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How Do People Understand Urban Air Pollution? Exploring Citizens’ Perception on Air Quality, Its Causes and Impacts in Colombian Cities

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2017年第1期6卷 1-17页

作者： Omar Ramírez ivan mura Juan Felipe Franco Environmental Engineering Program Group of Applied Environmental Studies—GEAA Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia—UNAD Bogotá Colombia Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva “Atmospheric Pollution” Centre of Research in Sustainable Chemistry—CIQSO Campus de El Carmen s/n Huelva Spain COPA Research Group Department of Industrial Engineering Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia Group of Studies on Urban and Regional Sustainability (SUR) School of Engineering Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia

Similarly to other Latin American countries, urban air quality is a major concern in Colombia. The purpose of the present study was to explore citizens’ perception on local air pollution, its causes and impacts. A questionnaire was individually applied to a sample of 994 participants. Relationships between demographic features and the perception on air quality were analyzed using a logistic regression, its odds ratio (OR), and a Chi-square test. Eighty percent of the respondents perceive their local air quality as either bad or fair, 65% recognize particulate matter as the main local air pollutant, and 90% recognize negative impacts on people’s health as the main consequence of air pollution. In contrast to other studies where age and economic status are variables highly related with public perception on the level of atmospheric pollution, in this study only the size of the cities has a statistically significant relationship with the perception on local air quality regarding the level of pollution(OR ≥ 1, confidence intervals > 1 and p-values < 0.05). While area sources such as mining and infrastructure construction are identified as the main sources of pollutant emissions in small towns (less than 50,000 inhabitants), in big cities, road traffic is identified as the main source contributor to atmospheric pollution. Opposite to data from official reports, and regardless of the size of the city, households are perceived as the place with greatest contribution to personal air pollution exposure. Results show that citizens are aware of the state of air quality and its health impact is a major concern. Such findings suggest people’s opinions can be used as provisional indicators in cities without data, as well as to monitor the results of local air quality management. As a complementary process, or at the same level of importance given to technical-based policy, citizen participation can contribute to a collective construction of urban air pollution control strategies.

关键词： Public Perception Citizen Participation Air Quality Air Pollution Colombia

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Simulation to Predict the Impact of Public Transport Changes on Air Pollutants Emissions

Simulation to Predict the Impact of Public Transport Changes...

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作者： Juan D.ARISTIZABAL Daniela AZUMENDI Juan F.FRANCO ivan mura Universidad de los Andes Duke Kunshan University

Predicting the effects of the introduction of alternative transportation means on air quality is an important task for urban mobility *** study proposes a methodology that uses simulation to estimate the impact of changes in public transport on the traffic emissions of *** using mobility planning information simulation models can be built,which can provide estimation of the dynamics of traffic over ***,coupling simulated traffic with emission factors of vehicles,an emission model can be used to estimate the total amount of PM2.5 *** this approach,the effect of changes in the public transportation system can be assessed with respect to PM2.5 *** the paper,we explore a case study in the city of Bogotá,Colombia,when a bus rapid transport system is to be added alongside a major city avenue.

关键词： Air quality Discrete-event simulation Transportation networks Urban mobility planning

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