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Dry powder platform for pulmonary drug delivery

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Particuology 2008年第4期6卷 225-238页

作者： Derek ivan Daniher Jesse Zhu Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

The phenomenon of particle interaction involved in pulmonary drug delivery belongs to a wide variety of disciplines of particle technology, in particular, fluidization. This paper reviews the basic concepts of pulmonary drug delivery with references to fluidization research, in particular, studies on Geldart group C powders. Dry powder inhaler device-formulation combination has been shown to be an effective method for delivering drugs to the lung for treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Even with advanced designs, however, delivery efficiency is still poor mainly due to powder dispersion problems which cause poor lung deposition and high dose variability. Drug particles used in current inhalers must be 1–5 μm in diameter for effective deposition in small-diameter airways and alveoli. These powders are very cohesive, have poor flowability, and are difficult to disperse into aerosol due to cohesion arising from van der Waals attraction. These problems are well known in fluidization research, much of which is highly relevant to pulmonary drug delivery.

关键词： Dry powder inhaler Interparticle forces Aerosol Pulmonary drug delivery Carrier particle Fluidization

Automated tree detection and crown delineation using airborne laser scanner data in heterogeneous East-Central Europe forest with different species mix

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Journal of Forestry research 2017年第5期28卷 1049-1059页

作者： róbert Smreek ivan Sakov Zuzana Michnová Ján Tuek Department of Forest Management and Geodesy Technical University in Zvolen Department of Forest Policy Economics and Forest ManagementNational Forest Centre-Forest Research Institute Zvolen

Identifying tree locations is a basic step in the derivation of other tree parameters using remote sensing techniques, particularly when using airborne laser scanning. There are several techniques for identifying tree positions. In this paper, we present a raster-based method for determining tree position and delineating crown coverage. We collected data from nine research plots that supported different mixes of species. We applied a raster-based method to raster layers with six different spatial resolutions and used terrestrial measurement data as reference data. Tree identification at a spatial resolution of 1.5 m was demonstrated to be the most accurate, with an average identification ratio (Ir) of 95% and average detection ratio of 68% being observed. At a higher spatial resolution of 0.5 m, Ir was overestimated by more than 600%. At a lower spatial resolution of 3 m, Ir was underestimated at less than 44% of terrestrial measurements. The inventory process was timed to enable evaluation of the time efficiency of automatic methods.

关键词： Airborne laser scanning East-Central Europe Individual tree Mixed forest Tree crown delineation

Effects of SArS-CoV-2 infection on incidence and treatment strategies of hepatocellular carcinoma in people with chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 211-228页

作者： Lung-Yi Mak Matthew Shing Hin Chung Xue Li Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai Eric Yuk Fai Wan Celine Sze Ling Chui Franco Wing Tak Cheng Esther Wai Yin Chan Ching Lung Cheung ivan Chi Ho Au Xi Xiong Wai-Kay Seto Man-Fung Yuen Carlos King Ho Wong Ian Chi Kei Wong Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Liver research The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health(D24H) Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongChina Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Nursing The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina research Department of Practice and Policy University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom Aston School of Pharmacy Aston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUnited Kingdom

BACKGrOUND Chronic liver disease(CLD)was associated with adverse clinical outcomes among people with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SArS-CoV-2)*** To determine the effects of SArS-CoV-2 infection on the incidence and treatment strategy of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)among patients with *** A retrospective,territory-wide cohort of CLD patients was identified from an electronic health database in Hong *** with confirmed SArS-CoV-2 infection[coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)+CLD]between January 1,2020 and October 25,2022 were identified and matched 1:1 by propensity-score with those without(COVID-19-CLD).Each patient was followed up until death,outcome event,or November 15,*** outcome was incidence of *** outcomes included all-cause mortality,adverse hepatic outcomes,and different treatment strategies to HCC(curative,non-curative treatment,and palliative care).Analyses were further stratified by acute(within 20 d)and post-acute(21 d or beyond)phases of SArS-CoV-2 *** rate ratios(Irrs)were estimated by Poisson regression *** Of 193589 CLD patients(>95%non-cirrhotic)in the cohort,55163 patients with COVID-19+CLD and 55163 patients with COVID-19-CLD were included after 1:1 propensity-score *** 249-d median follow-up,COVID-19+CLD was not associated with increased risk of incident HCC(Irr:1.19,95%CI:0.99-1.42,P=0.06),but higher risks of receiving palliative care for HCC(Irr:1.60,95%CI:1.46-1.75,Pred to *** both acute and post-acute phases of infection,COVID-19+CLD were associated with increased risks of allcause mortality(acute:Irr:7.06,95%CI:5.78-8.63,Prr:1.24,95%CI:1.14-1.36,Prse hepatic outcomes(acute:Irr:1.98,95%CI:1.79-2.18,Prr:1.24,95%CI:1.13-1.35,Pred to *** Although CLD patients with SArS-CoV-2 infection were not associated with increased risk of HCC,they

关键词： SArS-CoV-2 infection Chronic liver disease Long COVID Post-COVID-19 syndrome Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma

Influence of tributaries on downstream bed sediment grain sizes under flysch conditions

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第4期18卷 847-862页

作者： SMAZAK ivan GALLA Tomas Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaChittussiho 1071000 OstravaCzech Republic

Tributaries are one of the most important factors contributing to variability in the downstream evolution of bed sediment grain *** primary aim of this work is to evaluate the response of the bed sediment texture in the recipient channel induced by ten tributaries of the?ernáOstravice stream and find reach-scale and catchment-scale parameters that would be able to predict this *** research was based on collecting information on the grain size distributions at sites adjacent to confluence zones.A significant change in sediment texture occurred in the vicinity of five *** the other factors contributing to grain size variability(e.g.,local channel geometry,lithology,and lateral sediment sources),it was assumed that only four of them were associated with a sufficient bedload influx to alter the sediment calibre below the ***,a significant morphological effect in the form of a large confluence bar was observed in one *** tributaries had several common features:(i)they had a larger relative catchment area than that of nonsignificant tributaries;(ii)they were characterized by different bed grain sizes,with some exceptions;and(iii)they had a higher unit stream power close to the confluence in relation to that of the *** characteristics were represented by the proposed relative parameters,including the relative unit stream power and bed material texture,which allowed the best classification of significant and nonsignificant *** their simplified form,the parameters described the transport capacity and grain size distribution,which were generally considered to be primary factors responsible for a redefinition of the sediment texture in the recipient ***,it should be noted that these results are subject to some degree of uncertainty due to the relatively small sample size of only 10 tributaries.

关键词： Tributary Bed sediments Headwater streams Flysch Carpathians

Coupled thermo-mechanical constitutive damage model for sandstone

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Journal of rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第6期14卷 1710-1721页

作者： Savani Vidana Pathiranagei ivan Gratchev School of Engineering and Built Environment Gold Coast CampusGriffith UniversitySouthportQLD 4222Australia

Underground rock dynamic disasters are becoming more severe due to the increasing depth of human operations *** temperature and pressure conditions contribute significantly to these ***,it is important to understand the coupled thermo-mechanical(TM)behaviour of rocks for the long-term safety and maintenance of underground tunnelling and ***,investigation of the damage,strength and failure characteristics of rocks under triaxial stress conditions is important to avoid underground rock *** this study,based on Weibull distribution and Lemaitre's strain equivalent principle,a statistical coupled TM constitutive model for sandstone was established under high temperature and pressure *** triaxial test results of sandstone under different temperature and pressure conditions were used to validate the *** proposed model was in good agreement with the experimental results up to 600℃.The total TM damage was decreased with increasing temperature,while it was increased with increasing confining *** model's parameters can be calculated using conventional laboratory test results.

关键词： High temperature Confining pressure Thermo-mechanical(TM)damage Thermal damage Mechanical damage

1D alignment of proteins and other nanoparticles by using reversible covalent bonds on cyclic peptide nanotubes

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第5期9卷 1226-1233页

作者： Juan M.Priegue Iria Louzao ivan Gallego Javier Montenegro Juan r.Granja Singular research Centre in Chemical Biology and Molecular Materials (CIQUS)Organic Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Santiago de Compostela(USC)15782 Santiago de CompostelaSpain

Self-assembling cyclic peptide nanotubes are supramolecular structures whose diameter and external surface properties are precisely *** this communication we describe a general strategy to align different molecules on... 详细信息

关键词： nanoparticles alignment surface

Second-order phase correction of NMr spectra acquired using linear frequency-sweeps

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Magnetic resonance Letters 2022年第1期2卷 1-8,I0002页

作者： Zhehong Gan ivan Hung National High Magnetic Field Laboratory 1800 East Paul Dirac DriveTallahasseeFL32310USA

NMr spectra acquired with experiments using frequency-sweeps such as the wide-band uniform-rate smooth truncation(WUrST)spin-echo and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill(CPMG)sequences cannot be absorptively phased by using only conventional zerothand first-order phase *** of phase correction up to the secondorder is described for obtaining absorptive spectra,which have more desirable line shapes and noise properties than magnitude *** relationship of the second-order phase to the parameters of frequency sweeps is *** second-order phasing in the frequency-domain is equivalent to a point spread in the time-domain *** application of second-order phase correction is demonstrated with a wideline 35Cl CPMG spikelet spectrum.

关键词： Second-order phase Noise Line shape Absorptive Dispersive Frequency sweep CHIrP WUrST Adiabatic Broadband CPMG Spin-echo Wideline ^(35)Cl

Comparing techniques for measuring corticosterone in tadpoles

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 835-845页

作者： Pablo BUrrACO rosa ArrIBAS Saurabh S. KULKArNI Daniel r. BUCHHOLZ ivan GOMEZ-MESTrE Department of Wetland Ecology Estacion Biologica de Dofiana (EBD-CSIC) C/Americo Vespucio s/n 41092 Sevilla Spain Department of Pediatrics Yale School of Medicine Yale University New Haven CT 0651 USA Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

Glucocorticoids play a key role in mediating stress responses in vertebrates. Corticosterone （COrT） is the main glucocorticoid produced in amphibians, birds, and reptiles, and regulates several metabolic functions. The most common methods for quantifying COrT are competitive binding immunoassays： radioimmunoassay （rIA） and enzyme immunoassay （EIA）. rIA has been broadly used since the 1980＇s but it requires radioactivity. Commercial EIA kits permit quantifying hormone levels without radioactivity although the requirement for a larger sample volume may be a strong limitation for measurements involving larval amphibians. Here we used Xenopus laevis tadpoles to compare the performance of three commonly used procedures for determination of COrT： rIA on a chloroform extract of whole-body homogenate, EIA on plasma, and EIA on supematant of whole-body homogenate. We treated tadpoles with exogenous COrT at 0, 25, 50, and 100 nM. rIA could distinguish between 0 and 25 nM, and EIA on plasma between 0 and 50 nM, whereas whole-body homogenate EIA only detected significant differences between 0 and 100 riM. Each procedure presents advantages and disadvantages regarding sensitivity, the use of radioactivity, sample size, handling time, and economic cost. rIA is preferred when studying small-bodied animals from which blood samples cannot be obtained. When COrT level differences are intermediate and blood sampling is possible, EIA on plasma is a good non-radioactive alternative. EIA on whole-body homogenates may be useful to assess qualitative changes in COrT levels when considerable differences are expected. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of previous studies on COrT in amphibians [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 835-845, 2015].

关键词： Corticosterone radioimmunoassay Enzyme immunoassay Glucocorticoids Amphibians Stress

Analysis of recent Antarctic plate kinematics based on GNSS data

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第2期14卷 99-110页

作者： Ihor Savchyn ivan Brusak Korneliy Tretyak Lviv Polytechnic National University Institute of GeodesyUkraine

The research aims to study recent Antarctic plate kinematics based on Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)*** research covers 60 continuous GNSS stations located on the Antarctic plate during *** determine the components of horizontal displacement vectors of these GNSS stations and construct the schematic map of their *** results indicate that the direction of velocity vectors of horizontal displacements has a rotational nature in clockwise *** analysis of deformation processes shows that a gradual decrease in the horizontal strain rates,maximum shear strain and area strain is taking place from west to east,in the direction of West Antarctica-the Transantarctic Mountains-East *** absolute rotation pole of the Antarctic plate in the ITrF2014/IGS14 reference frame has been determined,and the obtained values are in good agreement with recent plate models.

关键词： Continuous GNSS station Horizontal velocity Strain rates rotation pole The Antarctic plate