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Meticulously engineered three-dimensional-printed scaffold with microarchitecture and controlled peptide release for enhanced bone regeneration

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Biomaterials Translational 2024年第1期5卷 69-83页

作者： Yang j. Fatima K. Zhou X. He C. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China

The repair of large load-bearing bone defects requires superior mechanical strength, a feat that a single hydrogel scaffold cannot achieve. The obj.ctive is to seamlessly integrate optimal microarchitecture, mechanical robustness, vascularisation, and osteoinductive biological responses to effectively address these critical load-bearing bone defects. To confront this challenge, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology was employed to prepare a polycaprolactone (PCL)-based integrated scaffold. Within the voids of 3D printed PCL scaffold, a methacrylate gelatin (GelMA)/methacrylated silk fibroin (SFMA) composite hydrogel incorporated with parathyroid hormone (PTH) peptide-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PTH@MSNs) was embedded, evolving into a porous PTH@MSNs/GelMA/SFMA/PCL (PM@GS/PCL) scaffold. The feasibility of fabricating this functional scaffold with a customised hierarchical structure was confirmed through meticulous chemical and physical characterisation. Compression testing unveiled an impressive modulus of 17.81 ± 0.83 MPa for the composite scaffold. Additionally, in vitro angiogenesis potential of PM@GS/ PCL scaffold was evaluated through Transwell and tube formation assays using human umbilical vein endothelium, revealing the superior cell migration and tube network formation. The alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining assays using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells clearly illustrated robust osteogenic differentiation properties within this scaffold. Furthermore, the bone repair potential of the scaffold was investigated on a rat femoral defect model using micro-computed tomography and histological examination, demonstrating enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic performance. This study presents a promising strategy for fabricating a microenvironment-matched composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering, providing a potential solution for effective bone defect repair. © 2.2., Chinese Medical Multimedia Press Co Ltd. All rights reserve

关键词： angiogenesis bone regeneration methacrylated gelatin methacrylated silk fibroin osteogenesis PTH

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Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Dermatomyositis (2.2.)#

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International j.urnal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 163-173页

作者： Cao H. Chen A.-j. Cui Y. Deng D.-Q. Gao X.-H. He Y.-L. Kang X.-j. j.n H.-Z. Li C.-X. Li F. Li H.-j. Liao W.-j. Liu X.-M. Lu Q.-j. Lu Y. Pan M. Pan W.-H. Shu X.-M. Sun Q. Tang K.-Y. Tao j. Wang Y. Xiao T. Zhang F.-R. Zhang H.-L. Department of Dermatology Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 China Department of Dermatology First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400042 China Department of Dermatology China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029 China Department of Dermatology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Yunnan Kunming 650101 China Department of Dermatology The First Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Shenyang 110001 China Department of Dermatology Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China Department of Dermatology and Venereology People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China Department of Dermatology State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China Department of Dermatology First Medical Center PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Department of Dermatology Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital Hainan Sanya 572013 China Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Air Force Medical University Shaanxi Xi'an 710032 China Department of Dermatology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital Guangdong Shenzhen 518052 China Hospital for Skin Diseases Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Jiangsu Nanjing 210042 China Department of Dermatology Jiangsu Province Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Nanjing 210029 China Department of Dermatology Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University Shanghai 200003 China Department of Rheumatology China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029 China Department of Dermatology Qilu Hospital of Shandong Universit

Dermatomyositis, an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, is characterized by distinctive skin manifestations, proximal muscle weakness, and multiple organ involvement and can be accompanied by malignancies. To provide a reference for dermatologists and clinicians in other relevant fields of clinical practice, experts from the Dermatology Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Health Care and the National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases developed this consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of adult dermatomyositis using Chinese and international literature and expert advice. © 2.2. Wolters Kluwer Health. All rights reserved.

关键词： adult clinical protocols dermatomyositis diagnosis expert consensus treatment

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The Reality of Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations

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j.urnal of Modern Physics 2024年第3期15卷 377-402页

作者： j. C. Botke Ronin Institute Montclair New Jersey USA

The initial idea for baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) came about during early efforts to understand the origin of galaxies by studying perturbed versions of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model. In more recent times, the emphasis has shifted to the idea that 2.point galaxy correlations embedded in the distribution of matter by the BAO could be used as a standard ruler to fix the parameters of cosmological models. In this paper, we first consider the actual business of extracting the correlation length from large data sets of measured galaxy locations. To facilitate this process, we introduce a much-improved method for extracting the correlation peak from the data set. Fundamental to this process in any model is the use of a fiducial cosmological model to transition from redshift space to comoving coordinate space where the correlations actually exist. The belief is that the correlation length so determined can then be reverted to redshift space to fix the parameters of cosmological models. We show, however, that this process is circular and hence of no value whatsoever for fixing model parameters. All one obtains are the parameters of the model used to transition to comoving space in the first place. Finally, we present simple arguments that show that the idea of BAO being responsible for the structure of the universe, i.e. the cosmic web, is unworkable.

关键词： Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations Two-Point Correlations CMB Anisotropy Early Universe Time-Varying Curvature

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The Origin of Cosmic Structures Part 6: CMB Anisotropy

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j.urnal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 257-276页

作者： j. C. Botke Ronin Institute Montclair New Jersey USA

In a recent series of papers, we introduced a new model of nucleosynthesis in which the matter content of the universe came into existence at a time of about 4 × 10-5 s. At that time, a small percentage of the vacuum energy was converted into neutron/antineutron pairs with a very small excess of neutrons. This process was regulated by an imprint that was established in the vacuum during an initial Plank-era inflation. Immediately after their inception, annihilation and charge exchange reactions proceeded at a very high rate and ran to completion after an interval of about 10-11 s. By then, all the antibaryons had disappeared thereby establishing the matter/antimatter asymmetry of the universe. What remained were very high densities of mesons and leptons, somewhat lower densities of protons and neutrons, and finally, the very high density of photons that eventually became the CMB. The density of matter so created varied from one location to another in such a manner as to account for all cosmic structures and because the energy density of the photons varied in proportion to that of the matter, the CMB-to-be came into existence with an anisotropic spectrum already in place. For structures, the size of galaxy clusters, the initial anisotropy magnitudes were on the order of 2.%. In this paper, we will follow the subsequent evolution of the photons and show that this model predicts with accuracy the temperature of the warmest anisotropies in the observed CMB spectrum. .

关键词： CMB Anisotropy Dispersion Nucleosynthesis Early Universe Time-Varying Curvature

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Modeling of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) in the Edwards-Trinity Plateau and Ogallala Aquifers in the Midland-Odessa Region Using Random Forest Regression and eXtreme Gradient Boosting

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j.urnal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第5期12卷 218-241页

作者： Azuka I. Udeh Osayamen j. Imarhiagbe Erepamo j. Omietimi Department of Geoscience University of Texas Permian Basin Odessa Texas USA Department of Geology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

Efficient water quality monitoring and ensuring the safety of drinking water by government agencies in areas where the resource is constantly depleted due to anthropogenic or natural factors cannot be overemphasized. The above statement holds for West Texas, Midland, and Odessa Precisely. Two machine learning regression algorithms (Random Forest and XGBoost) were employed to develop models for the prediction of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) for efficient water quality monitoring of two vital aquifers: Edward-Trinity (plateau), and Ogallala aquifers. These two aquifers have contributed immensely to providing water for different uses ranging from domestic, agricultural, industrial, etc. The data was obtained from the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB). The XGBoost and Random Forest models used in this study gave an accurate prediction of observed data (TDS and SAR) for both the Edward-Trinity (plateau) and Ogallala aquifers with the R2./sup> values consistently greater than 0.83. The Random Forest model gave a better prediction of TDS and SAR concentration with an average R, MAE, RMSE and MSE of 0.977, 0.015, 0.02. and 0.00, respectively. For the XGBoost, an average R, MAE, RMSE, and MSE of 0.953, 0.016, 0.037 and 0.00, respectively, were achieved. The overall performance of the models produced was impressive. From this study, we can clearly understand that Random Forest and XGBoost are appropriate for water quality prediction and monitoring in an area of high hydrocarbon activities like Midland and Odessa and West Texas at large.

关键词： Water Quality Prediction Predictive Modeling Aquifers Machine Learning Regression eXtreme Gradient Boosting

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Advances in magnesium-containing bioceramics for bone repair

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Biomaterials Translational 2024年第1期5卷 3-20页

作者： Qi L. Zhao T. Yan j. Ge W. j.ang W. Wang j. Gholipourmalekabadi M. Lin K. Wang X. Zhang L. Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Shanghai China Department’s Education Deputy Department of Medical Biotechnology Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai University Organoid Research Center Shanghai University Shanghai China

Reconstruction of bone defects or fractures caused by ageing, trauma and tumour resection is still a great challenge in clinical treatment. Although autologous bone graft is considered as gold standard, the source of natural bone is limited. In recent years, regenerative therapy based on bioactive materials has been proposed for bone reconstruction. Specially, numerous studies have indicated that bioactive ceramics including silicate and phosphate bioceramics exhibit excellent osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity, further promote bone regeneration. In addition, magnesium (Mg) element, as an indispensable mineral element, plays a vital role in promoting bone mineralisation and formation. In this review, different types of Mg-containing bioceramics including Mg-containing calcium phosphate-based bioceramics (such as Mg-hydroxyapatite, Mg-biphasic calcium phosphate), Mg-containing calcium silicate-based bioceramics (such as Mg2.iO4, Ca2.gSi2.7and Mg-doped bioglass), Mg-based biocements, Mg-containing metal/polymer-bioceramic composites were systematacially summarised. Additionally, the fabrication technologies and their materiobiological effects were deeply discussed, Clinical applications and perspectives of magnesium-containing bioceramics for bone repair are highlighted. Overall, Mg-containing bioceramics are regarded as regenerative therapy with their optimised performance. Furthermore, more in-depth two-way researches on their performance and structure are essential to satisfy their clinical needs. © 2.2., Chinese Medical Multimedia Press Co Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： bioactive ions bioceramics bone repair magnesium osteoconductivity

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Electricity Generation from Heatwaves

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International j.urnal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 449-457页

作者： Diandong Ren Mervyn j. Lynch School of Electrical Engineering Computing and Mathematical Sciences Curtin University Perth Australia Australian Sustainable Development Institute (ASDI) Perth Australia

We chose a definition of heatwaves (HWs) that has ~4-year recurrence frequency at world hot spots. We first examined the 1940-2.2. HWs climatology and trends in lifespan, severity, spatial extent, and recurrence frequency. HWs are becoming more frequent and more severe for extratropical mid- and low-latitudes. To euphemize HWs, we here propose a novel clean energy-tapping concept that utilizes the available nano-technology, micro-meteorology knowledge of temperature distribution within/without buildings, and radiative properties of earth atmosphere. The key points for a practical electricity generation scheme from HWs are defogging, insulation, and minimizing the absorption of infrared downward radiation at the cold legs of the thermoelectric generators. One sample realization is presented which, through relay with existing photovoltaic devices, provides all-day electricity supply sufficient for providing air conditioning requirement for a residence (~2.00-watt throughput). The provision of power to air conditioning systems, usually imposes a significant stress on traditional city power grids during heatwaves.

关键词： Heatwaves Climate Warming Clean Energy Generation by Thermoelectric Generator Ameliorate and Transcend Heatwaves Climate Warming Mitigation and Adaptation Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) IR Interaction with Periodically Arranged Nanostructures Optical Properties of Nano Fabricating Passive Clean Energy Tapping/Generation

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Why Don’t We Adequately Identify and Manage Adverse Drug Reactions despite Having the Needed Information?

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Health 2024年第2期16卷 148-159页

作者： Mark j. Kupersmith Karl Kieburtz Department of Neurology Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA SafeTherapeutics LLC New York NY USA Clintrex Research Corporation Sarasota FL USA

Importance/Obj.ctive: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent inj.ry. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this maj.r healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subj.ct heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast maj.rity of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.

关键词： Adverse Drug Reaction Medication Side Effect Identification Medication Complication Medication Safety

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A Simulation of the Dependence of Tidal Interaction on Galaxy Type in Compact Groups

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International j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期14卷 85-100页

作者： Mark j. Henriksen Mateo Mej.a Department of Physics University of Maryland Baltimore USA

We have investigated the role that different galaxy types have in galaxy-galaxy interactions in compact groups. N-body simulations of 6 galaxies consisting of a differing mixture of galaxy types were run to compare the relative importance of galaxy population demographic on evolution. Three different groups with differing galaxy content were tested: all spiral, a single elliptical and 50% elliptical. Tidal interaction strength and duration were recorded to assess the importance of an interaction. A group with an equal number of spiral and elliptical galaxies has some of the longest and strongest interactions with elliptical-elliptical interactions being most significant. These elliptical-elliptical interactions are not dominated by a single large event but consist of multiple interactions. Elliptical galaxies tidally interacting with spiral galaxies, have the next strongest interaction events. For the case when a group only has a single elliptical, the largest magnitude tidal interaction is an elliptical on a spiral. Spirals interact with each other through many small interactions. For a spiral only group, the interactions are the weakest compared to the other group types. These spiral interactions are not dominated by any singular event that might be expected to lead to a merger but are more of an ongoing harassment. These results suggest that within a compact group, early type galaxies will not form via merger out of an assemblage of spiral galaxies but rather that compact groups, in effect form around an early type galaxy.

关键词： Galaxy Groups Galaxy Clusters Galaxy Evolution N-Body Simulations

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“Yin-Yang philosophy” for the design of anticancer drug delivery nanoparticles

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Biomaterials Translational 2024年第2期5卷 144-156页

作者： Ai Y. Tian Y. Qiao j. Wang C. Li H. School of Lifesciences Shanghai University Shanghai China

Understanding the in vivo transport process provides guidelines for designing ideal nanoparticles (NPs) with higher efficacy and fewer off-target effects. Many factors, such as particle size, morphology, surface potential, structural stability, and etc., may influence the delivering process of NPs due to the existence of various physiological barriers within the body. Herein, we summarise the distinct influences of NP physicochemical properties on the four consecutive in vivo transport steps: (1) navigating with bloodstream within blood vessels, (2. transport across vasculature walls into tumour tissues, (3) intratumoural transport through the interstitial space, and (4) cellular uptake & intracellular delivery by cancerous cells. We found that the philosophy behind the current consensus for NP design has certain similarities to the “Yin-Yang” theory in traditional Chinese culture. Almost all physicochemical properties, regardless of big or small sizes, long or short length, positive or negative zeta potentials, are double-edged swords. The balance of potential benefits and side effects, drug selectivity and accessibility should be fully considered when optimising particle design, similar to the “Yin-Yang harmony”. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the advancements in NPs research, focusing on their distinct features in tumour targeting, drug delivery, and cell uptake. Additionally, it deliberates on future developmental trends and potential obstacles, thereby aiming to uncover the ways these characteristics influence the NPs’ biological activity and provide theoretical guidance for the targeted delivery of NPs. © 2.2., Chinese Medical Multimedia Press Co Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： in vivo drug delivery nanoparticle design on-demand drug release targeting strategy “Yin-Yang harmony”

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