contrast,the prefrontal/somatomotor-predominant subtype had higher frequencies of pathogenic variants in C9orf72 and GRN genes and higher proportion of TDP-43 type *** normal-appearing brain group showed higher frequency of ALS relative to ALS-FTD and bvFTD patients,higher cognitive capacity,higher proportion of lower motor neuron onset,milder motor symptoms,and lower frequencies of genetic pathogenic *** overall SuStaIn stages also correlated with evidence for clinical progression including longer disease duration,higher King’s stage,and cog

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Frontotemporal degeneration Disease heterogeneity SuStaIn model

The Relation between the Initial Type of Schedule Used to Administer Doxorubicin and Long-Term Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity

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j.urnal of Cancer Therapy 2014年第12期5卷 1145-1152页

作者： Arthur j. Weiss irwin L. Stoloff Antonio C. Simoes Richard D. Lackman Division of Medical Oncology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA North Penn Hospital Landsdale PA USA Division of Orthopedic Oncology Cooper University Hospital Camden NJ USA

Background: As more patients survive cancer chemotherapy, problems associated with the late complications of therapy have become increasingly apparent;late doxorubicin cardio-myopathy being one of the most pressing. The relationship between initial dose, schedule employed, and etiology are still not well defined. This study attempts to clarify some of these issues. Methods: Patients receiving large total doses of doxorubicin by schedules designed to minimize peak drug levels were monitored in regard to their cardiac status for up to 31 years following completion of doxorubicin therapy. A computer program predicting the amount of doxorubicin retained by the heart vs. schedules employed was devised with the predictions of the computer program being compared to the clinical findings. Results: 1365 patients receiving doses of doxorubicin greater than 610 mgm./M2 were monitored for up to 31 years following completion of such therapy. No patient developed unequivocal clinical and pathologic evidence of a doxorubicin related cardiomyopathy. Knowing that human cardio-myocytes contain enzymes capable of neutralizing doxorubicin, a computer program predicted that by increasing their efficiency, the schedules employed substantially l decreased the relative amount of drug retained by the heart, findings compatible with both animal experiments and clinical results. Conclusions: administration of doxorubicin by schedules in which peak plasma levels of drug were minimized resulted in marked decreases in both acute and long-term cardiac toxicity;believed to be due to potentiation of myocardial enzymes capable of inactivating the drug.

关键词： Late Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity Initial Type of Doxorubicin Schedule

The Effect of Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor upon the Induction of Peripheral Blood Dendritic and Natural Killer Cells When Given Simultaneously with a Slow Continuous Doxorubicin Infusion

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j.urnal of Cancer Therapy 2017年第7期8卷 637-644页

作者： Arthur j.Weiss irwin L.Stoloff Antonio C.Simoes Division of Medical Oncology Thomas Jefferson School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUSA Division of Surgery North Penn HospitalLandsdaleUSA

It has been demonstrated that it is safe to give Gm-Csf, together with Doxorubicin, by continuous intravenous infusion, thereby substantially increasing the amount of Doxorubicin administered to the average patient, and assuring that each patient receives an individually-determined safe and maximal amount of drug. It is known that Gm-Csf is a potent inducer of components that are maj.r factors in an immunologic attack upon neoplasms. For that reason, we thought it would be worth evaluating in 4 patients’ surface markers of dendritic precursor cells, dendritic cells [DC], and natural killer [NK] cells during the infusion. While there was substantial variation in individual responses, all 4 patients receiving Gm-Csf developed persistent marked increases in cells with each of these markers. The significance of these findings will be discussed.

关键词： Doxorubicin Infusion Dendritic Killer Cells

Operations now : profitability, processes, performance / 2nd ed.

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Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-j.t taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

丛书名： The McGraw-Hill/irwin series operations management

2006年

作者： Byron j. Finch.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.j. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.j. Addison j. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras j. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuj. X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi j. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.j. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke j.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen j.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki j.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.j. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena j.F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos j.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah j. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.j. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.j. Bailey V.R. Bailey j.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas j. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of j.ts originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high performances in rej.cting j.ts from gluon over j.ts from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the j.t,and the other combines several j.t substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the j.t *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for j.ts with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS j.T QUARK GLUON TAGGING

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葡萄糖聚合物促进大鼠回肠囊钙吸收的研究

营养学报 1988年第2期 165-167页

作者：郑家驹,Richard j. Wood,irwin H. Rosenberg 苏州市第三人民医院消化病研究室美国农业部人类营养老年研究中心美国农业部人类营养老年研究中心苏州市美国波士顿美国波士顿

本文报告了运用翻转的大鼠回肠囊这一体外实验方法测定葡萄糖聚合物对小肠钙吸收影响的研究,并通过与葡萄糖以及乳糖对小肠钙吸收影响的比较,探讨了葡萄糖聚合物的作用机制。实验结果表明,葡萄糖聚合物可明显地促进翻转的游离回肠囊对... 详细信息

本文报告了运用翻转的大鼠回肠囊这一体外实验方法测定葡萄糖聚合物对小肠钙吸收影响的研究,并通过与葡萄糖以及乳糖对小肠钙吸收影响的比较,探讨了葡萄糖聚合物的作用机制。实验结果表明,葡萄糖聚合物可明显地促进翻转的游离回肠囊对钙的吸收。乳糖与葡葡糖也有类似的促进作用。与缓冲液相比,促进钙吸收分别达33、30.7及24.7％。提示上述糖溶液的促进钙吸收作用为一种非特异性机制所致的效应。

关键词：葡萄糖聚合物钙摄取与吸收翻转大鼠回肠囊

Operations management / William j. Stevenson. 7th ed.; International ed.

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