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Molecular Plant 2008年第3期1卷 401-410页

作者： Gerben van Ooij.n Gabriele Mayr Mario albrecht Ben j. C. Cornelissen Frank L.W. Takken Plant Pathology Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam PO Box 94062 1090 GB Amsterdam the Netherlands Max Planck Institute for Informatics Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85 66123 Saarbrücken Germany

Race-specific disease resistance in plants is mediated by Resistance （R） proteins that recognize pathogen at- tack and initiate defence responses. Most R proteins contain a central NB-ARC domain and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat （LRR） domain. We analyzed the intramolecular interaction of the LRR domain of tomato R protein Mi-1.2 with its N- terminus. We expressed the CC-NB-ARC and LRR parts in trans and analyzed functional transcomplementation and physical interactions. We show that these domains functionally transcomplement when expressed in trans. Known autoactivating LRR domain swaps were found to induce a hypersensitive response （HR） upon co-expression. Likewise, autoactivating mutants in the NB subdomain transcomplemented to induce HR. Point mutations in the ARC2 subdomain that induce strong autoactivation in the full-length Mi-1.2 protein, however, fail to induce HR in the transcomplementation assay, These data indicate distinct functions for the NB-ARC subdomains in induction of HR signalling. Furthermore, dissociation of the LRR is not required to release its negative regulation, as in all combinations of CC-NB-ARC and LRR domains tested, a physical interaction was observed.

关键词：艾滋病相关复合征蛋白质类番茄基因亮氨酸社会控制正式心肌梗死胰岛素

Biomass Production of Monocultures and Mixtures of Cup Plant and Native Grasses on Prime and Marginal Cropland

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American j.urnal of Plant Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 911-924页

作者： Arvid Boe Kenneth A. albrecht Paul j. j.hnson j.xiang Wu Department of Agronomy Horticulture and Plant Science South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA Insect Biodiversity Laboratory South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA

To date, most candidate systems for producing herbaceous cellulosic biomass have been composed of monocultures of perennial or annual grasses. Ecosystem goods and services provided from these biomass feedstock production systems could be increased dramatically with mixing of one or more forb species that would increase biodiversity and provide habitat for pollinators. Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is featured with many desirable characteristics, such as high biomass potential, adaptation to marginal soils, and attractiveness to pollinators, desirable in a dicot species to grow in mixtures with perennial warm-season grasses. The obj.ctive of this study was to compare cup plant, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link) monocultures to their mixtures for biomass production on prime and poorly drained marginal crop land for two years in both South Dakota and Wisconsin. In Wisconsin, monocultures of prairie cordgrass and cup plant and their mixture produced more biomass (8.1 Mg·ha-1) than the switchgrass monoculture and switchgrass/cup plant mixture (5.3 Mg·ha-1) on both prime and marginal land. While in South Dakota, drought and meristem destruction by the cup plant moth (Eucosma giganteana Riley) caused large reductions in biomass production (1.7 Mg·ha-1) in both years, with the switchgrass/cup plant mixture on marginal land having the highest yield (2.1 Mg·ha-1). Our study showed binary mixtures of cup plant and native warm-season grasses have great potential for increasing biodiversity and other ecosystem goods and services, relative to monocultures, for sustainable biomass feedstock production on poorly drained marginal land in the northcentral USA.

关键词： Silphium perfoliatum L. Switchgrass Panicum virgatum L. Prairie Cordgrass Spartina pectinata Link Bioenergy Pollinators Eucosma giganteana Riley Ecosystem Goods and Services

Biomass Production of Cup Plant (<i>Silphium perfoliatum</i>L.) in Response to Variation in Plant Population Density in the North Central USA

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American j.urnal of Plant Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 904-910页

作者： Arvid Boe Kenneth A. albrecht Paul j. j.hnson j.xiang Wu Agronomy Horticulture and Plant Science Department South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA Insect Biodiversity Laboratory South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA

The North American genus Silphium is receiving global attention for its potential in the development of new food, forage, and industrial crops, including cellulosic biomass for biofuel. Little is known about the effect of plant population density on biomass production in large, coarse perennial forbs. Our obj.ctive was to evaluate the effect of variation in plant density on biomass production and stand morphology of cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.). Plant population densities of 17,000, 34,000, and 68,000 plants ha-1 were evaluated for biomass production in a single-harvest per annum system for three years at Brookings, SD and Arlington, WI. Biomass increased linearly by 43% between the low and high density at Brookings;whereas, at Arlington, response to variation in plant density was year dependent. Shoots plant-1 was inversely related to plant density with linear regression explaining >95% of the variation. Our results strongly suggested that further studies of effects of plant population density on biomass production in cup plant should include evaluation of, in addition to, densities higher than 68,000 plants ha-1.

关键词： Biofuel Shoot Density Shoots Plant-1 Stand Morphology Cup Plant Moth Eucosma giganteana Riley Biotic Stress Abiotic Stress

A j.int adventure of Sino-German researchers to explore the wild world of RNAs

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j.urnal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第10期11卷 811-812页

作者： albrecht Bindereif Zefeng Wang Department of Biology and Chemistry Institute of BiochemistryJustus Liebig University of GiessenGiessen D-35392Germany CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology Biomedical Big Data CenterCAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational BiologyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

RNA biology has developed in recent years to a new emerging field,with new surprises and in sights ranging from basic mecha nisms to topics of clinical interest and opening up biotechnological applications in molecular medicine and novel therapeutic options.Here,we edit this Special Issue of j.urnal of Molecular Cell Biology on RNA biology,combining a series of reviews and research articles that reflect most of the current trends and topics emerging from recent Chinese-German interactions in RNA research.

关键词： clinical German therapeutic

Center for Plant Conservation's Best Practice Guidelines for the reintroduction of rare plants

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Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 390-395页

作者： j.yce Maschinski Matthew A.albrecht Center for Plant Conservation San Diego Zoo Global Center for Conservation & Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden

Recent estimates indicate that one-fifth of botanical species worldwide are considered at risk of becoming extinct in the wild. One available strategy for conserving many rare plant species is reintroduction, which holds much promise especially when carefully planned by following guidelines and when monitored long-term. We review the Center for Plant Conservation Best Reintroduction Practice Guidelines and highlight important components for planning plant reintroductions. Before attempting reintroductions practitioners should j.stify them, should consider alternative conservation strategies, understand threats, and ensure that these threats are absent from any recipient site. Planning a reintroduction requires considering legal and logistic parameters as well as target species and recipient site attributes.Carefully selecting the genetic composition of founders, founder population size, and recipient site will influence establishment and population growth. Whenever possible practitioners should conduct reintroductions as experiments and publish results. To document whether populations are sustainable will require long-term monitoring for decades, therefore planning an appropriate monitoring technique for the taxon must consider current and future needs. Botanical gardens can play a leading role in developing the science and practice of plant reintroduction.

关键词： Reintroduction Monitoring Genetics Optimal site selection Founders Managed relocation

大脑恶性外胚层间质瘤:病例报道和对治疗方案的讨论

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 40-41页

作者： Weiss E. albrecht C.F. Herms j. 贺莉 Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology University of Gttingen Robert-Koch-Strasse 40 37075 Gttingen Germany

Malignant ectomesenchymoma is a rare tumour that contains both ectodermal and mesenchymal elements. Only three patients with a manifestation in the cerebrum and clinicopathological data have been reported until now. We present a patient with an intracerebral ectomesenchymoma, review the literature and discuss currently available therapeutic options. In a 10-year-old girl, a left suprasellar temporo-parieto-occipitally localised tumour was diagnosed. The tumour was completely excised macroscopically in two surgical sessions. For the mesenchymal part of the tumour she subsequently underwent multidrug chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy. Considering the neuroectodermal element of the tumour, radiotherapy was applied to the craniospinal axis with a local boost. Therapy was tolerated well without any severe side effects. Six years from diagnosis, the patient is alive without a tumour relapse. Conclusion: Due to the sparcity of reported cases with malignant ectomesenchymoma, the role of adj.vant therapy is unclear. Multimodal therapy may be able to improve outcome.

关键词：外胚层间质瘤神经外胚层间充质外科手术蝶鞍辅助疗法柱轴线

Hamartomatous polyps:Diagnosis,surveillance,and management

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2023年第8期29卷 1304-1314页

作者： Leva Gorj. Peter albrecht Department of Surgery Kettering Health DaytonDaytonOH 45405United States

Hereditary polyposis syndrome can be divided into three categories:Adenomatous,serrated,and hamartomatous polyps.Hamartomatous polyps,malformations of normal tissue presenting in a disorganized manner,are characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.These syndromes exhibit hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyps in conj.nction to extra-intestinal manifestations,which require conscientious and diligent monitoring.Peutz-j.ghers syndrome,Cowden syndrome,and j.venile polyposis syndrome are the most common displays of hamartomatous polyposis syndrome(HPS).Diagnosis can be pursued with molecular testing and endoscopic sampling.Early identification of these autosomal dominant pathologies allows to optimize malignancy surveillance,which helps reduce morbidity and mortality in both the affected patient population as well as at-risk family members.Endoscopic surveillance is an important pillar of prognosis and monitoring,with many patients eventually requiring surgical intervention.In this review,we discuss the diagnosis,surveillance,and management of HPS.

关键词： Hamartomatous polyps Peutz-j.gher syndrome Cowden syndrome j.venile polyposis syndrome

Small RNA Profiling Reveals Phosphorus Deficiency as a Contributing Factor in Symptom Expression for Citrus Huanglongbing Disease

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 301-310页

作者： Hongwei Zhao Ruobai Sun Ute albrecht Chellappan Padmanabhan Airong Wanga Michael D. Coffey Thomas Girke Zonghua Wang Timothy j. Close Mikeal Roose Raymond K. Yokomi Svetlana Folimonova Georgios Vidalakis Robert Rouse Kim D. Bowman Hailing j.n Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Institute for Integrative Genome Biology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Present address: Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA US Horticultural Research Laboratory US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 USA Fuj.an Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002-China San j.aquin Valley Agricultural Research Center US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service 9611 S. Riverbend Ave Parlier CA 93648 USA Citrus Research and Education Center University of Florida 700 Experiment Station Road Lake Alfred FL 33850 USA University of Florida 2685 State Road29 North immokaleel FL 34142 USA

Huanglongbing （HLB） is a devastating citrus disease that is associated with bacteria of the genus ＇Candidatus Liberibacter＇（Ca. L.）. Powerful diagnostic tools and management strategies are desired to control HLB. Host small RNAs （sRNA） play a vital role in regulating host responses to pathogen infection and are used as early diagnostic markers for many human diseases, including cancers. To determine whether citrus sRNAs regulate host responses to HLB, sRNAs were profiled from Citrus sinensis 10 and 14 weeks post grafting with Ca. L. asiaticus （Las）-positive or healthy tissue. Ten new microRNAs （miRNAs）, 76 conserved miRNAs, and many small interfering RNAs （siRNAs） were discovered. Several miRNAs and siRNAs were highly induced by Las infection, and can be potentially developed into early diagnosis markers of HLB. miR399, which is induced by phosphorus starvation in other plant species, was induced specifically by infection of Las but not Spiroplasma citri that causes citrus stubborn--a disease with symptoms similar to HLB. We found a 35% reduction of phosphorus in Las-positive citrus trees compared to healthy trees. Applying phosphorus oxyanion solutions to HLB-positive sweet orange trees reduced HLB symptom severity and significantly improved fruit production during a 3-year field trial in south-west Florida. Our molecular, physiological, and field data suggest that phosphorus deficiency is linked to HLB disease symptomology.

关键词： Huanglongbing small RNA miRNA399 disease diagnosis phosphorus deficiency.

Habitat suitability and herbivores determine reintroduction success of an endangered legume

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 109-117页

作者： Matthew A.albrecht Quinn G.Long Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden Shaw Nature Reserve Missouri Botanical Garden

Reintroductions of rare plants require detailed knowledge of habitat requirements, species interactions,and restoration techniques. Thus, incremental experimentation over many years may be required to develop adequate knowledge and techniques for successful reintroduction. To determine drivers of extinction in historical reintroductions of a federally endangered perennial(Astragalus bibullatus), we developed a reintroduction experiment to disentangle the relative importance of habitat quality, herbivores, and restoration technique on reintroduction success. In a factorial design, we manipulated access to vertebrate herbivores across different habitat types(mesic ecotone vs. xeric barren), and used founder populations comprised of more transplants and genetic sources than previous reintroduction attempts.In mesic ecotones where historical reintroductions failed, excluding herbivores, thinning woody encroachment to improve habitat quality, outplanting across a greater array of microhabitats, and increasing founder population size did not improve demographic rates over previous attempts.Compared to mesic ecotones, transplant survival rates and cumulative fruit production were more than two and ten times greater, respectively, in a xeric barren ecotone characterized by open, grassy, and dry microenvironmental conditions. Across all sites, herbivores decreased probabilities of survival and flowering of larger adult plants. Flowering rates were 80% greater inside relative to outside herbivore exclusion cages. Over a four-year period, only a single uncaged plant produced fruit. Our study demonstrates that habitat quality and vertebrate herbivory are key drivers of long-term persistence in rare plant reintroductions. Using incremental experiments that build on previous knowledge gained from long-term monitoring can improve reintroduction outcomes.

关键词： Astragalus bibullatus Translocation Rare plant Conservation Founder size Grassland

Physicians’ Use of Patients’ Daily Reports of Quality of Life to Evaluate Treatment Response in Phase I Cancer Trials

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j.urnal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第5期3卷 582-588页

作者： Felicity W. K. Harper Elisabeth I. Heath Marci E. j. Gleason Louis Penner Patricia LoRusso Ding Wang Terrance L. albrecht j.sephine Ford Cancer Center at Henry Ford Hospital Detroit USA Karmanos Cancer Institute Communication and Behavioral Oncology Program Detroit USA University of Texas Department of Human Ecology Austin USA 4j.sephine Ford Cancer Center at Henry Ford Hospital Detroit USA

For cancer patients on Phase I trials, one of the most important physician decisions is whether or not patients are deriving benefit from therapy. With an increasing number of cytostatic treatment agents, the criteria to determine patient response to Phase I treatment has become harder to define. Physicians are increasingly looking to patient-reported outcomes (PROs) such as quality of life (QOL) to help evaluate treatment response. Electronic daily diary (EDD) devices can be used by patients to report their QOL over extended periods of time, thereby providing a more accurate picture of how patients are affected by treatment on a daily basis. However, questions remain about how to integrate this patient-reported information into decisions about Phase I treatment. This study investigated how physicians use patients’ daily QOL reports to evaluate patient response to Phase I treatment. Data were collected over a 4-month period from Phase I patients (N = 30) and physicians (N = 3) in an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center. Patients completed daily QOL reports using EDD devices and physicians were provided with a summary of patients’ QOL before each visit. After the visit, doctors recorded their treatment decision and also rated the importance of four biomedical factors (Toxicity, Imaging, Labs, and Performance Status) and QOL in their treatment decision for that visit. Although physicians rated QOL as being very important in evaluating treatment response, in practice, when predictors of their decisions were analyzed, results showed they relied exclusively on biomedical data (Toxicity, Imaging) to make Phase I treatment decisions. Questions remain about the utility and effective integration of QOL and biomedical data in clinical decision-making processes in Phase I clinical trials.

关键词： Patient-Reported Outcomes Quality of Life Clinical Trials Treatment Decision-Making