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世界地震译丛 2003年第4期34卷 6-22页

作者： M．Westerhaus M．Wyss R．Yilmaz j．zschau 孙彦雪薛经冯录刚张跃刚陈学忠不详河北省地震局

在30.1°E和30.8°E之间的北安纳托利亚断层系,从平直段到释放弯曲段,其b值从1.1上升到1.7。GPS资料对这个弯曲段的扩张特性给予了证实,观测到的扩张速率为0.3μ应变/a。在该区域断层面解从大量右旋走滑变为弯曲段中部的带法向分量的斜... 详细信息

在30.1°E和30.8°E之间的北安纳托利亚断层系,从平直段到释放弯曲段,其b值从1.1上升到1.7。GPS资料对这个弯曲段的扩张特性给予了证实,观测到的扩张速率为0.3μ应变/a。在该区域断层面解从大量右旋走滑变为弯曲段中部的带法向分量的斜向滑动,这与拉张盆地构造相吻合。我们认为,由于切向和法向断层运动的叠加,地壳体高度破碎,相当于一个短的平均裂纹长度。由于现存裂纹上的低正应力,摩擦滑动被认为是地震活动产生的主要机制,引起b值升高。研究区中的最低b值(b～0.8)是在断层弯曲段和毗连段之间的交汇处发现的,这个地段恰好穿过1999年伊兹米特地震的震中。沿几何障碍体的地震活动数值模拟预示着,在这个交汇处有局部应力集中。因此,b值最低的场地被认为是大地震最容易发生的地方,这个结论被伊兹米特地震所证实,震中离预测位置约13km。在1992年年初,沿断层弯曲段的中部和西北部空间平均b值开始上升,并且对应一个强烈的水平拉张期。由于1992年没有记录到任何大地震,因此假定这种异常拉张和应力的相关变化是由无震断层滑动引起的。根据可使用的地震构造信息,计算出了因深处缓慢位错而造成的地表位移。GPS资料通过深度为10km、等效震级M_W=5.9的正断层震源而得到很好的解释。不同孕震深度的应力变化也计算了出来,基于的假设是偏应力和平均应力下降而库伦应力变化为正的地段最容易观测到b值上升,也就是说,断层已接近破裂。对于右旋走滑断层,满足这种应力条件的地点是b值上升最大的地方。伊兹米特地震的地表破裂仅同研究区西部和东部的已知断层迹线有关。沿断层弯曲部分,地表破裂从地图上标示出的断层迹线脱离出来,贯穿推测的1992年慢地震引起的正库伦应力变化区域。最大地表滑动(5m)是在最大库伦应力变化(～3bar)场地附近观测到的,这表明1992年的慢地震可能已部分地松开了其后发生的伊兹米特地震的破裂面。我们认为,沿复杂断层弯曲部分观测到b值的明显变化可用来描述构造形变在时空上的不同状态。

关键词：地壳形变地震b值地壳体历史地震

对斯图尔特·克朗平对“乔丹等(2011)‘可操作的地震预报:认知状态与实施指南’评论”的答复

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世界地震译丛 2013年第2期44卷 15-17页

作者： T.H.jordan Yun-Tai Chen P.Gasparini R.Madariaga I.Main W.Marzocchi G.Papadopoulos G.Sobolev K.Yamaoka j.zschau 宫健华北京大学

主题分类：地震相互作用和概率地震灾害风险Crampin（2012）在对国际地震预测委员会（ICEF）报告（jordanetal,2011）的评论中声称,观测到的剪切波分裂的变化可以在短时间尺度高度可靠而有效地预测大地震,他还质疑ICEF的主要结果——迄... 详细信息

主题分类：地震相互作用和概率地震灾害风险Crampin（2012）在对国际地震预测委员会（ICEF）报告（jordanetal,2011）的评论中声称,观测到的剪切波分裂的变化可以在短时间尺度高度可靠而有效地预测大地震,他还质疑ICEF的主要结果——迄今还没有一种方法被证明具有这样一种预测能力。

关键词：地震预报评论答复指南状态操作地震预测剪切波分裂

Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： Mubarak j.Al-Mubarak Antonio j.Conejo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the Middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation *** storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and ***,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable *** generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the Middle *** production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance *** draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

Analysis of ancient mass extinction recoveries in marine environments: generating strategies for managing outcomes of the current mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： David j.Bottjer Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

The defining feature of a mass extinction and its associated recovery is the global amount of extinction that occurred[1]. However, there is finer-scale detail to the story, as seen in the ongoing modern mass extinction(the sixth mass extinction), which exhibits variable effects among marine ecosystems and environments, and hence geographic areas [1].

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Global weirding at mass extinction horizons

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 10-12页

作者： Gregory j.Retallack Department of Earth Sciences University of Oregon

A strong motivation for studying mass extinctions is understanding how current climatic and biodiversity crises will affect creatures living on land such as ourselves. Perhaps the question is: how bad can it get? In that case, terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinctions are an irresistible worst-case scenario [1].

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Decoding the genetic program of micronucleus formation: linking chromosomal instability to human disease

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第7期9卷 2840-2842页

作者： jörg Fahrer Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Department of ChemistryRPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau67663 KaiserslauternGermany

A recent study by Adams and colleagues published in Nature unveiled more than one hundred genes that are involved in micronucleus formation,1 which is a biomarker for genomic instability and associated with aging,cancer,and other disorders.2 As an outstanding achievement,the authors identified DSCC1(DNA Replication And Sister Chromatid Cohesion 1)as a critical gene protecting against early developmental defects,genomic instability,reduced proliferative capacity,cohesinopathy-related phenotypes,and tumor development in vivo.

关键词： chromosomal linking Replication

Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第01期16卷 288-298页

作者： Robert j.Moore School of Science RMIT University

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their health. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurgent in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production settings. The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading, thoughts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management

Water Vapor Information from Satellite and Its Applications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 188-189页

作者： B.j.SOHN School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Water vapor is a critical component of the hydrological cycle because it plays a vital role in transporting water from one part of the cycle to *** vapor evaporated from surfaces such as oceans,lakes,and rivers conden... 详细信息

关键词： motion oceans lakes

SCFD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:reconciling a genetic association with in vivo functional analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1201-1202页

作者： Ruben j.Cauchi Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking Biomedical Sciences BuildingDepartment of Physiology and BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in muscle weakness and spasticity,eventually leading to death due to respiratory *** by our group of a casecontrol cohort from an isolated island population have found that genetics plays a significant role in disease etiology(Farrugia Wismayer et al.,2023).

关键词： sclerosis respiratory