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VISUAL DISABILITIES RELATED TO INTRAOCULAR LENS DESIGN

Eye Science 1990年第Z1期15卷 36-39页

作者： Gerri Goodman Walter J.Stark John D.Gottsch Daniel Goodman Steven Olkowski A.E.Maumenee ivan escape Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medccine Baltimore Maryland U. S. A.

Intraoeular. lens implantation after cataract extraction has become a common practice in the United States. However, unwanted optical images can correet an otherwise successful surgery into one that causes patient dissatisfaction. Refinements in manufacturing design and finishing have greatly improved the quality of present day intraocular lenses, but there is continued interest in simulating the optics of the human crystalline *** will discuss the optical requirements of intraocular lenses and how these are influenced by optic design and dimension, and spectral transmission characteristics.

关键词： intraocular cataract otherwise implantation crystalline optic VISUAL continued finishing aberration

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Integrated view of plant metabolic defense with particular focus on chewing herbivores

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第2期64卷 449-475页

作者： David Wari Takako Aboshi Tomonori Shinya ivan Galis Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama UniversityKurashiki710-0046 Japan Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata UniversityWakaba-machiTsuruoka997-8555 Japan

Success of plants largely depends on their ability to defend against *** emergence of the first voracious consumers,plants maintained adapting their structures and chemistry to escape from *** constant pressure was further accelerated by adaptation of herbivores to plant defenses,which all together sparked the rise of a chemical empire comprised of thousands of specialized metabolites currently found in *** diversity in the plant kingdom is truly amazing,and although many plant metabolites have already been identified,a large number of potentially useful chemicals remain unexplored in plant ***,biosynthetic routes for plant metabolites involve many enzymes,some of which still wait for identification and biochemical ***,regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression and enzyme activities in specialized metabolism of plants are scarcely ***,understanding of how plant defense chemicals exert their toxicity and/or repellency against herbivores remains limited to typical examples,such as proteinase inhibitors,cyanogenic compounds and *** this review,we attempt summarizing the current status quo in metabolic defense of plants that is predominantly based on the survey of ubiquitous examples of plant interactions with chewing herbivores.

关键词： defense herbivore mode of action plant specialized metabolism

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Biomarkers of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer:myth or reality?

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 276-286页

作者： ivan Pourmir Benoit Gazeau Hortense de Saint Basile Elizabeth Fabre Department of Thoracic oncology Hôpital européen Georges PompidouParis 75015France. INSERM U970 UniversitéParis Descartes Sorbonne Paris-CitéParis 75015France.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a major therapeutic advance in non-small-cell lung cancer with several approved anti-programmed death-1 and anti-programmed death-L1 immunotherapies.A majority of patients however,will not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and display primary resistance while a subset of initially responsive patients will present secondary ***,there is a crucial need for biomarkers to enable better prediction and diagnosis,and to overcome such *** with improvement in the understanding of immune escape,new biomarkers are being developed,including large scale proteomic,genomic and transcriptomic approaches in tumor and blood *** review the novel biomarkers that have been investigated in non-small-cell lung cancer and discuss how they can rationalize therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Non-small-cell lung cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors resistance predictive biomarkers diagnostic biomarkers programmed death ligand-1 tumor mutational burden circulating tumor DNA

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