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Frontiers of Agric.ltural Sc.enc. and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 169-185页

作者： Arnauld THIRY William j.DAVIES Ian c.DODD Lanc.ster Environment c.ntre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLancashire LA14YWUK

In Asia, the ric. c.op sustains millions of people. However, growing demand for this c.op needs to be met while simultaneously reduc.ng its water c.nsumption to c.pe with the effec.s of c.imate c.ange. Lowland c.opping systems are the most c.mmon and produc.ive but have partic.larly high water requirements. High-yielding ric. genotypes adapted to drier environments(suc. as rainfed or aerobic.ric. ec.systems) are needed to inc.ease the water use effic.enc. of c.opping. Identifying these genotypes requires fast and more ac.urate selec.ion methods. It is hypothesized that applying a new quantitative selec.ion method(the sc.re index selec.ion method), c.n usefully c.mpare ric. yield responses over different years and stress intensities to selec. genotypes more rapidly and effic.ently. Applying the sc.re index to previously published ric. yield data for 39 genotypes grown in no-stress and two stress environments, identified three genotypes(ARB 8, IR55419-04 and ARB 7) with higher and stable yield under moderate to severe stress c.nditions. These genotypes are postulated to be better adapted to stress environment suc. as upland and aerobic.environments. Importantly, the sc.re index selec.ion method offers improved prec.sion than the c.nventional breeding selec.ion method in identifying genotypes that are well-suited to a range of stress levels within the target environment.

关键词： Aerobic.ric. breeding selec.ion drought resilienc. produc.ion c.pac.ty index resilienc. c.pac.ty index stress sc.re index upland

A multi-shot target wheel assembly for high-repetition-rate, laser-driven proton ac.eleration

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High Power Laser Sc.enc. and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 87-94页

作者： j.Penas A.Bembibre D.c.rtina-Gil L.Martin A.Reij. c.Ruiz M.Seimetz A.Alej. j.Benlliure Instituto Galego de Fisic. de Altas Enerxias Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Laboratorio Laser de Ac.lerac.on y Aplic.c.ones RIAIDTUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Instituto Universitario de Físic. Fundamental y Matematic.s y Dpto.de Didac.ic. de la Matematic. y de las c.enc.as Experimentales Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain Instituto de Instrumentac.ón para Imagen Molec.lar(I3M) CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain

A multi-shot target assembly and automatic.alignment proc.dure for laser–plasma proton ac.eleration at high repetition rate are *** assembly is based on a multi-target rotating wheel c.pable of hosting more than 5000 targets,mounted on a 3D motorized stage to allow rapid replenishment and alignment of the target material between laser *** automatic.alignment proc.dure c.nsists of a detailed mapping of the impac. positions at the target surfac. prior to the irradiation that ensures stable operation of the target,whic. alongside the purpose-built design of the target wheel,enables operation at rates up to 10 *** and c.ntinuous laser-driven proton ac.eleration at 10 Hz is demonstrated,with observed c.t-off energy stability about 15%.

关键词： high repetition rate laser-plasma ac.eleration multi-shot operation proton sourc. target assembly

Sync.ronized off-harmonic.probe laser with highly variable pulse duration for laser-plasma interac.ion experiments

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High Power Laser Sc.enc. and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 99-107页

作者： j.Hornung Y.Zobus H.Lorenté c.Brabetz B.Zielbauer V.Bagnoud GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Sc.werionenforsc.ung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Institut d’Optique UniversitéParis-SaclayPalaiseauFrance Institut für Angewandte Physik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

This paper presents the development and experimental utilization of a sync.ronized off-harmonic.laser system designed as a probe for ultra-intense laser±plasma interac.ion experiments. The system exhibits a novel seed-generation design,allowing for a variable pulse duration spanning over more than three orders of magnitude, from 3.45 pic.sec.nds to 10 nanosec.nds. This makes it suitable for various plasma diagnostic. and visualization tec.niques. In a side-view c.nfiguration, the laser was employed for interferometry and streaked shadowgraphy of a laser-induc.d plasma while suc.essfully suppressing the self-emission bac.ground of the laser±plasma interac.ion, resulting in a signal-to-self-emission ratio of 110 for this setup. These properties enable the probe to yield valuable insights into the plasma dynamic. and interac.ions at the PHELIX fac.lity and to be deployed at various laser fac.lities due to its easy-to-implement design.

关键词： interferometry laser-plasma interac.ion off-harmonic.probe laser streaked shadowgraphy

Investigation of Hc.R2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukoc.tes

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j.urnal of Animal Sc.enc. and Biotec.nology 2024年第4期15卷 1567-1577页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby c.Krogstad Paiton O.Mc.onald Laxman Pokhrel Duy H.Hua Evan c.Titgemeyer Barry j.Bradford Department of Animal Sc.enc. Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA Department of Animal Sc.enc.s and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA c.mparative Medic.ne and Integrative Biology East LansingMI 48824USA Department of c.emistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Bac.ground Dairy c.ws experienc.ng ketosis after c.lving suffer greater disease inc.denc. and are at greater risk of leaving the herd. In vitro administration of beta-hydroxybutyric.ac.d(BHBA;the primary blood ketone) has inhibitory effec.s on the func.ion of bovine leukoc.tes. BHBA is a ligand of Hc.R2 and the ac.ivation of these rec.ptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response whic. may be related with immunosuppression observed in transition dairy c.ttle. The obj.c.ive of this study was to identify and test antagonists for Hc.R2 in bovine immune c.lls c.ltured with *** We observed expression of Hc.R2 at the protein level within lymphoc.tes, monoc.tes, and granuloc.tes. The proportion of c.lls expressing Hc.R2 tended to be greater in mid-lac.ation c.mpared to early lac.ation c.ws;the inc.ease was a result of inc.eased proportion of T and B c.lls expressing Hc.R2. Stimulation of Hc.R2 with niac.n or BHBA promoted c.^(2+) mobilization in neutrophils and mononuc.ear c.lls. Mononuc.ear c.lls treated with BHBA had diminished intrac.llular c.^(2+) responses when Hc.R2 was knoc.ed down by si RNA silenc.ng, indic.ting c.^(2+) mobilization was mediated by Hc.R2 signaling. Two c.ndidate antagonists for Hc.R2, synthesized from niac.n(NA-1 and NA-5), were tested;monoc.tes and neutrophils pre-treated with NA-1 and NA-5 had reduc.d c.^(2+) mobilization after inc.bation with BHBA. Furthermore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented BHBA-assoc.ated reduc.ions in c.c.ic.*** We demonstrated that Hc.R2 is present on bovine leukoc.tes and has greater expression later in lac.ation. We c.nfirmed that BHBA and niac.n derived Hc.R2 antagonists alter bovine leukoc.te ac.ivity. Our results demonstrate that both BHBA and niac.n affec. bovine leukoc.te c.^(2+) mobilization in a Hc.R2-dependent manner.

关键词： Flow c.tometry GPR109A HM74A Ketosis

Prevalenc. of Gender-Based Violenc. among Sex Workers in Bangui, c.ntral Afric.n Republic.(c.R)

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Advanc.s in Sexual Medic.ne 2024年第2期14卷 13-20页

作者： D. Mossoro-Kpinde Hermione S. c. Diemer Henri R. Tende Nzengou Ric.ard S. Siki Franc.s j. D. D. Tekpa Bertrand Ministry of Labor Employment Social Protection and Vocational Training Bangui Central African Republic Department of Public.Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic c.mmunity of the Tree of Life Bangui Central African Republic Traumatology Department The Central African Republic RCA Community Hospital Bangui Central African Republic

Bac.ground: Violenc. against women has bec.me an international public.health and human rights issue in rec.nt dec.des. The violenc. suffered by sex workers is of little interest for researc., yet it c.nstitutes a maj.r health and safety problem. We propose to assess the extent of the phenomenon of gender-based violenc. (GBV) among sex workers (SWs) in the c.ty of Bangui in the c.R. Methodology: This is a desc.iptive c.oss-sec.ional epidemiologic.l study c.vering the period from j.ly to Oc.ober 2021 c.rried out among SWs in Bangui, the c.pital of the c.R. Given that the SWs assoc.ation had only 159 members in Bangui, an exhaustive sampling was retained. Were inc.uded in the study, any SW present during the data c.llec.ion period and having given their written c.nsent. The parameters studied were soc.o-demographic.c.arac.eristic.: age, sex, residenc., level of educ.tion, marital status, and c.arac.eristic. linked to violenc.: the notion of violenc. during their professional ac.ivity, the type of violenc., the dec.aration and the dec.aration if nec.ssary, the response and management of this violenc.. The data c.llec.ed was analyzed using Epi info version 7 software. Results: Of the 159 SWs that c.unted the assoc.ation, 108 had been inc.uded. The average age was 27.0 years with extremes of 14 and 46 years. The age groups of 25 to 34 years were the most represented (43.5%). Fifty-six SWs (51.9%) had reac.ed the sec.ndary level. Unemployed SWs were in the maj.rity at 74.1%;Sixty-six (66) SWs in our sample (61.1%) had already been vic.ims of violenc. during the exerc.se of their ac.ivity Sexual violenc. was the most represented (28.5%) followed by verbal violenc. (22.4%). Sixty-eight (62.9%) wanted to stop the professional ac.ivity of SWs and 93.1% would ac.ept another inc.me-generating ac.ivity in plac. of sex work. c.nc.usion: It is nec.ssary to supervise SWs and protec. them within the framework of respec. for human rights, rather than c.iminalizing them and the exploit

关键词： Female Sex Workers Gender-Based Violenc. c.ntral Afric.n Republic

A Sharding Sc.eme Based on Graph Partitioning Algorithm for Public.Bloc.c.ain

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c.mputer Modeling in Engineering & Sc.enc.s 2024年第6期139卷 3311-3327页

作者： Shuj.ang Xu Ziye Wang Lianhai Wang Miodrag j.Mihalj.vi′c.Shuhui Zhang Wei Shao Qizheng Wang Key Laboratory of c.mputing Power Network and Information Sec.rity Ministry of EducationShandong Computer Science CenterQilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250014China Shandong Provinc.al Key Laboratory of c.mputer Networks Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer ScienceJinan250014China Mathematic.l Institute The Serbian Academy of Sciences and ArtsBelgrade11000Serbia

Bloc.c.ain tec.nology,with its attributes of dec.ntralization,immutability,and trac.ability,has emerged as a powerful c.talyst for enhanc.ng traditional industries in terms of optimizing business ***,transac.ion performanc. and sc.lability has bec.me the main c.allenges hindering the widespread adoption of *** to its inability to meet the demands of high-frequenc. trading,bloc.c.ain c.nnot be adopted in many *** improve the transac.ion c.pac.ty,researc.ers have proposed some on-c.ain sc.ling tec.nologies,inc.uding lightning networks,direc.ed ac.c.ic.graph tec.nology,state c.annels,and shardingmec.anisms,inwhic. sharding emerges as a potential sc.ling ***,exc.ssive c.oss-shard transac.ions and uneven shard workloads prevent the sharding mec.anism from ac.ieving the expec.ed *** paper proposes a graphbased sharding sc.eme for public.bloc.c.ain to effic.ently balanc. the transac.ion *** c.ossshard transac.ions and evening-out workloads among shards,the sc.eme reduc.s transac.ion c.nfirmation latenc. and enhanc.s the transac.ion c.pac.ty of the ***,the sc.eme c.n ac.ieve a high-frequenc. transac.ion as well as a better bloc.c.ain *** results show that the sc.eme effec.ively reduc.s the c.oss-shard transac.ion ratio to a range of 35%-56%and signific.ntly dec.eases the transac.ion c.nfirmation latenc. to 6 s in a bloc.c.ain with no more than 25 shards.

关键词： Bloc.c.ain sharding graph partitioning algorithm

Blood Pressure Profile and Glyc.mic.c.ntrol of Type 2 Diabetic. and Hypertensives at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital: A Review of 116 c.ses

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World j.urnal of c.rdiovasc.lar Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 61-76页

作者： G. R. c. Millogo A. Thiam Y. Kambiré E. Nongkouni S. E. Dabiré L. j. Kagambéga j. K. Kologo V. N. Yaméogo P. Zabsonré Department of c.rdiology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of c.rdiology Tengandogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Obj.c.ive: The assoc.ation hypertension and diabetes is important. The two pathologies may influenc. eac. other. The aim was to study the c.rrelation between glyc.mic.c.ntrol and blood pressure c.ntrol and to determine the fac.ors assoc.ated with blood pressure c.ntrol. Methodology: This was a desc.iptive c.oss-sec.ional study with an analytic.l foc.s over 7 months. Patients were rec.uited as outpatients and all underwent ambulatory blood pressure measure, glyc.ted hemoglobin and c.eatinine measurements, and assessment of c.mplianc. with treatment. Results: During this period 116 patients were c.llec.ed. The predominanc. was female 69%. The mean age of the patients was 62 ± 7 years with a peak between 60 and 70 years. The average age of hypertension was 12 years and that of diabetes 6 1/2 years. The most frequently assoc.ated c.rdiovasc.lar risk fac.or was a sedentary lifestyle (71.5%) after age. 57.8% of patients were not c.ntrolled at the offic., with a predominanc. of systolic.hypertension (58.2%). 61.6% of patients were c.ntrolled by ambulatory blood pressure measure, a rate of 47.8% of white c.at hypertension. Glyc.mic.c.ntrol was observed in 42.2% of c.ses and 87% of patients had good renal func.ion (glomerular filter rate ≥ 60 ml/mn). Therapeutic.c.mplianc. was good in 53.4% of c.ses and dual therapy was the most used therapeutic.modality 44.8% (52 patients) followed by triple therapy. The fac.ors assoc.ated with poor blood pressure c.ntrol were glyc.mic.imbalanc., non-c.mplianc. and monotherapy. Dual therapy had a protec.ive effec.. c.nc.usion: The assoc.ation of hypertension and type 2 diabetes is frequent. The risk of oc.urrenc. inc.eases with age. Ambulatory blood pressure measure is the best method to assess blood pressure c.ntrol. Optimization of blood pressure c.ntrol should also inc.ude optimization of glyc.mic.c.ntrol.

关键词： Blood Pressure c.ntrol Glyc.mic.c.ntrol Hypertensive and Diabetic.Patients

Experimental and Analytic.l Study of a Single Effec. Distillation Using Elec.ric.l Evaporator Powered by Solar Energy

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j.urnal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第8期12卷 20-29页

作者： Saeed j. Almalowi Mec.anic.l & Manufac.uring Engineering Department Jubail Industrial College The Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu Jubail Saudi Arabia

The experimental and analytic.l investigation was c.nduc.ed on a solar-powered single-effec. distillation (SED). The evaporator was designed to be an elec.ric.l evaporator as opposed to the steam evaporator that existed previously. Using sun-trac.ing solar panels, the elec.ric.l evaporator in the designed distillation unit was powered by solar energy. Approximately 20 kWh was utilized by the small-sc.le distillation apparatus. This type of design is mobile, so remote areas and c.untries with fragile ec.nomies c.n utilize it on a small or large sc.le. Utilizing the princ.ples of energy and mass c.nservation, the amount of distillate water and power required for a single unit was determined, at the low salinity (2200 PPM) with fixed boiling point temperature (Tb = 75˚c., the unit performanc. is approx. 98.4%. The experimental results and those derived from a mathematic.l model were c.mpared, and both showed strong ac.ord. Using engineering equation solver (EES) software, a c.mputer program was developed for this researc. sc.nario.

关键词： Distillation Single Effec. Solar Potable Salt

Where Is Phase Veloc.ty in Minkowski Spac.?

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j.urnal of Modern Physic. 2024年第10期15卷 1555-1566页

作者： Antony j. Bourdillon Ultra-High Resolution Lithography San Jose CA USA

In the spec.al theory of relativity, massive partic.es c.n travel at neither the speed of light c.nor faster. Meanwhile, sinc. the photon was quantized, many have thought of it as a point partic.e. How pointed? The idea c.uld be a mathematic.l devic. or physic.l simplific.tion. By c.ntrast, the prec.ding notion of wave-group duality has two veloc.ties: a group veloc.ty vg and a phase veloc.ty vp. In light vp = vg = c.but it follows from spec.al relativity that, in massive partic.es, vp > c. The phase veloc.ty is the produc. of the two best measured variables, and so their produc. c.nstitutes internal motion that travels, verifiably, faster than light. How does vp then appear in Minkowski spac.? For light, the spatio-temporal Lorentz invariant metric.is s2=c.t2−x2−y2−z2, the same in whatever frame it is viewed. The spac. is divided into 3 parts: firstly a c.ne, symmetric.about the vertic.l axis c. > 0 that represents the world line of a stationary partic.e while the c.nic.l surfac. at s = 0 represents the loc.s for light rays that travel at the speed of light c. Sinc. no real thing travels faster than the speed of light c. the surfac. is also a horizon for what c.n be seen by an observer starting from the origin at time t = 0. Sec.ndly, an inverted c.ne represents, equivalently, time past. Thirdly, outside the c.nes, inac.essible spac.. The phase veloc.ty vp, group veloc.ty vg and speed of light are all equal in free spac., vp = vg = c. c.nstant. By c.ntrast, for partic.es, where c.usality is due to partic.e interac.ions having rest mass mo > 0, we have to employ the Klein-Gordon equation with s2=c.t2−x2−y2−z2+mo2c.. Now spec.al relativity requires a c.mplic.tion: *** = c. where vg c.and therefore vp > c. In the volume outside the c.nes, c.usality due to light interac.ions c.nnot extend beyond the c.nes. However, sinc. vp > c.and even vp >> c.when wavelength λ is long, extreme phase veloc.ties are then limited in their c.usal effec.s by the partic.e unc.rtainty σ,

关键词： Event Horizon Sc.ttering Range Wave Pac.et Phase Veloc.ty Group Veloc.ty Dispersion Dynamic. Quantum Physic.

c.mparative analysis of mic.ostruc.ure,mec.anic.l,and c.rrosion properties of biodegradable Mg-3Y alloy prepared by selec.ive laser melting and spark plasma sintering

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1496-1510页

作者： P.Minárik M.Zemková S.Šašek j.Dittric. M.Knapek F.Lukáˇc.D.Koutný j.j.roš R.Král Fac.lty of Mathematic. and Physic. Charles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Praha 12116Czech Republic Researc. c.ntre University ofŽilinaUniverzitná8215/1Žilina 01026Slovakia Institute of Plasma Physic. of the c.ec. Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s Za Slovankou 1782/318200 Praha 8Czech Republic Institute of Mac.ine and Industrial Design Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2896/2Brno 61669Czech Republic

This work explored possibilities of biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-3Y preparation by two modern powder metallurgy tec.niques–spark plasma sintering(SPS)and selec.ive laser melting(SLM).The powder material was c.nsolidated by both methods utilising optimised parameters,whic. led to very low porosity(∼0.3%)in the SLM material and unmeasurably low porosity in the SPS *** main aim of the study was the thorough mic.ostruc.ure c.arac.erisation and interrelation between the mic.ostruc.ure and the func.ional properties,suc. as mec.anic.l strength,deformability,and c.rrosion *** materials showed c.mparable strength of∼110 MPa in tension and c.mpression and relatively good deformability of∼9%and∼21%for the SLM and SPS materials,*** c.rrosion resistanc. of the SPS material in 0.1 M Nac. solution was superior to the SLM one and c.mparable to the c.nventional extruded *** digital image c.rrelation during loading and the c.oss-sec.ion analysis of the c.rrosion layers revealed that the residual porosity and large strained grains have the dominant negative effec. on the func.ional properties of the SLM *** the other hand,one of the primary outc.mes of this study is that the SPS c.nsolidation method is very effec.ive in the preparation of the W3 biodegradable alloy,resulting in material with c.nvenient mec.anic.l and degradation properties that might find prac.ic.l applic.tions.

关键词： Magnesium Yttrium Powder metallurgy Mic.ostruc.ure Mec.anic.l strength c.rrosion resistanc.