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Interactive labelling of a multivariate dataset for supervised machine learning using linked visualisations,clustering,and active learning

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Visual Informatics 2019年第1期3卷 9-17页

作者： Mohammad Chegini jürgen bernard Philip Berger Alexei Sourin Keith Andrews Tobias Schreck Graz University of Technology Austria School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore TU Darmstadt Germany University of Rostock Germany

Supervised machine learning techniques require labelled multivariate training *** approaches address the issue of unlabelled datasets by tightly coupling machine learning algorithms with interactive *** appropriate techniques,analysts can play an active role in a highly interactive and iterative machine learning process to label the dataset and create meaningful *** this principle has been implemented either for unsupervised,semi-supervised,or supervised machine learning tasks,the combination of all three methodologies remains *** this paper,a visual analytics approach is presented,combining a variety of machine learning capabilities with four linked visualisation views,all integrated within the mVis(multivariate Visualiser)*** available palette of techniques allows an analyst to perform exploratory data analysis on a multivariate dataset and divide it into meaningful labelled partitions,from which a classifier can be *** the workflow,the analyst can label interesting patterns or outliers in a semi-supervised process supported by active *** a dataset has been interactively labelled,the analyst can continue the workflow with supervised machine learning to assess to what degree the subsequent classifier has effectively learned the concepts expressed in the labelled training *** a novel technique called automatic dimension selection,interactions the analyst had with dimensions of the multivariate dataset are used to steer the machine learning algorithms.A real-world football dataset is used to show the utility of mVis for a series of analysis and labelling tasks,from initial labelling through iterations of data exploration,clustering,classification,and active learning to refine the named partitions,to finally producing a high-quality labelled training dataset suitable for training a *** tool empowers the analyst with interactive visualisations including scatterplots,parallel

关键词： Labelling Clustering Classification Active learning Multivariate data Visualisation

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Interactive visual labelling versus active learning:an experimental comparison

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020年第4期21卷 524-535页

作者： Mohammad CHEGINI jurgen bernard jian CUI Fatemeh CHEGINI Alexei SOURIN Keith ANDREWS Tobias SCHRECK Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualisation Graz University of TechnologyGraz 8010Austria School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore InfoVis Group University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T1Z4Canada Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg 20146Germany Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of TechnologyGraz 8010Austria

Methods from supervised machine learning allow the classification of new data automatically and are tremendously helpful for data *** quality of supervised maching learning depends not only on the type of algorithm used,but also on the quality of the labelled dataset used to train the *** instances in a training dataset is often done manually relying on selections and annotations by expert analysts,and is often a tedious and time-consuming *** learning algorithms can automatically determine a subset of data instances for which labels would provide useful input to the learning *** visual labelling techniques are a promising alternative,providing effective visual overviews from which an analyst can simultaneously explore data records and select items to a *** putting the analyst in the loop,higher accuracy can be achieved in the resulting *** initial results of interactive visual labelling techniques are promising in the sense that user labelling can improve supervised learning,many aspects of these techniques are still largely *** paper presents a study conducted using the mVis tool to compare three interactive visualisations,similarity map,scatterplot matrix(SPLOM),and parallel coordinates,with each other and with active learning for the purpose of labelling a multivariate *** results show that all three interactive visual labelling techniques surpass active learning algorithms in terms of classifier accuracy,and that users subjectively prefer the similarity map over SPLOM and parallel coordinates for *** also employ different labelling strategies depending on the visualisation used.

关键词： Interactive visual labelling Active learning Visual analytics

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十九世纪英国科学普及的媒介间性（英文）

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自然辩证法通讯 2025年第1期47卷 53-67页

作者：伯纳德·莱特曼约克大学人文学系

十九世纪英国科学的公共文化，尤其从世纪中叶开始，是由一种丰富的媒介纠缠组成的。十九世纪重要的科学传播者在他们的实践活动中都是“跨媒体”的。本文将论证现代的媒介间性植根于十九世纪，科学普及从当时的书籍、杂志、讲座、博物... 详细信息

十九世纪英国科学的公共文化，尤其从世纪中叶开始，是由一种丰富的媒介纠缠组成的。十九世纪重要的科学传播者在他们的实践活动中都是“跨媒体”的。本文将论证现代的媒介间性植根于十九世纪，科学普及从当时的书籍、杂志、讲座、博物馆和展览中开始兴起。虽然科学普及在许多不同的场所进行，它们共有三个明确的特征：它们拥抱混杂性；它们宣称有教育意义；它们致力于娱乐观众。随后本文将着重讨论约翰·乔治·伍德、约翰·亨利·佩珀、弗朗西斯·巴克兰、理查德·安东尼·普罗克特和乔治·亨利·巴霍夫纳如何以类似的方式向公众传播科学，采用跨媒体的风格进行实践，横跨多种不同的媒介，虽然他们自己并没有认识到这种形式。

关键词：媒介间性科学普及十九世纪英国科学混杂性教育娱乐

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A-posteriori error estimation for second order mechanical systems

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2012年第3期28卷 854-862页

作者： Thomas Ruiner jrg Fehr bernard Haasdonk Peter Eberhard Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 970569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Applied Analysis and Numerical Simulation University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5770569 StuttgartGermany

One important issue for the simulation of flexible multibody systems is the reduction of the flexible bodies de- grees of freedom. As far as safety questions are concerned knowledge about the error introduced by the reduction of the flexible degrees of freedom is helpful and very important. In this work, an a-posteriori error estimator for linear first order systems is extended for error estimation of me- chanical second order systems. Due to the special second order structure of mechanical systems, an improvement of the a-posteriori error estimator is achieved. A major advan- tage of the a-posteriori error estimator is that the estimator is independent of the used reduction technique. Therefore, it can be used for moment-matching based, Gramian matrices based or modal based model reduction techniques. The capability of the proposed technique is demon- strated by the a-posteriori error estimation of a mechanical system, and a sensitivity analysis of the parameters involved in the error estimation process is conducted.

关键词： A-posteriori error estimator. Flexible multibodysystems Model reduction

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The influence of pressure waves in tidal gravity records

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第1期14卷 15-25页

作者： bernard Ducarme Catholic University of Louvain Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research(ELI)Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium

For the reduction of atmospheric effects,observed gravity has initially been corrected by using the computed barometric admittance k of the in situ measured pressure,expressed in nms-2/hPa units and estimated by least squares ***,the local pressure changes alone cannot account for the atmospheric mass attraction and loading when the coherent pressure field exceeds a specific size,i.e.,with increasing *** overcome this difficulty,it is necessary to compute the total atmospheric effect at each station using the global pressure ***,the direct subtraction of the total gravity effect,provided by the models of pressure correction,is not yet satisfactory for S2 and other tidal components,such as K2 and P1,which include solar heating pressure *** paper identifies the origin of the problem and presents strategies to obtain a satisfactory ***,we set up a difference vector between the tidal factors of M2 and S2 after correction of the pressure and ocean tides *** vector,hereafter denoted as RES,presents the advantage of being practically insensitive to calibration *** minimum discrepancy between the tidal parameters of M2 and S2 corresponds to the minimum of the RES vector norm *** we adopt the hybrid pressure correction method,separating the local and the global pressure contribution of the models and replacing the local contribution by the pressure measured at the station multiplied by an admittance *** tested this procedure on 8 stations from the IGETS superconducting gravimeters network(former GGP network).For stations at an altitude lower than 1000 m,the value of dopt is always smaller *** discrepancy between the tidal parameters of the M2 and S2 waves is always lower than0.05% on the amplitude factors and 0.025° on the *** these stations,a correlation exists between the altitude and the value *** results at the three Central European stations Conrad,Pecny and Vienna are

关键词： Atmospheric pressure waves Atmospheric pressure correction in tidal records Atmospheric pressure models ERA5 and MERRA-2

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Multitarget stool DNA for colorectal cancer screening:A review and commentary on the United States Preventive Services Draft Guidelines

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第5期8卷 450-458页

作者： Barry M Berger bernard Levin Robert j Hilsden Medical Affairs Exact Sciences Corporation Scientific Advisory Board Exact Sciences Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary

Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage *** evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is *** clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing *** a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual *** paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using USPSTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.

关键词： Colorectal cancer screening Multitarget stool DNA Stool DNA The United States Preventive Services Task Force Cancer Intervention Surveillance Modeling Network Fecal immunological technique Modeling Interval

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A Fresh Look at the Structures of Nylons and the Brill Transition

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2021年第4期3卷 203-209页

作者： bernard Lotz Institut Charles Sadron CNRS and Universitéde Strasbourg23Rue du Loess67034 StrasbourgFrance

The common knowledge of the crystal structures of nylons dates back to the early 1950s with the work of Bunn and *** describes the packing of sheets made of hydrogen-bonded stems in an extended chain *** alpha phase structures have a specific powder X-ray diffraction pattern with reflections at 4.4Åand 3.7Å.On heating,reflections trans-form progressively and merge at≈4.2Åat the so-called“Brill transition”.Other diffraction patterns have been recorded for different types of nylons and thermal *** patterns were interpreted only as indicating the existence of“variants”of the alpha ***,neither their structure,nor the origin of the Brill transition were *** structural analyses and molecular modeling approaches have provided new insights in these long-standing structural ***“variants”feature chain conformations that are“pleated”.The Brill transition does not involve the standard extended chains of the alpha phase but corresponds to a dynamic interconversion(≈10^(10)/s)between mirror conformations of these pleated stems.

关键词： Nylons Crystal structures Phase transitions Brill transition

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After Sendai:Is Africa Bouncing Back or Bouncing Forward from Disasters?

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2016年第1期7卷 41-53页

作者： bernard Manyena International Disaster Management Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute University of Manchester

The 187 countries that adopted the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 at the March 2015 UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction included most African countries. Many developing regions of the world, particularly in Asia and Latin America, made considerable progress in implementing the previous Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015. But,despite the fact that Africa is one of the regions most vulnerable and least resilient to disasters, which continue to be exacerbated by poverty, climate change, rapid urbanization, and structural transformation, it saw only slow progress. This article considers the challenges Africa faces in implementing the Sendai Framework and recommends that besides ‘‘Africanizing'' Sendai goals and strengthening the region's political commitment to disaster risk reduction(DRR), Africa should also develop a single framework that integrates DRR, sustainable development, climate change adaptation, and conflict prevention. Equally important is the need for a strong recognition that disasters are created endogenously as well as exogenously, and thus require local solutions and local investment.

关键词： Sub-Saharan Africa Climate change adaptation Disaster risk reduction Resilience Sendai framework Sustainable development

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The apical plasma membrane of chitin-synthesizing epithelia

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Insect Science 2013年第2期20卷 139-146页

作者： bernard Moussian Animal Genetics Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology University of Tubingen 72076 TEtbingen Germany

Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide on earth. It is produced at the apical side of epidermal, tracheal, fore-, and hindgut epithelial cells in insects as a central component of the protective and supporting extracellular cuticle. Chitin is also an important constituent of the midgut peritrophic matrix that encases the food supporting its digestion and protects the epithelium against invasion by possibly ingested pathogens. The enzyme producing chitin is a glycosyltransferase that resides in the apical plasma membrane forming a pore to extrude the chains of chitin into the extracellular space. The apical plasma membrane is not only a platform for chitin synthases but, probably through its shape and equipment with distinct factors, also plays an important role in orienting and organizing chitin fibers. Here, I review findings on the cellular and molecular constitution of the apical plasma membrane of chitin-producing epithelia mainly focusing on work done in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

关键词： apical undulae cuticle extracellular matrix epidermis microvilli

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Synopsis of Leymus Hochst.(Triticeae:Poaceae)

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journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第1期47卷 67-86页

作者： bernard R.BAUM Eastern Cereals and Oilseeds Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCentral Experimental Farm

Leymus is a genus in the Triticeae tribe, Poaceae. The taxa of this genus are allopolyploid species which possess the Ns and Xm genomes. According to cytological, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses, some species of Hystrix and Elymus ought to be transferred to this genus. A world revision of the genus Leymus is needed. In this paper we summarize experimental results, provide a key to sections, species and varieties, and list all the taxa we recognize in Leymus with their synonyms. This synopsis is a new taxonomic system to be used for the revision of Leymus.

关键词： genome Leymus new taxonomic system section species varieties

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