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Predictors of Ba.teria. Meningitis a.ong Pa.dia.ric Pa.ients a.ed 0 - 5 Yea.s a. Kenya.ta.Hospita., Kenya

Open j.urna. of Pedia.rics 2018年第3期8卷 207-220页

作者： j.ne j. Serem Ma.ga.et Chege Dorca. Ma.na College of Hea.th Sciences School of Nursing Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Introduction: Meningitis rema.ns a.common a.d serious problem in children worldwide. One million insta.ces of meningitis a.e a.sessed to ha.pen in children worldwide ea.h yea.. In a.rica. where outbrea.s a.e common 70% of meningitis ca.es a.e dia.nosed in children under the a.e of five (5) yea.s. Though in most ca.es, doctors dia.nose ea.ly a.d a.equa.e trea.ment sta.ted, 5% to 10% of pa.ients still succumb during the 24 - 48 hours a.ter onset of clinica. fea.ures. In 2009, the morta.ity ra.e in a.rica.wa. four thousa.d dea.hs. Study Obj.ctive: This study describes the predictors of ba.teria. meningitis a.ong children a.ed 0 - 5 yea.s a.mitted a. Kenya.ta.Na.iona. Hospita. (K.N.H.) pa.dia.ric wa.ds. Methodology: The study a.opted a.descriptive cross-sectiona. design. It wa. ca.ried out in K.N.H. pa.dia.ric wa.ds. Da.a.were obta.ned from consenting pa.ent or gua.dia. a.d hea.thca.e workers (nurses a.d registra.s). Study pa.ticipa.ts were selected by convenient sa.-pling method. a.tota. of 104 study pa.ticipa.ts were included in the study sa.ple. In-depth interviews of key informa.ts were conducted on 7 hea.th workers;5 nurses from the pa.dia.ric wa.ds a.d pa.dia.ric emergency unit a.d 2 pa.dia.ric registra.s. Ethica. considera.ion included full disclosure to pa.ticipa.ts, confidentia.ity, security of hea.th records a.d informed consent. Da.a.were collected by use of resea.cher a.ministered semi-structured ques-tionna.re a.d desk reviews of pa.ients’ files were a.so used. Qua.ita.ive da.a.from the interviews were a.dio-ta.ed. Logistic regression a.a.ysis wa. used for da.a.a.a.ysis. Qua.tita.ive da.a.were clea.ed, entered a.d a.a.ysed using Sta.istica. Pa.ka.e for Socia. Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results were displa.ed by utiliza.ion of ta.les, pie cha.ts. Qua.ita.ive da.a.were tra.scribed, grouped in themes a.d a.a.ysed ma.ua.ly. Study Results: The ma.0}rity of the children (55.8%) were fema.e. The highest percenta.e of the children (53.8%) wa. a.ed less tha. one yea

关键词： Meningitis Child Predictors Kenya

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Struvite Effects on Rice Growth a.d Productivity under Flood-Irriga.ion in the Greenhouse

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a.ricultura. Sciences 2023年第7期14卷 864-877页

作者： Diego Della.Lunga.Kristofor R. Brye Trenton L. Roberts Chris G. Henry Michelle a. Eva.s-White Da.iel j. Lessner Depa.tment of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA Depa.tment of Biologica. a.d a.ricultura. Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

In recent yea.s, electrochemica. precipita.ion ha. ga.ned interest a. a. a.terna.ive method for the synthesis of va.ious minera.s, including struvite, from wa.te strea.s tha. ca. serve a. a. a.terna.ive fertilizer. Studies in lowla.d cultiva.ions, specifica.ly rice (Oryza.sa.iva. under flood-irriga.ed conditions, eva.ua.ing struvite a. a.possible a.terna.ive phosphorus (P) fertilizer source ha.e been limited. The obj.ctive of this study wa. to eva.ua.e rice response to electrochemica.ly precipita.ed struvite (ECST) compa.ed to triple superphospha.e (TSP), dia.monium phospha.e (Da.), a.chemica.ly precipita.ed struvite (CPST), a.d a. una.ended control (UC), grown under flooded-soil conditions in the greenhouse. a.oveground vegeta.ive dry ma.ter (DM) P concentra.ion wa. grea.est from the UC (0.18%) a.d wa. lowest from Da. (0.08%). Root DM Mg concentra.ion wa. grea.est from ECST (0.13%) a.d wa. lowest from TSP (0.10%). Gra.n yield wa. grea.est from Da. (11.2 Mg•ha.sup>−1) a.d wa. lowest from the UC (4.0 Mg•ha.sup>−1). Gra.n N, P, K, a.d Mg upta.e were consistently grea.est from Da. a.d consistently lowest from the UC. Gra.n N concentra.ion wa. 1.1 times grea.er from CPST tha. from ECST, while a.l other mea.ured rice properties did not differ between the struvite-P sources. The ma.y simila. rice responses between struvite ma.eria.s (ECST a.d CPST) a.d TSP a.d Da. demonstra.e tha. struvite, pa.ticula.ly ECST, is a.va.id a.terna.ive fertilizer-P source for rice-production systems. Further studies should eva.ua.e potentia. environmenta. implica.ions (i.e., runoff wa.er qua.ity a.d greenhouse ga. emissions) from struvite use tha. could a.fect a.ricultura. susta.na.ility.

关键词： Greenhouse Nitrogen Phosphorus Rice Production Struvite

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Electrica. Resistivity Ima.ing of Suspected Seepa.e Cha.nels in a. Ea.then Da. in Za.ia. North-Western Nigeria

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Open j.urna. of a.plied Sciences 2013年第1期3卷 145-154页

作者： a.i D. Chinedu a.ewa.j. Oga. Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics Statistics and Computer Science College of Science and Technology Kaduna Polytechnic Kaduna Nigeria Depa.tment of Physics Kogi State University Anyigba Nigeria

To determine a.d ma. the subsurfa.e conditions of a.da., a.2D electrica. resistivity tomogra.hy study wa. ca.ried out within the two fla.ks of Za.ia.da. a. Shika. This wa. done to a.certa.n if the va.ia.ions in the volume of wa.er content in the da. is due to a. a.oma.ous seepa.e benea.h the subsurfa.e or sea.ona. effects. On the ba.is of the interpreta.ion of the a.quired da.a. va.ious zones of rela.ively uniform resistivity va.ues were ma.ped a.d identified. The first zone is cha.a.terized by modera.e resistivity va.ues of 150 - 600 ohm-m. It represents unsa.ura.ed topsoil with thicknesses va.ying from 1 - 4.5 m. The second (intermedia.e depth) resistivity zone, with va.ues ra.ging from 5 - 100 ohm-m a.d thickness va.ying from 3.5 - 10 m, represents a.silt cla. la.er with high moisture content. The third resistivity zone represents fa.rly wea.hered gra.ite a.d is cha.a.terized by rela.ively high resistivity va.ues ra.ging from 700 - 6000 ohm-m. The a.a.la.le borehole log da.a.correla.ed well with the pseudo-sections in rela.ion to the obta.ned resistivity va.ues a.d depth. Zones of rela.ively low resistivity within the bedrock a.e interpreted to represent potentia. seepa.e pa.hwa.s. Hence, this geophysica. method ca. be successfully used to delinea.e a.d ma. these seepa.e pa.hwa.s within the subsurfa.e of the ea.th da..

关键词： a.oma.ous Seepa.e Ea.then Da. Unconsolida.ed Forma.ions Loose Ground Sa.ura.ed Zones

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GroESL protects superoxide dismuta.e (SOD)— Deficient cells a.a.nst oxida.ive stress a.d is a.cha.erone for SOD

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Hea.th 2013年第10期5卷 1719-1729页

作者： Ga.y j. Hunter Thérèse Hunter Depa.tment of Physiology a.d Biochemistry University of Malta Msida MSD 2080 Malta Depa.tment of Physiology a.d Biochemistry University of Malta Msida MSD 2080 Malta

Superoxide dismuta.e (SOD)-deficient Escherichia.coli OX326a.ells a.e protected a.a.nst chemica.ly-induced oxida.ive stress by expression of the cha.eronin GroESL. This protection is equiva.ent to expression of superoxide dismuta.e even though GroESL ha. no inherent SOD a.tivity. Co-overexpression of GroESL a.d SOD in the sa.e cells results in higher protein yields of SOD a.d grea.er meta.la.ion of SOD when compa.ed with expression of SOD a.one. Grea.er meta.la.ion results in the higher specific a.tivity of SOD tha. is observed in hea. shock, a.d is not due to increa.ed synthesis of SOD mRNa.or protein.

关键词： Superoxide Dismuta.e Cha.erone Hea. Shock Oxida.ive Stress

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考虑风电随机性的微电网热电联合调度(英文)

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电力系统自动化 2011年第9期35卷 53-60,66页

作者：徐立中杨光亚许昭董朝阳 j.ΦSTERGa.RD 曹一家浙江大学电气工程学院浙江省杭州市310027 Technica. University of Denma.k 香港理工大学电机工程学系 Technica.lUniversity of Denma.k 湖南大学电气与信息工程学院湖南省长沙市410082

提出了一种微电网热电联合调度的优化模型,考虑了系统运行约束和风电出力的波动性。风电出力的随机性,通过场景生成和削减方法产生的不同场景表示。该模型以系统总运行费用最小为目标函数,同时通过罚函数,把考虑了微电网和大电网连接点... 详细信息

提出了一种微电网热电联合调度的优化模型,考虑了系统运行约束和风电出力的波动性。风电出力的随机性,通过场景生成和削减方法产生的不同场景表示。该模型以系统总运行费用最小为目标函数,同时通过罚函数,把考虑了微电网和大电网连接点处的功率波动引入目标函数,使得在系统总成本最小的同时减小了风电出力波动性对电网的影响。根据模型,在考虑风电波动的情况下,调度计划中发电机出力不随风电出力的波动而改变,系统只调整发电机以外的设备实现对风电波动的补偿。仿真结果表明了该模型对含风电的微电网优化调度的有效性。

关键词：微电网热电联产风力发电经济调度随机优化

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Ca.cineurin overexpression regula.es a.P meta.olism

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a.va.ces in a.zheimer's Disea.e 2013年第3期2卷 109-116页

作者： Suruchi Utrej. Sea. j. Miller a.eister Sa.nders Depa.tment of Biology Drexel University Philadelphia USA

a.zheimer’s disea.e (a.) is a.complex neurodegenera.ive disea.e, pa.hologica.ly cha.a.terized by the a.cumula.ion of β-a.yloid peptide (a.) a.d intra.eurona. neurofibrilla.y ta.gles. Production of the a.peptide by the regula.ed intra.membra.e proteolysis of the β-a.yloid precursor protein (a.P) is a.centra. event in *** decline observed in a. models is dependent on a.genera.ion. One of the downstrea. effects media.ed by soluble a.oligomersincludes the hypera.tiva.ion of ca.cineurin (Ca.), a.Ca.+a.d ca.modulin (Ca.)-dependent, serinethreonine protein phospha.a.e. Ca. is one of the ma.0}r phospha.a.e a.socia.ed with cognitive a.d neurodegenera.ive effects of a.. a.specific isoform of Ca., Ca.a., is one of the most up-regula.ed mRNa. in bra.ns of ea.ly sta.e a. pa.ients. While a.’s a.ility to a.tiva.e Ca. ha. been well studied, not much is known a.out how increa.ed levels of Ca. in a. bra.n ca. contribute towa.ds a.genera.ion. In this study we specifica.ly investiga.e if increa.ed levels of Ca.a. regula.e a.P meta.olism. Our results demonstra.e tha. increa.ed Ca.a. expressionlea.s to increa.ed a.P levels a.d increa.ed proteolytic products of a.P, including a.. The da.a.suggest tha. upregula.ion of Ca. levels could contribute to neurodegenera.ion observed in a. by increa.ing levels ofa., potentia.ly forming a.pa.hogenic feed forwa.d loop.

关键词： a.zheimer’s Disea.e Ca.cineurin a.P a. FK506

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Ba.esia. Lea.ning of Clima.e Sensitivity I: Synthetic Observa.ions

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a.mospheric a.d Clima.e Sciences 2012年第4期2卷 464-473页

作者： Micha.l j. Ring Micha.l E. Schlesinger Clima.e Resea.ch Group Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana USA

The instrumenta. tempera.ure records a.e a.fected by both externa. clima.e forcings—in pa.ticula., the increa.e of long-lived greenhouse ga. emissions—a.d na.ura., interna. va.ia.ility. Estima.es of the va.ue of equilibrium clima.e sensitivity—the cha.ge in globa.-mea. equilibrium nea.-surfa.e tempera.ure due to a.doubling of the pre-industria. CO2 concentra.ion—a.d other clima.e pa.a.eters using these observa.iona. records a.e a.fected by the presence of the interna. va.ia.ility. a.different rea.iza.ion of the na.ura. va.ia.ility will result in different estima.es of the va.ues of these clima.e pa.a.eters. In this study we a.ply Ba.esia. estima.ion to simula.ed tempera.ure a.d ocea. hea.-upta.e records genera.ed by our Clima.e Resea.ch Group’s Simple Clima.e Model for known va.ues of equilibrium clima.e sensitivity, T2x direct sulfa.e a.rosol forcing in reference yea. 2000, Fa.a. a.d ocea.ic hea. diffusivity, ΔT2x. We choose the simula.ed records for one choice of va.ues of the clima.e pa.a.eters to serve a. the synthetic observa.ions. To ea.h of the simula.ed tempera.ure records we a.d a.number of dra.s of the qua.i-periodic oscilla.ions a.d stocha.tic noise, determined from the observed tempera.ure record. For ca.es considering only va.ues of ΔT2x a.d/or κ, the Ba.esia. estima.ion converges to the va.ue(s) of ΔT2x a.d/or κ used to genera.e the synthetic observa.ions. However, for ca.es studying Fa.a. the Ba.esia. a.a.ysis does not converge to the “true” va.ue used to genera.e the synthetic observa.ions. We show tha. this is a.problem of low signa.-to-noise ra.io: by substituting a. a.tificia., continuously increa.ing sulfa.e record, we grea.ly improve the va.ue obta.ned through Ba.esia. estima.ion. Our results indica.e Ba.esia. lea.ning techniques will be useful tools in constra.ning the va.ues of ΔT2x a.d κ but not Fa.a.In our Group’s future work we will extend the methods used here to the observed, instrumenta. records of globa.-mea. tempera.ure increa.e a.d oc

关键词： Clima.e Uncerta.nty Ba.esia. Estima.ion Interna. Va.ia.ility

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Ma.ufa.turing Na.o Electrode is Sensitive to Light for Produce Hydrogen Fuel

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j.urna. of Physica. Science a.d a.plica.ion 2016年第1期6卷 98-104页

作者： Ha.eema. j. Moha.med Ka.sim M. Sa.a. Renewa.le Energies Directora. Ministry of Science and Technology Baghdad Iraq

This resea.ch is a.med a. prepa.ing na.o （WO3：Sn） thin film, so tha. ma.ufa.turing a.ode electrode for a.cell electrolysis to produce hydrogen fuel, this thin film wa. prepa.ed on gla.s substra.es by using deposition la.er pulse （LPD） technique ha.e been studying optica. properties through the spectra.of a.sorba.ce a.d tra.smitta.ce, wa. determine the optica. energy ga. wa. observed tha. the permea.ility increa.es with the wa.elength found tha. these films ha.e high tra.smitta.ce in the visible spectra. region. The a.lowed direct ba.d ga. wa. found to increa.e from （2.9 eV） structured cha.a.teristics wa. studied through the a.a.ysis of X-ra. diffra.tion （XRD） of the prepa.ed film for determining the yielding pha.e which a.e to set the with sta.da.d ta.les. a.so, the sa.ple wa. tested a.omic force microscope to identify the roughness of prepa.ed films surfa.e, a.d ha. been the study of the volume of ga. output volta.es with cha.ge, time a.d current.

关键词： a.ode electrode na.o (WO3:Sn), deposition la.er pulse (LPD) X-ra. diffra.tion a.omic force microscope.

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Resolutions a.d Network La.encies Concerning a.Voxel Telepresence Experience

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j.urna. of Softwa.e Engineering a.d a.plica.ions 2019年第5期12卷 171-197页

作者： Noel j. W. Pa.k Holger Regenbrecht Depa.tment of Informa.ion Science (HCI La.) University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand

Recent a.va.cements in computing resea.ch a.d technology will a.low future immersive virtua. rea.ity systems to be voxel-ba.ed, i.e. entirely ba.ed on ga.-less, spa.ia. representa.ions of volumetric pixels. The current popula.ity of pixel-ba.ed videoconferencing systems could turn into true telepresence experiences tha. a.e voxel-ba.ed. Richer, non-verba. communica.ion will be possible tha.ks to the three-dimensiona. na.ure of such systems. a. effective telepresence experience is ba.ed on the users’ sense of copresence with others in the virtua. environment a.d on a.sense of embodiment. We investiga.e two ma.n qua.ity of service fa.tors, na.ely voxel size a.d network la.ency, to identify a.cepta.le threshold va.ues for ma.nta.ning the copresence a.d embodiment experience. We present a.working prototype implementa.ion of a.voxel-ba.ed telepresence system a.d ca. show tha. even a.coa.se 64 mm voxel size a.d a. overa.l round-trip la.ency of 542 ms a.e sufficient to ma.nta.n copresence a.d embodiment experiences. We provide threshold va.ues for noticea.le, disruptive, a.d unbea.a.le la.encies tha. ca. serve a. guidelines for future voxel a.d other telepresence systems.

关键词： Copresence Embodiment Mixed Rea.ity Telepresence Voxels

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Tra.sderma. Delivery of Ga.a.entin: Effect of Cosolvent a.d Microemulsion on Permea.ion through the Ra. Skin

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Pha.ma.ology & Pha.ma.y 2014年第5期5卷 471-478页

作者： Chika.j. Mba. Cha.les O. Nna.i Depa.tment of Pha.ma.eutica. a.d Medicina. Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

The obj.ctive of the present study wa. to exa.ine the influence of cosolvent system a.d micro-emulsion formula.ion on in-vitro skin permea.ion of ga.a.entin, furthermore, to cha.a.terize the physicochemica. properties of drug-loa.ed oil-in-wa.er (o/w) a.d wa.er-in-oil (w/o) cremophor 40-ba.ed microemulsions in compa.ison to the bla.k counterpa.ts. The cosolvent system prepa.ed by homogenous mixing is composed of etha.ol-wa.er a.d propylene glycol-wa.er mixture (90:10, 80:20, 70:30 v/v) respectively. The microemulsion consisted of coconut oil, wa.er a.d mixture of cremophor 40 (surfa.ta.t) a.d etha.ol (cosurfa.ta.t) a.d wa. prepa.ed by a.ueous pha.e titra.ion method. Physicochemica. properties of microemulsions were determined using reported procedures. Tra.sderma. flux for ga.a.entin wa. studied in-vitro using modified Fra.z diffusion cells. The physicochemica. properties of drug-loa.ed microemulsions a.d their bla.k counterpa.ts were genera.ly a.ike, however, slight va.ia.ion in pH a.d viscosity wa. observed proba.ly due to the intrinsic properties of the drug. The etha.ol-wa.er system (70:30 v/v) ga.e higher flux for ga.a.entin when compa.ed to propylene glycol-wa.er system (70:30 v/v). The w/o microemulsion formula.ions resulted in, higher flux for ga.a.entin when compa.ed to o/w formula.ions. FTIR spectra.of the untrea.ed stra.um corneum, when compa.ed to cosolvent system a.d microemulsion trea.ed stra.um corneum, suggest the mecha.ism of permea.ion to be disruption of lipid bila.ers a.d kera.in dena.ura.ion of the stra.um corneum. The results show tha. incorpora.ion of ga.a.entin into microemulsions did not cha.ge the microemulsion type. The in vitro permea.ion da.a.obta.ned from experimenta. work suggest tha. the cosolvent system (etha.ol-wa.er 70:30 v/v) a.d w/o microemulsion formula.ions respectively, ca. be successfully used a. potentia. vehicles in developing tra.sderma. thera.eutic systems for ga.a.entin.

关键词： Tra.sderma. Delivery Cosolvent System Microemulsion Ga.a.entin

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