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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2019年第5期8卷 233-238页

作者： Pallav Sengupta Sulagna Dutta Maiza Tusimin ivan rolland karkada Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesMAHSA UniversityMalaysia Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of DentistryMAHSA UniversityMalaysia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra MalaysiaMalaysia

Orexins (or hypocretins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides with a multitude of physiological functions. They occur in two known forms, namely, orexin A and orexin B with a common precursor, preproorexin. The orexin receptors (orexin 1R and orexin 2R) belong to the Family of G-protein coupled receptors. The primary function of the orexin system,i.e. the orexins, their receptors and associated neuronal circuitries, perhaps is to increase spontaneous physical activity and food intake, thereby promoting an increase in energy expenditure. Reports suggest that orexins may be the key brain components to mediate the mechanism of obesity resistance. Recent research also has thrown lights upon a significant role of orexins, especially orexin A, in regulation of male reproductive functions owing to their receptor expressions in vital testicular cells, such as Leydig cells, Sertoli cells as well as spermatozoa at different developmental stages, even in the epididymis and penis. Moreover, orexins have been reported to greatly influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and their secretions to regulate reproductive functionsvia modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Evidence thus implicates participation of orexins in steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, transportation and maturation of sperm as well as in the control of penile function. However, further research is required in this direction to elucidate the mechanisms by which orexins play a role in different testicular functions and effect of orexins on semen quality.

关键词： Obesity Orexin Testis Steroidogenesis Spermatogenesis

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Obestatin in male reproduction and infertility

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2019年第5期8卷 239-243页

作者： Tulay Irez ivan rolland karkada Sulagna Dutta Pallav Sengupta Department of Histology and Embryology Biruni UniversityTurkey Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesMAHSA UniversityMalaysia Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of DentistryMAHSA UniversityMalaysia

Obestatin is a 23-amino acid peptide hormone secreted by the stomach and is found in several tissues all over the body, such as the gastric mucosa, spleen, mammary gland, plasma as well as in the testicular Leydig cells. Obestatin seems to operate as part of the integrated gut-brain network acting as an anorectic hormone, reducing food intake and reversing body weight gain. Besides the expressions of obestatin in male reproductive tissues, it is also shown to increase testosterone secretions, thus ameliorating testicular functions. In the present scenario where the increasing prevalence in obesity is considered as one of the major causatives of worldwide declining trend of semen quality, molecules like obestatin playing roles in both metabolic and reproductive functions find importance in management of obesity-induced male infertility or subfertility. The present review article aims to provide updated concepts on obestatin and its mode of actions, and its role in modulation of male reproductive functions.

关键词： Male infertility Obestatin Testosterone Leydig cell

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