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Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts:evidence from brain activities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 5-15页

作者： jianxun Yang Yunqi Liu Berry van den Berg Susie Wang Lele Chen Miaomiao Liu jun Bi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nanjing Foreign Language School Nanjing 210008China Department of Experimental Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Social Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands School of Education Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

Awareness of the adverse impact of air pollution on attention-related performance such as learning and driving is rapidly ***,there is still little known about the underlying neurocognitive *** an adapted dot-probe task paradigm and event-related potential(ERP)technique,we investigated how visual stimuli of air pollution influence the attentional allocation *** were required to make responses to the onset of a target presented at the left or right visual *** probable location of the target was forewarned by a cue(pollution or clean air images),appearing at either the target location(attention-holding trials)or the opposite location(attention-shifting trials).Behavioral measures showed that when cued by pollution images,subjects had higher response accuracy in attention-shifting *** analysis results revealed that after the cue onset,pollution images evoked lower N300 amplitudes,indicating less attentioncapturing effects of dirty *** the target onset,pollution cues were correlated with the higher P300 amplitudes in attention-holding trials but lower amplitudes in attention-shifting *** indicates that after visual exposure to air pollution,people need more neurocognitive resources to maintain attention but less effort to shift attention *** findings provide the first neuroscientific evidence for the distracting effect of air *** conclude with several practical implications and suggest the ERP technique as a promising tool to understand human responses to environmental stressors.

关键词： Air pollution Attention Disengagement Performance Event-related potential

Supramolecular Polymerization of Hydrogen-Bonded Trimers in Bulk and Aqueous Medium

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1458-1465页

作者： Freek V.de Graaf Stef A.H.jansen Sandra M.C.Schoenmakers Bas van Genabeek Marle E.j.Vleugels Bart W.L.van den Bersselaar E.W.Meijer Ghislaine vantomme Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of Technology5600 MBEindhoven School of Chemistry and RNA Institute University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052

Synthetic molecules that form functional noncovalent assemblies in water have received much attention for their potential applications as *** this work,we introduce a novel water-compatible monomer based on the phthalhydrazide moiety that assembles into hydrogen-bonded trimeric *** bulk,the material exhibits a cylindrical nanostructure in the liquid-crystalline phase at elevated temperatures,morphologically distinct from the crystalline lamellar *** water,these molecules effectively form cylinders in a one-dimensional fashion,yielding fibrous *** formation of these supramolecular polymers follows a cooperative mechanism,as evidenced by denaturation *** trimerized pattern represents a new category of aqueous su pramolecular polymers with future prospects for functional complex molecular systems.

关键词： noncovalent chemistry supramolecular polymers hydrogen bonding cooperativity nanostructure

Impact of black cherry on pedunculate oak vitality in mixed forests:Balancing benefits and concerns

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 690-699页

作者： Ellen Desie Bart Muys jan den Ouden Bart Nyssen Rita Sousa-Silva Leon van den Berg Arnold van den Burg Gert-jan van Duinen Koenraad van Meerbeek Maaike Weijters Karen vancampenhout Division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU Leuven Campus GeelKleinhoefstraat 4B-2240 GeelBelgium Division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200EBox 2411B-3001 LeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Plant Institute B-3001 LeuvenBelgium Forest Ecology and Management Group Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 47Wageningenthe Netherlands Bosgroep Zuid-Nederland Huisvenseweg 145591 VD Heezethe Netherlands Young Academy for Sustainability Research University of Freiburg79104 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Aquatic Ecology&Environmental Biology Radboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ Nijmegenthe Netherlands Biosphere/Zoological Museum Netherlands Onderlangs 176731 BK Otterlothe Netherlands Stichting Bargerveen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands B-WARE Research Centre/Radboud University Nijmegen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands

The vitality of European forests continues to decline due to new pests and diseases,climate-change related disturbances and high loads of atmospheric nitrogen *** soil health is a major factor underpinning the low vitality of West-European *** tree species with soil ameliorative traits is proposed as an avenue to counteract soil acidification and improve overall forest *** we evaluate the impact of black cherry(Prunus serotina Ehrh.),a known rich litter species,on the vitality of neighboring pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)in ten mixed forests on sand in Germany,Belgium and the *** found that black cherry admixture increases foliar N and P to a surplus whereas it causes deficiencies in foliar Mg,thereby resulting in an overall negative effect on oak foliar nutrient ***,defoliation of oak leaves by herbivory decreases with the proximity of black *** structural equation modelling(SEM),we tested the hypothesized‘improved soil health’*** analyses showed that black cherry admixture leads to lower accumulation in the humus layer,resulting in higher soil base saturation which has a positive effect on foliar Ca yet a negative effect on total ***,the SEM illustrated that herbivory of oak leaves decreases when black cherry is admixed,both via dilution and improved soil *** effects of black cherry on oak vitality via“improved soil health”in our SEM are however small in comparison to direct ***,our study showed that the combined positive and negative impacts of black cherry on oak vitality are limited,which tempers the potential benefits of using the rich litter species to counteract oak decline via improved soil health–yet,the concern of black cherry as an invasive alien species negatively affecting the vitality of mature pedunculate oak trees may also be exaggerated.

关键词： Rich litter species Black cherry Nutrient cycling Insect herbivory Dilution effect Humus type Pedunculate oak Plant-soil interaction

Staying home or leaving for a party:tissue-dependent choices of tissue-resident memory T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第6期19卷 651-652页

作者： Klaas P.j.M.van Gisbergen joke M.M.den Haan Department of Hematopoiesis Sanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam1066CXAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Institute for Infection and ImmunityAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

CD8+T cells differentiate into different types of memory T cells after priming in the lymphoid *** memory T cells selectively express lymph node homing markers and recirculate between the blood and the secondary lymphoid *** memory T cells lack lymph node homing capacity,mainly circulate in the blood,and may enter peripheral *** third subset consists of tissue-resident memory T(Trm)cells that express CD69 and adhesion molecules such as CD11a,CD103,and CD49a that prevent tissue egress.

关键词： organs lymphoid CD69

Combining two-photon lithography with laser ablation of sacrificial layers:A route to isolated 3D magnetic nanostructures

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1441-1447页

作者： Arjen van den Berg Mylène Caruel Matthew Hunt Sam Ladak School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff UniversityCardiffCF243AAUK Institut National des Sciences Appliquées(INSA)of Toulouse 35 Avenue de Rangueil31400 ToulouseFrance

Three-dimensional(3D)nanostructured functional materials are important systems allowing new means for intricate control of electromagnetic properties.A key problem is realising a 3D printing methodology on the nanoscale that can yield a range of functional *** this article,it is shown that two-photon lithography,when combined with laser ablation of sacrificial layers,can be used to realise such a vision and produce 3D functional nanomaterials of complex ***-of-principle is first shown by fabricating planar magnetic nanowires raised above the substrate that exhibit controlled domain wall injection and ***,3D artificial spin-ice(3DASI)structures are fabricated,whose complex switching can be probed using optical *** show that by careful analysis of the magneto-optical Kerr effect signal and by comparison with micromagnetic simulations,depth dependent switching information can be obtained from the 3DASI *** work paves the way for new materials,which exploit additional physics provided by non-trivial 3D geometries.

关键词： three-dimensional(3D)nanomagnetism 3D lithography 3D artificial spin ice sacrificial layers magneto-optical Kerr effect

External quality control and training of semen analysis in the Netherlands:starting point for further reduction of outcome variability

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Asian journal of Andrology 2022年第1期24卷 15-20页

作者： Louise Lemmens Leonie van den Hoven Netty j van Vrouwerff Didi DM Braat Willianne LDM Nelen Marian A Spath Alex MM Wetzels Fertility Laboratory Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyRadboud University Medical CenterPO Box 91016500 HB NijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Clinical Chemistry Sint Antonius HospitalPO Box 25003430 EM NieuwegeinThe Netherlands Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Radboud University Medical CenterPO Box 91016500 HB NijmegenThe Netherlands

Semen analysis is characterized by high levels of intra-and inter-laboratory variability,due to a low level of standardization,high subjectivity of the assessments,and problems with automated *** improve consistency of laboratory results,quality control and training of technicians are important *** goals of this study are to evaluate the results of an external quality control(EQC)program and standardized training by ESHRE Basic Semen Analysis Courses(BSAC)on the variability in manual assessments of semen *** performed retrospective analyses of(1)the interlaboratory variability in the Dutch EQC program and(2)the interobserver variability in BSACs for concentration,motility,and morphology *** data showed that the interlaboratory coefficient of variation(CV)for concentration assessment decreased(range from 24.0%–97.5%to 12.7%–20.9%)but not for morphology and motility *** variability was lower if improved Neubauer hemocytometers were *** assessment showed highest CVs(up to 375.0%),with many outliers in the period of 2007–*** BSAC,a significant reduction of interobserver variability could be established for all parameters(P<0.05).The absence of an effect in the EQC program for motility and morphology might be explained by respectively the facts that motility assessment was introduced relatively late in the EQC program(since 2013)and that criteria for morphology assessment changed in *** results might have been influenced by the pretraining level of participants and the influence of external *** EQC and training show positive effects on reducing *** willingness by laboratories to change their methods toward standards may lead to further improvements.

关键词： external quality control semen analysis standardized training

Multiscale friction model for hot sheet metal forming

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Friction 2022年第2期10卷 316-334页

作者： jenny VENEMA javad HAZRATI Eisso ATZEMA David MATTHEWS Ton van den BOOGAARD Tata Steel Research&DevelopmentCA Ijmuiden 1970the Netherlands Nonlinear Solid Mechanics Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 NBthe Netherlands Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 NBthe Netherlands

The accurate description of friction is critical in the finite element(FE)simulation of the sheet metal forming ***,friction is oversimplified through the use of a constant Coulomb friction *** this study,the application of an existing multiscale friction model is extended to the hot stamping *** model accounts for the effects of tool and sheet metal surface topography as well as the evolution of contact pressure,temperature,and bulk strain during hot *** load flattening and strip drawing experiments are performed to calibrate the *** results show that the model can relatively well predict friction in strip draw experiments when the tool surface evolution due to wear is ***,the application of the formulated multiscale friction model was demonstrated in the FE simulation of a hot-stamped part.

关键词： tribology wear friction hot stamping friction model

Supplementing oat hulls to the diet of suckling piglets altered their intestinal tract and colonic microbiota development

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 284-296页

作者： Hubèrt M.j.van Hees Koen Chiers Leo A.den Hartog Theo A.T.G.van Kempen Dominiek Maes Sam Millet Geert P.j.janssens Department of Veterinary and Biosciences Ghent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium Trouw Nutrition Research and Development Amersfoortthe Netherlands Department of Pathology Ghent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium Animal Nutrition Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Herd HealthGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium ILVO(Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food)MelleBelgium

Current study evaluated the effect of a fine and coarsely ground insoluble dietary fibre source on the gastrointestinal development of suckling *** hulls(OH)were selected as a model feedstuff,rich in cellulose,lignin,and insoluble dietary *** experimental supplemental diets were formulated:a finely ground,low fibre and nutrient dense diet served as control(CON).For the 2 high fibre diets,15%heat-treated starch in CON was exchanged with OH,either finely(OH-f)or coarsely ground(OH-c).Litters of 10 primi-and multiparous sows(mean litter size 14.6±0.84)were *** a litter,experimental diets were allotted to triplets of 4 *** approximately 12 d of age,piglets’individual feed intakes were recorded 2 times per day when separated from their dam for 70 *** could suckle with their dam for the remainder of the *** d 24 and 25,from the total pool of 120 piglets,seven healthy well-eating piglets per treatment were selected for post-mortem evaluation,resulting in 14 replicates per *** of OH-c and OH-f did not impede clinical health and production performance of *** full stomach weights tended to be greater for OH-c compared to OH-f whereas CON was intermediate(P=0.083).Supplementing OH significantly increased ileal villus height and caecal dry matter concentration(Prgely independent from the particle size of the OH.

关键词： Oat hull Insoluble fibre Gastrointestinal development Suckling piglet

One hundred marathons in 100 days:Unique biomechanical signature and the evolution of force characteristics and bone density

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 347-357页

作者： Pieter van den Berghe Bastiaan Breine Ella Haeck Dirk De Clercq Department of Movement and Sports Sciences Ghent UniversityGhent 9000Belgium

Background:An extraordinary long-term running performance may benefit from low dynamic loads and a high load-bearing *** extraordinary runner(age=55 years,height=1.81 m,mass=92 kg) scheduled a marathon a day for 100 consecutive *** running biomechanics and bone density were investigated to better understand successful long-term running in the master ***:Overground running gait analysis and bone densitometry were conducted before the marathon-a-day challenge and near its *** case’s running biomechanics were compared pre-challenge to 31 runners who were matched by a similar foot strike ***:The case’s peak vertical loading rate(Δx=-61.9 body weight(BW)/s or-57%),peak vertical ground reaction force(Δx=-0.38 BW or-15%),and peak braking force(Δx=-0.118 BW or-31%) were remarkably lower(pdensity increased to 1.245 g/cm;(+2.98%) near completion of the challenge,whereas the force characteristics showed no statistically significant ***:The remarkable pattern of the high-mileage runner may be useful in developing or evaluating load-shifting strategies in distance running.

关键词： Bone Gait analysis Ground reaction force Load Running