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Review of Statistical Water Temperature Models for a Peruvian Andean River

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2022年第5期11卷 155-164页

作者： Efrain Noa-Yarasca Diana Chaca Ayuque Hugo A.Galvan Ccora ivan a.ayala bizarro Ada Arancibia School of Civil&Construction Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Faculty of Civil Engineering National University of HuancavelicaHuancavelica 09001Peru Faculty of Civil Engineering National University of EngineeringLima 15333Peru

The rapid increase in Water Temperature Rivers (WTR) observed globally in recent decades and projections for the coming decades under climate change scenarios make water temperature prediction essential to assess changes in aquatic biota. Statistical models for stream temperature prediction have been widely used because they are computationally simple, involve few parameters, and because of their relatively good accuracy. However, these models have not been evaluated in Peruvian Andean rivers. This work evaluates the main water temperature statistical models from the literature and fits them with data recorded in the Ichu River experimental watershed, Huancavelica-Peru. Three well-known models were reviewed: the Stefan & Preud’homme linear regression model and the Mohseni & Stefan 3- and 4-parameter logistic regression models. Ichu river water temperatures were simulated using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrometeorological model, which defaults to the Stefan & Preud’homme model. Modifications and adjustment of coefficients of the evaluated models were configured in the SWAT code using the “Latin Hypercube Sampling” technique. The evaluated models showed poor performance in predicting the water temperature in the Ichu River with NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency) values ranging from -2.6 to 0.49, while the modified models showed NSE values of 0.72 in all three cases. Findings suggest that the statistical models shown in the literature should be validated for Andean rivers.

关键词： Water temperature modeling Ichu River Peruvian Andes River statistical modeling

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Assessment of the Sensitivity of Soil Parameters in Sediment Production in the Ichu River Experimental Basin

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2023年第1期12卷 1-13页

作者： ivan a.ayala bizarro Yunior AHuaman Paitan Marco Lopez Barrantes Jorge Ortega Vargas Omar Caballero sanchez Abdon Olivera Quintanilla Cesar Jurado Mancha Jessica Zuniga Mendoza Cesar Lifonzo Salcedo Faculty of Civil Engineering National University of HuancavelicaHuancavelica 09001Peru Faculty of Civil Engineering National University of San Cristobal of HuamangaAyacucho 05000Peru

This research aims to determine how much is the sensitivity of soil parameters in the production of sediments through the model distributed at the level of cells in the Ichu River Basin,which is located in the Andes of Peru,with an approximate surface area of 1,380.17 km2,corresponding to the control section and tributary to the Mantaro ***,for the evaluation of sensitivity determine the amount of sediments of the textures:silt,clay and *** achieve the objectives that have been raised in this research has been used the conceptual distributed hydrological model TETIS v9.1,which has been calibrated and validated using the climatic variables that are recorded at the hourly level in six weather stations and a hydrometric station,synthetic precipitation was also used withsatellite stations(CHIRPS)of the Climate Hazards Group that has registered with a grid of 0.05 degrees of resolution,from 1981 to the *** determine the solid component,the TETIS v9.1 model uses the equations developed in the CASCade 2 Dimensional SEDimentation model(CASC2D-SED)that presents conceptual approaches with physical *** sediment processes on slopes this CASC2D-SED model simulates in two dimensions,as well as helps to determine the quantification of sediments at any point in the basin considering all physical *** the other hand,the OpenLandMap data portal has been used for land cover data of the K factor corresponding to the susceptibility of the soil that can suffer losses due to ***,the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)observation system to determine the Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices(NDVI)for the culture factor *** parameter P corresponding to the conservation technique applied,has been developed using remote sensing techniques using the Google Earth Engine(GEE)***,the results obtained from the evaluation of the sensitivity of the parameters are significant,in this way the hypothesis that is raised is approv

关键词： Sediments distributed model CASC2D-SED model

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Optimization of the Design of Structures in Coverage Using the Genetic Algorithm Method

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2019年第5期8卷 193-202页

作者： Marco Lopez Barrantes ivan ayala bizarro Kevin Escobar Curasma Rocky ayala bizarro Pedro Palomino Pastrana Cesar Jurado Mancha Department of Civil Engineering National University of HuancavelicaHuancavelica 09001Peru

In this research work,an optimization of the design of steel structures is developed through Genetic Algorithms(Gas)with the objective of reducing the amount of material and with them the cost,for which the programming of the GAs tool in the Fortran programming language with the SAP2000 Application Programming Interface(API)v.19 using Visual Studio Professional 2015-Intel?Visual Fortran with Parallel Studio *** GAs method consists of randomly searching the Objective Function(OF)of the optimal variables with *** OF defined by the weight of the structure,the variables in relation to the cross sections of the structural elements and the constraints are the design of resistance using the method of Load and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD),restriction of displacements and restriction of the ratio of slenderness considered in the National Building Regulations(RNE),whose GAs search parameters are given by probability of crossing 70%by simple crossing strategy,probability of mutation 20%,elitism of 5%and maximum number of generations according to the *** examined metal structure is a cover with five double-body warren arches with 32 m light connected with 24 joists both with welded connections,that is,*** metal structure was evaluated on demand for loads(dead load,live load,snow load,wind load and earthquake loads).The structural design was carried out with the following profiles:circular,tubular,square,angular and Normal Profile with I-shaped section(IPN)of which the most optimal was the tubular *** outer diameters of the cross section are:diagonal with a diameter of 1 in,lower flange with a diameter of 23/8 in,upper flange with a diameter of 11/2 in,inner belt with a diameter of 1 in and *** with a diameter of 11/2 in.

关键词： GA structure optimization resistance design with artificial intelligence design by resistance bending buckling

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Prediction of Drought with Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms Using Precipitation by Remote Perception

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2018年第7期7卷 253-265页

作者： Iván ayala bizarro Miguel Zubiaur Alejos Jessica Zuniga Mendoza Department of Civil Engineering National University of HuancavelicaHuancavelica 09001Peru Department of Civil Engineering National University of EngineeringLima 15333Peru AYZU Engineering Company Huancavelica 09001Peru

The aim of the study is to determine the performance of the regional agricultural drought prediction by the model of ANN(Artificial Neural Networks)type NARX,using the SPI(Standardized Precipitation Index),SPEI(Precipitation Index Standardized Evapotranspiration),VCI(Vegetation Condition Index)and GCI(Global Climate Indexes).There have been determined 10 homogeneous regions through RAF(regional frequency analysis)and L-moments,defining the most arid region and the index representing their respective time scale(SPEI 6 months)which responds to the growth and development of vegetation in the basin correlation Pearson equal to *** rainfall and temperatures correspond to PISCO data prepared by SENAMHI-Peru,with space resolution of 0.05 *** prediction,they have determined two groups,the first to build the model with 80% of the registration and validation of the model and the hypothesis with the remaining 20%.The results have been satisfactory prediction accepting the null hypothesis.

关键词： Drought ANN SPI-SPEI-VCI RAF L-Moments

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Geochemical Prospection of the Chapala Ciénega at Michoacán State

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第9期5卷 1007-1011页

作者： José Martínez Reyes ivan Vera Romero Meliton Estrada Jaramillo Agustina Ortiz Soriano Ignacio Moreno Nava Francisco Gabriel Montes ayala Francisco García ávalos Ernesto Mendez Ruiz 1University of the Ciénega of Michoacán State Sahuayo México 2Michoacan Society of History Archaeology and Geography A.C. La Palma de Jesús México Michoacan Society of History Archaeology and Geography A.C. La Palma de Jesús México University of the Ciénega of Michoacán State Sahuayo México

The geochemical prospection as a branch of Applied Geochemistry or “Geochemistry of the Landscape” studies the spatial and temporal location of geochemical anomalies in order to locate geological resources of economic value. The Ciénega de Chapala zone in Michoacán is located east of the Citala rift hosting a geological system that leads to regional hydrothermal activity, mainly the Pajacuaran and Ixtlan failures. The regional geothermics include a superficial hydrothermalism consisting of springs and wells of hot water with temperatures between 48°C and 94°C in Ixtlan de los Hervores and mud volcanoes in the water with temperatures between 48°C and 94°C in Ixtlan de los Hervores and mud volcanoes in the Los Negritos. The waters and gases of these hydrothermal manifestations have physicochemical characteristics that indicate the presence of geothermal fluids. To search for possible presence of minerals of economic value, a study of elemental chemical analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy in samples of rock of the sierra de Pajacuaran, the result of the analysis is clearly abnormal values which may be indicative a geochemical anomaly as well as the possible presence of minerals of economic value in the region. Given the above, the area of the Ciénega de Chapala in Michoacán is a zone where work can be continued both geothermal and mineralogical exploration by conventional techniques or even totally innovative technologies.

关键词： Geochemical Prospection Ciénega Michoacán

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Analysis and Prediction of Risks From Rockfall in the Huancavelica City

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2019年第5期8卷 203-215页

作者： ivan ayala bizarro Victor Paitan Sedano Edman Ventura Sullca Marco Lopez Barrantes Hugo Lujan Jeri Abdon Olivera Quintanilla Jorge Ortega Vargas Carlos Gaspar Paco Department of Civil Engineering National University of HuancavelicaHuancavelica 09001Peru

This research refers to the analysis and prediction of rockfall risk,whose objective is to determine the results of the validation of the model and application of modeling in the Rocfall Software,in this way to prepare the map of risk ***,the general problem was identified:What are the results of the analysis and prediction of risks from rockfall in the city of Huancavelica?To respond to the problem posed,the following steps were carried out:obtaining field information with Drone equipment and using photogrammetric processes the topography of the study area was obtained,identification of unstable areas,trajectories,traces of the previously occurred landslides and five geomechanical *** specific weight of eight rock samples in the laboratory of the National University of Huancavelica was also calculated,which served to obtain the weight of the large-scale rock *** addition,the normal and tangential restitution coefficients were calibrated,that is,field *** the data were obtained,modeling was carried out by applying the Rocfall software,whose results of ten trajectories were:final distance reached,bounce height,kinetic energy and translational *** these values,risk maps have been prepared,taking into account the areas of housing vulnerability in the city of ***,it is proposed to mitigate these risks of rockfall,with dynamic barriers,which is important for the security of housing in the analysis sectors.

关键词： Risk prediction rockfall trajectory simulation

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Flow Routing in the Natural Channel of the Ichu River Experimental Basin through Artificial Neural Networks

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2018年第10期7卷 387-403页

作者： Iván ayala bizarro Joel Oré Iwanaga David Requena Machuca Richard Oré Cayetano Edwin Torres Condori Edwin Montes Raymundo Department of Civil Engineering National University of HuancavelicaHuancavelica 09001Peru

The objective of the investigation is to carry out the flow routing in the natural channel of the experimental basin of the Ichu river, by means of the Artificial Intelligence technique of ANNs (Artificial Neural Networks). Generally, hydrological and hydraulic methods require different parameters of the river channel, while the ANNs method simplifies the amount of data. The study area is located in the experimental basin of the Ichu river, upstream of the city of Huancavelica in an area of 607 km^2. A calibrated and validated model of the rain-runoff process was developed, with data recorded in 6 automatic meteorological stations (rainfall) and one hydrological station (runoff). The model HEC-1 was used to model the rain-runoff process and the Muskingun-Cunge method for the flood rounting, generating historical records for 5 stretches of the Ichu riverbed and obtaining 39 maximum historical records in the 2016 periods and 2017. The model obtained values of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients (E) equal to 0.851 and 0.828 for the calibration and validation stage, respectively. The ANNs were built with different architectures to train and obtain the architecture that best fits the historical phenomena. Finally, the architecture 1-5-1 presented a better fit, whose statistical E was values of 0.881 and 0.859 in the training and validation stage respectively.

关键词： Rain-runoff process flood routing ANNs

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Performance between the Hydraulic Gradient Method and the Perturbation Method for the Analysis of Water Supply Networks

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2020年第6期9卷 217-226页

作者： Iván ayala bizarro Elviz Quispe García Marco Lopez Barrantes Freddy Marrero Saucedo Omar CaballeroSanchez Hugo Lujan Jeri Carlos Gaspar Paco Jorge Ortega Vargas Department of Civil Engineering National University of HuancavelicaHuancavelica 09001Peru

The HGM(Hydraulic Gradient Method),it is used in most of the current commercial software,such as EPANET,WaterCAD,MikeNet,among others,the same that corresponds to an iterative method that depends on initial estimated parameters and programming structures that ensure convergence to obtain results with the highest precision,in addition to this the method makes use of non-linear equation ***,the execution time for large extensions of water distribution networks is considerably *** the other hand,the PM(Perturbation Method),is a new direct solution method,which makes use of principles of quantum mechanics to transform nonlinear equations into simpler linear *** a simple and robust optimization method that only requires simple and direct mathematical *** the MathCad and Python programming languages as a verification tool,multiple tests were carried out,the results for the hydraulic parameters showing that the flow rates and pressures obtained by the HGM and the PM are extremely similar,in the same way the execution time(time run)have been 77.09%favorable to the *** other words,the PM presents efficiency to estimate the hydraulic characteristics such as the pressures at the nodes and the velocities in the pipes of the drinking water distribution networks.

关键词： Perturbation method quantum mechanics hydraulic gradient

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Determination of the Real Dotation and Forecast of the Potable Water System in the Huancavelica City, Peru

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2019年第6期8卷 241-248页

作者： Iván ayala bizarro Ivette Contreras Espinoza Cristel Aguirre Vera Marco López Barrantes Jorge Ortega Vargas Abdon Olivera Quintanilla Hugo Lujan Jeri Eleuterio Alcántara Espinoza Department of Civil Engineering National University of HuancavelicaHuancavelica 09001Peru

The research entitled,“Determination of the Real Dotation and Forecast of the Potable Water System in the Huancavelica city-Peru”,has as objective to determine and analyze the actual endowment and prognosis of the drinking water system in the city of *** city of Huancavelica has a population of approximately 50,000.00 inhabitants and 10,680.00 users of drinking water and sewerage according to the source Companies Providing This Service,the same one that is located in the western chain and central saw range of Perúand belongs to a cold *** sample was extracted through Companies Providing This Service EMAPA Huancavelica SA(Anonymous Society),which corresponds to 1,296 data from the consumption of water in cubic meters of each dwelling located in the various categories of each *** results obtained from the research indicate that the category that consumed more water during the period 2004-2018 was the domestic category,the same one that had an average of 1,152,123 cubic meters,this is due to the population growth of each *** the other side,the category that consumed the least water was the social category,the average consumption of which was 11,903.47 cubic *** addition,the greatest variability in water consumption is in the state category,the total variation being equal to 21.6%.In the Huancavelica city,water consumption has a growing trend and to predict the volume of drinking water consumption by 2030,water consumption was transformed by first differences,using the ARIMA(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average)model for total consumption model(0-1-1)(2-0-0)-12 and for the domestic consumption the ARIMA model(0-1-2)(0-0-2)-*** the other hand,water consumption was analyzed on a monthly basis in which there is greater variability for the months June-6 and *** was taken into account for the calculation of the endowment the domestic consumption,having values ranging from 6.45 L/inhab/day until 1,460 L/inhab/day,which re

关键词： Drinking water real consumption critical demand forecasting drinking water

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Notes,outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota

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Fungal Diversity 2019年第6期99卷 105-367页

作者： Mao-Qiang He Rui-Lin Zhao Kevin D.Hyde Dominik Begerow Martin Kemler Andrey Yurkov Eric H.C.McKenzie Olivier Raspe Makoto Kakishima Santiago Sanchez-Ramırez Else C.Vellinga Roy Halling Viktor Papp ivan V.Zmitrovich Bart Buyck Damien Ertz Nalin N.Wijayawardene Bao-Kai Cui Nathan Schoutteten Xin-Zhan Liu Tai-Hui Li Yi-Jian Yao Xin-Yu Zhu An-Qi Liu Guo-Jie Li Ming-Zhe Zhang Zhi-Lin Ling Bin Cao Vladimir Antonin Teun Boekhout Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva Eske De Crop Cony Decock Balint Dima Arun Kumar Dutta Jack W.Fell Jozsef Geml Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad Admir J.Giachini Tatiana B.Gibertoni Sergio P.Gorjon Danny Haelewaters Shuang-Hui He Brendan P.Hodkinson Egon Horak Tamotsu Hoshino Alfredo Justo Young Woon Lim Nelson Menolli Jr Armin Mesic Jean-Marc Moncalvo Gregory M.Mueller La szlo G.Nagy RHenrik Nilsson Machiel Noordeloos Jorinde Nuytinck Takamichi Orihara Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan Mario Rajchenberg Alexandre G.S.Silva-Filho Marcelo Aloisio Sulzbacher Zdenko Tkalcec Ricardo Valenzuela Annemieke Verbeken Alfredo Vizzini Felipe Wartchow Tie-Zheng Wei Michael WeiB Chang-Lin Zhao Paul M.Kirk State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHuairou DistrictBeijing 100408People’s Republic of China Ruhr-Universitat Bochum AG GeobotanikND03UniversitatsstraBe 15044801 BochumGermany Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures InhoffenstraBe 7B38124 BrunswickGermany Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Research Department Meise Botanic GardenNieuwelaan 381860 MeiseBelgium Service General de l'Enseignement superieur et de la Recherche scientifique Federation Wallonie-BruxellesLavallee 11080 BrusselsBelgium University of Tsukuba TsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto25 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B2Canada Berkeley USA Institute of Systematic Botany The New York Botanical GardenBronxNY 10458-5126USA Department of Botany Szent Istvan University1518 BudapestHungary Komarov Botanical Institute Russian Academy of SciencesProfessor Popov st.2Saint PetersburgRussia 197376 Institut pour Systematique Ecologie Biodiversite(ISYEB UMR 7205) Sorbonne universiteMuseum National d’Histoire Naturelle CP 39CNRSDepartement Origines et Evolution12 Rue Buffon75005 ParisFrance Institute of Microbiology Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Department of Biology Research Group MycologyGhent UniversityK.L.Ledeganckstraat 359000 GhentBelgium State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and ApplicationGuangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou 510070People’s Republic of China Department of Botany Moravian Mu

The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the *** present work provides an overview of all validly published,currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single *** outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided,which includes 1928 currently used genera names,with 1263 synonyms,which are distributed in 241 families,68 orders,18 classes and four *** provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification,number of accepted species,type species,life mode,habitat,distribution,and sequence ***,three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU,SSU,5.8s,rpb1,rpb2,and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina,Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted,*** time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders,168 families and 605 *** study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406-430 Mya,classes are 211-383 Mya,and orders are 99-323 Mya,which are largely consistent with previous *** this study,all phylogenetically supported families were dated,with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27-178 Mya,Pucciniomycotina from 85-222 Mya,and Ustilaginomycotina from 79-177 *** times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system,and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.

关键词： Classification Molecular clock Fungi Systematics Taxonomy

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