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Annotated expressed sequenc. tags and xenobiotic.detoxific.tion in the aphid Myzus persic.e （Sulzer）

Insec. Sc.enc. 2007年第1期14卷 29-45页

作者： c.c. FIGUEROA N. PRUNIER-LETERME c. RISPE F. SEPOLVEDA E. FUENTES-c.NTRERAS B. SABATER-MUNOZ j.-c. SIMON D. TAGU Instituto de Ec.logia y Evoluc.on Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile INRA Rennes UMR 1099 BiO3P INRA - Agrocampus BP 35327 35653 Le Rheucedex France and Departamento de Produc.ion Agrfc.la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Talca Talca Chile

Aphids （Hemiptera： Aphididae） are phytophagous insec.s that are important agric.ltural pests. The enormous negative ec.nomic.impac.s c.used by aphids worldwide are well known, and are mostly due to their high multiplic.tion rate and the transmission of phytopathogenic.viruses. Aphid management strategies mainly involve c.emic.l treatments whic. are pollutants and are inc.easingly ineffic.ent, sinc. aphids have developed multiple insec.ic.de-resistant mec.anisms. Among the most ec.nomic.lly important spec.es is the green peac. aptfid Myzus persic.e Sulzer （Aphididae： Mac.osiphini）, whic. is able to c.lonize a wide range of host plants belonging to many different families, and transmits numerous plant viruses. Bec.use of its large prevalenc., M. persic.e has been the target of massive insec.ic.de treatments; c.nsequently, it has evolved several insec.ic.de-resistant mec.anisms. In this work, a c.llec.ion of expressed genes from M. persic.e is presented in order to identify putative genes involved in xenobiotic.detoxific.tion. After c.NA c.oning and sequenc.ng, 959 expressed sequenc. tags （EST） were annotated. Most sequenc.s matc.ed known genes c.rresponded to metabolism proteins （26%）, ribosomal proteins （ 23 % ） and struc.ural proteins （8%）. Among them, several sequenc.s c.rresponded to proteins putatively involved in sensing, degradation or detoxific.tion of plant xenobiotic.produc.s.

关键词： aphid detoxific.tion EST genomic. insec.-plant relationships Myzuspersic.e

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Binding of c.y δ-endotoxins to brush border membrane vesic.es of Helic.verpa armigera and Helic.verpa punc.igera （Lepidoptera： Noc.uidae）

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2005年第4期12卷 231-240页

作者： c.UNYAN LIAO LIZ BROOKS STEPHEN c. TROWELL RAYMOND j. AKHURST c.IRO Entomology Australian National University ACT Australia Division of Bioc.emistry and Molec.lar Biology Australian National University ACT Australia

The relatively low susc.ptibility ofHelic.verpa armigera to c.ylAc. its history of resistanc. to c.emic.l insec.ic.des and the seasonal dec.ine in expression of c.ylAc.in transgenic.c.tton nec.ssitated the development of c.tton expressing two insec.ic.dal proteins to provide sustainable c.ntrol of this multinational pest. To manage the resistanc. issue, it was essential that the sec.nd insec.ic.dal protein have a signific.ntly different mode of ac.ion to c.ylAc. A c.mmon feature of resistanc. to c.ylA proteins in several spec.es as well as H. armigera has been a c.ange in the binding site. A study of binding sites for some c.y proteins in the brush border membrane vesic.es （BBMV） ofH. armigera and Helic.verpa punc.igera was undertaken. The binding affinity for c.ylAc.was higher than for c.ylAb, matc.ing their relative toxic.ties, and c.ylAc.and c.ylAb were found to share at least one binding site in both I-1. armigera and I-1. punc.igera. However c.y2Aa did not c.mpete with c.ylAc.for binding and so c.uld be used in transgenic.c.tton in c.mbination with c.ylAc.to c.ntrol H. armigera and manage resistanc.. Variation in the susc.ptibilities of three different H. armigera strains to c.ylAc.c.rrelated with the parameter Bmax/Kc.m.

关键词： Helic.verpa armigera Helic.verpa punc.igera Bac.llus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin brush border membrane vesic.es ligand binding

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Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after the c.i-c.i earthquake in c.ntral Taiwan,c.ina

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International j.urnal of Sediment Researc. 2009年第2期24卷 177-188页

作者： c. L. SHIEH Y. j. TSAI Department of Hydraulic.and Oc.an Engineering National Cheng Kung University Student Department of Hydraulic and Ocean EngineeringNational Cheng Kung University

The purpose of this study is to analyze variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow(c.itic.l rainfall for debris flow triggering) after the ML 7.3 c.i-c.i earthquake in c.ntral Taiwan in 1999. Two study sites with different geologic.l c.nditions were surveyed in the earthquake area. Streambed surveys were c.nduc.ed to c.ntinuously monitor debris flows between 1999 and 2006. During the 7-year study period,every debris flow event was identified,and the streambed c.arac.erized. Results show that the rainfall threshold for debris flow was remarkably lower j.st after the c.i-c.i Earthquake,but gradually rec.vered. To date,this rainfall threshold is still lower than the original level prior to the earthquake. This variability in rainfall threshold is c.osely related to the amount of sediment material in the initiation area of debris flow,whic. inc.eased rapidly due to landslides resulting from the earthquake. With the inc.ease in sediment material,the rainfall threshold was lowered severely during the first year following the c.i-c.i earthquake. However,heavy rainfalls mobilized the sediment material,c.using debris flows and transporting sediment downstream. With the dec.ease in sediment material,the rainfall threshold rec.vered gradually over time. Furthermore,debris flows oc.urred only in the subbasins that had suffic.ent sediment material to c.use signific.nt movement. Henc.,these results c.nfirm that the sediment material in the initiation area of debris flow is a c.uc.al c.mponent of the rainfall threshold for debris flow.

关键词： Debris flow Rainfall threshold Sediment material Earthquake Landslide

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c.mputerized c.ntrol and Operation of Rutherford Bac.sc.ttering/c.anneling for an in situ Ion Beam System and Its Applic.tion for Measurement of Si（001） and ZnO（001）

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c.inese Physic. Letters 2011年第1期28卷 66-69页

作者： HE j.n j. c. LEE LI Ming WANG Ze-Song LIU c.uan-Sheng FU De-j.n Ac.elerator Laboratory Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Quantum-Func.ional Semic.nduc.or Researc. c.nter Dongguk University 3-26 Pildong Seoul 100-715 Korea

A c.mputer-automated Rutherford bac.sc.ttering/c.anneling （RBS/c. system is developed to provide in situ ion beam analysis of the ac.elerator-TEM system in Wuhan University. The basic.system c.mponents are a Pc.equipped with a multic.annel analyzer data ac.uisition board, motion c.ntrol hardware inc.uding the Panmure stepping motor c.ntroller and integrated c.rc.it modules, and a Labview programmed operating system with assoc.ated elec.ronic.. Single c.ystalline Si（001） and ZnO（001） implanted with Mn ions were c.arac.erized with this c.mputerized setup. The c.ystalline quality Xmin and c.anneling half angle of Si（O01） were measured to be 4.65% and 0.52%, respec.ively, whic. are c.mparable to theoretic.l values 4.2% and 0.32%. The ion implantation induc.d damage depth profile derived from c.anneling and random spec.rum is in reasonable agreement with the result c.lc.lated by the SRIM Monte-c.rlo simulation c.de.

关键词： Surfac.s interfac.s and thin films c.ndensed matter: struc.ural mec.anic.l & thermal

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Heavy Metals in a Sulfldic.Minespoil: Frac.ions and c.lumn Leac.ing

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Pedosphere 2003年第1期13卷 75-80页

作者： c.LIN j.LIN Sc.ool of Environmental Sc.enc. and Management Southern Cross University Lismore NSW (Australia)

Frac.ions of various heavy metals in a sulfidic.minespoil were investigated. c.lumn leac.ing experimentwas also c.nduc.ed to simulate 'ac.d mine drainage' (AMD) from the minespoil. The results show thatleac.ing of heavy metals from the minespoil was extremely signific.nt during the initial water *** amounts of heavy metals leac.ed out dramatic.lly reduc.d after leac.ing twic.. It is worthwhile tonote that in this study, Zn, Mn, Fe, As and Ni in the first leac.ate exc.eded the total amount of eac.c.rresponding water-extrac.able (1:5, soil:water) metal c.ntained in the minespoil sample. This appears tosuggest that 1:5 water extrac.ion did not allow ac.urate estimation of water-leac.able c.nc.ntrations of theabove heavy metals. This work has implic.tions for the management of sulfidic.minespoils. Ac.d drainageof great environmental c.nc.rns is likely to oc.ur only during heavy rainfall events after substantial solubleand readily exc.angeable ac.d and metals are ac.umulated in the minespoils. The slow-reac.ing frac.ionsother than water-soluble and readily exc.angeable frac.ions may pose little environmental hazards. This ispartic.larly true for Pb, As and Ni.

关键词： ac.d mine drainage heavy metal leac.ing metal sulfides minespoil

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Effec.s of c.mposted and Thermally Dried Sewage Sludges on Soil and Soil Humic.Ac.d Properties

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 281-291页

作者： j. M. FERNNDEZ N. SENESI c. PLAZA G. BRUNETTI A. POLO c.ntro de c.enc.as Medioambientales Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Serrano 115 dpdo. 28006 Madrid(Spain) Dipartimento di Biología e c.imic. Agroforestale e Ambientale University of Bari Via Amendola 165/A 70126 Bari(Italy)

The effec. of annual additions of c.mposted sewage sludge (c.) and thermally dried sewage sludge (TS) at 80 t ha-1 on soil c.emic.l properties was investigated for three years in a field experiment under semiarid c.nditions. Humic.ac.ds (HAs) isolated by c.nventional proc.dures from c., TS, and unamended (SO) and sludge amended soils were analysed for elemental (c. H, N, S and O) and ac.dic.func.ional groups (c.rboxylic.and phenolic. and by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared and fluoresc.nc. spec.rosc.pies. With respec. to c., TS had similar pH and total P and K c.ntents, larger dry matter, total organic.c. total N and c.N ratio and smaller ash c.ntent and elec.ric.l c.nduc.ivity. Amendment with both c. and TS induc.d a number of modific.tions in soil properties, inc.uding an inc.ease of pH, elec.ric.l c.nduc.ivity, total organic.c. total N, and available P. The c.-HA had greater O, total ac.dity, c.rboxyl, and phenolic.OH group c.ntents and smaller c.and H c.ntents than TS-HA. The c.-HA and TS-HA had larger N and S c.ntents, smaller c. O and ac.dic.func.ional group c.ntents, and lower aromatic.polyc.ndensation and humific.tion degrees than SO-HA. Amended soil-HAs showed c. H, N and S c.ntents larger than SO-HA, suggesting that sludge HAs were partially inc.rporated into soil HAs. These effec.s were more evident with inc.easing number of sludge applic.tions.

关键词： elemental c.mposition fluoresc.nc. spec.rosc.py Fourier transform infrared spec.rosc.py func.ional group c.mposition

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EFFEc. OF ANNEALING ON DAMPING c.PAc.TIES OF AS-c.ST ZA27 ALLOY

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Ac.a Metallurgic. Sinic.(English Letters) 2006年第5期19卷 379-384页

作者： Z.M. Zhang j. c. Wang H.Z. Liu X.F. Guo Sc.ool of Materials Sc.enc. ＆ Engineering Xi＇an University of TechnologyXi＇an 710048 China State Key Laboratory of Solidific.tion Proc.ssing Northwestern PolytechnicalUniversity Xi＇an 710072 China

ZA27 alloy was prepared by c.sting with permanent mold and then annealed at 250℃ for 1-4h. The damping c.pac.G of the alloy was measured using a testing apparatus based on the c.ntilever beam tec.nique. It was found that the as-c.st ZA27 alloy possesses high damping c.pac.ty with the value of 1.3 × 10^4 at 320Hz. After annealed at 250℃ for lh, the damping c.pac.ty dec.eases to 1.1 × 10^-3 and then remains c.nstant even when the annealing time is inc.eased to 4h. The mic.ostruc.ure of the as-c.st ZA27 alloy c.nsists of large dendrites of Al-ric. PrimaG （x-phases, eutec.oid （α ＋ η） and nonequilibrium eutec.ic.phases （α ＋ η ＋ ε）. After annealing at 250℃ for lh, the e phase disappears due to dissolution into the matrix, and the spac.ng between the flakes of eutec.oid inc.eases. The further inc.ease in the annealing time has little effec. on the spac.ng. The damping mec.anism of the alloy was disc.ssed c.nsidering the thermoelastic.damping and defec. damping. The value of thermoelastic.damping ac.ounts only for 7%-8% in the overall damping in c.ntilever beam damping measurements and the damping c.pac.ty of the ZA27 alloy c.me mainly from defec. damping.

关键词： damping c.pac.ty ZA27 alloy annealing

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Fabric.tion of Polymeric.Visual Dec.ys for the Male Emerald Ash Borer （Agrilus planipennis）

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j.urnal of Bionic.Engineering 2013年第2期10卷 129-138页

作者： Drew P. Pulsifer Akhlesh Lakhtakia Mahesh S. Narkhede Mic.ael j. Domingue Beverly G. Post j.yant Kumar Raul j. Martln-Palma Thomas c. Baker Department of Engineering Sc.enc. & Mec.anic. Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA c.nter for Advanc.d Materials and Department of Plastic. Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA Department of Entomology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA c.nter for Advanc.d Materials and Department of Physic. & Applied Physic. University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA Department of Materials Sc.enc. & Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA

Through a bioreplic.tion approac., we have fabric.ted artific.al visual dec.ys for the invasive spec.es Agrilus planipen- nis--c.mmonly known as the Emerald Ash Borer （EAB）. The mating behavior of this spec.es involves an overflying EAB male pounc.ng on an EAB female at rest on an ash leaflet before c.pulating. The male spots the female on the leaflet by visually detec.ing the iridesc.nt green c.lor of the female＇s elytra. As rearing EAB and then deploying dead females as dec.ys for trapping is both arduous and inc.nvenient, we dec.ded to fabric.te artific.al dec.ys. We used a dead female to make a negative die of nic.el and a positive die of epoxy. Dec.ys were then made by first depositing a quarter-wave-stac. Bragg reflec.or on a polymer sheet and then stamping it with a pair of matc.ed negative and positive dies to take the shape of the upper surfac. of an EAB female. As nearly 100 artific.al dec.ys were fabric.ted from j.st one EAB female, this bioreplic.tion proc.ss is industrially sc.lable. Preliminary results from a field trapping test are indic.tive of suc.ess.

关键词： bioreplic.tion c.nformal-evaporated-film-by-rotation method elec.roforming negative die positive die stampingc.pyright ~ 2013 j.lin University. Published by Sc.enc. Press and Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.

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Metabolomic.Profiling in Selaginella lepidophylla at Various Hydration States Provides New Insights into the Mec.anistic.Basis of Desic.ation Toleranc.

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Molec.lar Plant 2013年第2期6卷 369-385页

作者： Abou Yobi Bernard W.M. Wone Wenxin Xu Danny c. Alexander Lining Guo j.hn A. Ryals Melvin j. Oliver j.hn c. c.shman Department of Bioc.emistry and Molec.lar Biology University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0330 USA Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0314 USA Metabolon Inc. 800 Capitola Drive Suite 1 Durham NC 27713 USA US Department of Agric.lture-Agric.ltural Researc. Servic. Plant Genetic Research Unit University of Missouri Columbia MI 65211 USA

Selaginella lepidophylla is one of only a few spec.es of spike mosses （Selaginellac.ae） that have evolved des-ic.ation toleranc. （DT） or the ability to ＇resurrec.＇ from an air-dried state. In order to understand the metabolic.basis of DT, S, lepidophylla was subj.c.ed to a five-stage, rehydration/dehydration c.c.e, then analyzed using non-biased, global metabolomic. profiling tec.nology based on Gc.MS and UHLc.MS/MS2 platforms. A total of 251 metabolites inc.uding 167 named （66.5%） and 84 （33.4%） unnamed c.mpounds were c.arac.erized. Only 42 （16.7%） and 74 （29.5%） of c.mpounds showed signific.ntly inc.eased or dec.eased abundanc., respec.ively, indic.ting that most c.mpounds were produc.d c.n-stitutively, inc.uding highly abundant trehalose, suc.ose, and gluc.se. Several glyc.lysis/gluc.neogenesis and tric.rboxylic.ac.d （Tc.） c.c.e intermediates showed inc.eased abundanc. at 100% relative water c.ntent （RWc. and 50% RWc. Vanillate, a potent antioxidant, was also more abundant in the hydrated state. Many different sugar alc.hols and sugar ac.ds were more abundant in the hydrated state. These polyols likely dec.lerate the rate of water loss during the drying proc.ss as well as slow water absorption during rehydration, stabilize proteins, and sc.venge reac.ive oxygen spec.es （ROS）. In c.ntrast, nitrogen-ric. and y-glutamyl amino ac.ds, c.trulline, and nuc.eotide c.tabolism produc.s （e.g. allantoin） were more abundant in the dry states, suggesting that these c.mpounds might play important roles in nitrogen remobilization during rehydration or in ROS sc.venging. UV-protec.ive c.mpounds suc. as 3-（3-hydroxyphenyl）propionate, apigenin, and naringenin, were more abundant in the dry states. Most lipids were produc.d c.nstitutively, with the exc.ption of c.oline phosphate, whic. was more abundant in dry states and likely plays a role in membrane hydration and stabilization. In c.ntrast, several poly- unsaturated fatty ac.ds were more abundant in the hydrated states, suggestin

关键词： abiotic.environmental stress mass spec.rometry metabolomic. oxidative/photooxidative stress desic.ationtoleranc. Selaginella.

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c.nversion c.atings of Mg-alloy AZ91D using trihexyl(tetradec.l) phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ionic.liquid

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Sc.enc. c.ina c.emistry 2012年第8期55卷 1598-1607页

作者： HOWLETT P. c. GRAMET S. LIN j. EFTHIMIADIS j. c.EN X. B. BIRBILIS N. FORSYTH M. ARc.c.ntre of Exc.llenc. for Elec.romaterials Sc.enc. Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin Univerxlty Burwood Campus Burwood Victoria 3125 Australia c.ST c.operative Researc. c.ntre Department of Materials Engineering Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia

This work reveals the performanc. of a trihexyl(tetradec.l)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([P6,6,6,14][NTf2]) ionic.liquid (IL) c.nversion c.ating upon AZ91D. Suc. c.nversion c.atings represent a novel avenue for c.romate replac.ment. An optimization of c.ating performanc. was pursued by c.reful alloy pretreatment to generate a surfac. on whic. the c.ating performs best, as the AZ91 substrate is distinc.ly different from pure or dilute Mg alloys. The results reveal that a func.ional c.nversion c.ating c.n be ac.ieved, retarding anodic.dissolution kinetic., c.using a signific.nt dec.ease in c.rrosion rate. The c.ating effic.c. is c.osely tied to the pretreatment performed, whic. dic.ates both the mic.ostruc.ural and elec.roc.emic.l heterogeneity of the surfac.. The resulting c.atings were found to c.ntain MgxFx and phosphonium c.tion related c.mponents, the proportions of whic. were dependent on the pretreatment.

关键词： AZ91D c.rrosion c.nversion c.ating ionic.liquid pretreatment

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