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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： john L mcdonald judy B james School of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupuncture Now Australia Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) practitioners in Australia became nationally-registered allied health professionals in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herbal medicine practitioner, and Chinese herbal medicine dispenser. Australia was the first Western country to introduce national registration for Chinese medicine, followed by Portugal and, recently, New Zealand. The practice of TCM in Australia can be traced back to the beginning of Chinese immigration to Australia during the Victorian Gold Rush which began in the 1850s. The process which led to national registration commenced in the early 1970s with the establishment of the first acupuncture courses. Decades of gradual development of courses from unaccredited part-time diplomas to accredited bachelor degrees, and the development, by the profession, of national consensus on educational standards were essential elements in the process which led to registration. Professional associations, such as the Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association Ltd.(AACMA), also developed a framework of professional selfregulation, including Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional development requirements and Infection Control Guidelines, and provided leadership in the development of the profession. After decades of tribalism and division within the TCM profession, the National Academic Standards Committee brought almost all stakeholders together to reach a consensus on the Australian Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Education which were published by AACMA in 2001. Professional associations also collaborated on joint submissions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and subsequently became national in 2012. Despite national registration, some barriers still remain, and professional associations continue to lobby the federal government for inclusion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans

关键词： Acupuncture Chinese medicine Registration Regulation Education Standards Australia TCM

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速度变化对炮检距所致振幅变化的影响与解释

国外地质勘探技术 1994年第3期 6-10页

作者： G.H.F.Gardner j.a.mcdonald 罗芳

引言在把炮检距振幅变化(AVO)数据转换成入射角振幅变化(AVA)数据时,必须预设一些地表与目标层之间的速度函数,有时将这些速度函数设为常数;然后计算并从AVO数据中去除基于恒速层的几何传播因子和表面效应,以产生AVA数据;再根据弹性参... 详细信息

引言在把炮检距振幅变化(AVO)数据转换成入射角振幅变化(AVA)数据时,必须预设一些地表与目标层之间的速度函数,有时将这些速度函数设为常数;然后计算并从AVO数据中去除基于恒速层的几何传播因子和表面效应,以产生AVA数据;再根据弹性参数一速度、密度和泊松比,对这些数据进行定性、定量解释.在地质解释中,大振幅梯度与射角被当作气藏指数处理(Ostrander,1984)。

关键词：天然气勘探速度变化炮检距振幅

Investigation of HCAR2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukocytes

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1567-1577页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby C.Krogstad Paiton O.mcdonald Laxman Pokhrel Duy H.Hua Evan C.Titgemeyer Barry j.Bradford Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology East LansingMI 48824USA Department of Chemistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Dairy cows experiencing ketosis after calving suffer greater disease incidence and are at greater risk of leaving the herd. In vitro administration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA;the primary blood ketone) has inhibitory effects on the function of bovine leukocytes. BHBA is a ligand of HCAR2 and the activation of these receptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response which may be related with immunosuppression observed in transition dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to identify and test antagonists for HCAR2 in bovine immune cells cultured with *** We observed expression of HCAR2 at the protein level within lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. The proportion of cells expressing HCAR2 tended to be greater in mid-lactation compared to early lactation cows;the increase was a result of increased proportion of T and B cells expressing HCAR2. Stimulation of HCAR2 with niacin or BHBA promoted Ca^(2+) mobilization in neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells treated with BHBA had diminished intracellular Ca^(2+) responses when HCAR2 was knocked down by si RNA silencing, indicating Ca^(2+) mobilization was mediated by HCAR2 signaling. Two candidate antagonists for HCAR2, synthesized from niacin(NA-1 and NA-5), were tested;monocytes and neutrophils pre-treated with NA-1 and NA-5 had reduced Ca^(2+) mobilization after incubation with BHBA. Furthermore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented BHBA-associated reductions in cyclic *** We demonstrated that HCAR2 is present on bovine leukocytes and has greater expression later in lactation. We confirmed that BHBA and niacin derived HCAR2 antagonists alter bovine leukocyte activity. Our results demonstrate that both BHBA and niacin affect bovine leukocyte Ca^(2+) mobilization in a HCAR2-dependent manner.

关键词： Flow cytometry GPR109A HM74A Ketosis

速度变化对AVO效应及AVO解释结果的影响

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天然气勘探与开发 1995年第3期19卷 24-28页

作者： TuXu G.H.F.Gardner j.a.mcdonald 蒋录全杭文艳四川石油管理局地质调查处

近年来,人们越来越感兴趣的是把反射信号的振幅变化作为一个炮检距的函数(AVO)来进行解释。然而,在对目的层反射系数变化进行解释时,考虑振幅随入射角的变化关系(AVA)更有意义。关键的是把AVO转换成AVA。盖层的速度变化对振幅随炮检距... 详细信息

近年来,人们越来越感兴趣的是把反射信号的振幅变化作为一个炮检距的函数(AVO)来进行解释。然而,在对目的层反射系数变化进行解释时,考虑振幅随入射角的变化关系(AVA)更有意义。关键的是把AVO转换成AVA。盖层的速度变化对振幅随炮检距变化(AVO)的影响以及对最终由AVO资料反演成的速度、密度和泊松北的影响不可忽略。本文给出了地下介质的垂向速度的梯度在—0.2 S^(-1)到0.8 S^(-1)的范围内变化时的AVO响应实例。在AVO—AVA转换中,当介质为均匀介质时,这个速度变化会使AVA梯度和垂直入射的反射系数产生较大的误差(约10％)。并且,在由AVA资料反演成速度、泊松比和密度等弹性参数的过程中,这些误差会产生类似大小的误差。误差的大小与速度梯度、炮检距、界面上下介质的弹性参数差异以及界面深度等因素密切相关。

关键词：速度梯度振幅炮检距反演反射系数

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强速度反差介质中的基尔霍夫衍射成像

世界地震译丛 2002年第4期33卷 53-62页

作者：赵平 N.F.Uren F.Wenzel P.j.Hatherly j.a.mcdonald 潘纪顺中国地震局地球物理勘探中心

在不均匀介质中进行走时计算,有限差分方法优于射线追踪方法。然而,当将这些方法应用到基尔霍夫偏移,在出现强速度反差时就会产生严重问题。如果采用有限差分走时方法计算初至,由于大量的地下信息通常由直达体波所携带,那么,就会产生不... 详细信息

在不均匀介质中进行走时计算,有限差分方法优于射线追踪方法。然而,当将这些方法应用到基尔霍夫偏移,在出现强速度反差时就会产生严重问题。如果采用有限差分走时方法计算初至,由于大量的地下信息通常由直达体波所携带,那么,就会产生不完整的图象。我们提出一个计算续至走时的新方法,解决了上述问题,并将初至和续至走时都应用到基尔霍夫衍射成像算法中。反差显示,在基尔霍夫偏移中兼用初至和续至波能够明显改善强速度反差介质的成像。

关键词：强速度反差介质基尔霍夫衍射成像走时有限差分法射线追踪方法波动方程偏移

A Bayesian Mixture Model Approach to Disparity Testing

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第3期15卷 214-234页

作者： Gary C. mcdonald Department of Mathematics and Statistics Oakland University Rochester USA

The topic of this article is one-sided hypothesis testing for disparity, i.e., the mean of one group is larger than that of another when there is uncertainty as to which group a datum is drawn. For each datum, the uncertainty is captured with a given discrete probability distribution over the groups. Such situations arise, for example, in the use of Bayesian imputation methods to assess race and ethnicity disparities with certain insurance, health, and financial data. A widely used method to implement this assessment is the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) method which assigns a discrete probability over six race/ethnicity groups to an individual given the individual’s surname and address location. Using a Bayesian framework and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the group means, the probability of a disparity hypothesis is estimated. Four methods are developed and compared with an illustrative data set. Three of these methods are implemented in an R-code and one method in WinBUGS. These methods are programed for any number of groups between two and six inclusive. All the codes are provided in the appendices.

关键词： Bayesian Improved Surname and Geocoding (BISG) Mixture Likelihood Function Posterior Distribution Metropolis-Hastings Algorithms Random Walk Chain Independence Chain Gibbs Sampling WinBUGS

Comparison of Block Design Nonparametric Subset Selection Rules Based on Alternative Scoring Rules

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第5期15卷 355-389页

作者： Gary C. mcdonald Sajidah Alsaeed Department of Mathematics and Statistics Oakland University Rochester MI USA

This article compares the size of selected subsets using nonparametric subset selection rules with two different scoring rules for the observations. The scoring rules are based on the expected values of order statistics of the uniform distribution (yielding rank values) and of the normal distribution (yielding normal score values). The comparison is made using state motor vehicle traffic fatality rates, published in a 2016 article, with fifty-one states (including DC as a state) and over a nineteen-year period (1994 through 2012). The earlier study considered four block design selection rules—two for choosing a subset to contain the “best” population (i.e., state with lowest mean fatality rate) and two for the “worst” population (i.e., highest mean rate) with a probability of correct selection chosen to be 0.90. Two selection rules based on normal scores resulted in selected subset sizes substantially smaller than corresponding rules based on ranks (7 vs. 16 and 3 vs. 12). For two other selection rules, the subsets chosen were very close in size (within one). A comparison is also made using state homicide rates, published in a 2022 article, with fifty states and covering eight years. The results are qualitatively the same as those obtained with the motor vehicle traffic fatality rates.

关键词： Order Statistics Rank Scoring Methods Probability of a Correct Selection Subset Size Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatality Rates Homicide Rates Asymptotic Distributions