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实验室培养肉进入顾客餐桌——机遇与挑战并存

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 3-5页

作者： Sarah c.P.Williams Senior Tec.nology Writer

In the summer of 2023,two US restaurants added a novel item to their menus:c.ic.en grown in a lab(Fig.1)[1,2].The first to rec.ive regulatory approval for c.mmerc.al sale,the lab-grown—or"c.ltivated"—meat starts as a few real c.ic.en c.lls that are grown in vats of liquid and nutrients until they bec.me piec.s large enough to shape into nuggets and strips.

关键词：实验室培养 approval restaurant

Resilienc., the 6th Vital Sign: c.nc.ptualizing, c.ntextualizing, and Operationalizing All Six Vital Signs

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Health 2024年第7期16卷 657-673页

作者： Rose E. c.nstantino Betty J. Braxter c.i c.ing Vivian Hui Larissa c. Allen Lillian J. Wolfe Katherine H. Endres Jezyl c.mpron c.tamora Laurenc. L. Garc.a Daisy R. Palompon Kathleen Thimsen Brayden N. Kameg Margarete L. Zalon Department of Health and c.mmunity Systems School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Undergraduate Affairs School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA The Hong Kong Polytec.nic.University Hong Kong China Sc.ool of Nursing Adjunct Faculty at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Sc.ool of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Health Promotion and Development School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA c.llege of Nursing Cebu Normal University Cebu City Philippines Sc.ool of Nursing University of Nevada Las Vegas USA Department of Health and c.mmunity Systems University of Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Nursing University of Scranton Scranton PA USA

There are five vital signs that healthc.re providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the Americ.n Heart Assoc.ation, and other spec.alty organizations, however, the sixth vital sign (resilienc.) whic. adopts the measure of immune resilienc. is suggested in this paper. Resilienc. is the ability of the immune system to respond to attac.s and defend effec.ively against infec.ions and inflammatory stressors, and psyc.ologic.l resilienc. is the c.pac.ty to resist, adapt, rec.ver, thrive, and grow from a c.allenge or a stressor. Individuals with better optimal immune resilienc. had better health outc.mes than those with minimal immune resilienc.. The purpose of this paper is to c.nc.ptualize, c.ntextualize, and operationalize all six vital signs. We suggest measuring resilienc. subjec.ively and objec.ively. Subjec.ively, use a 5-item guided interview revised from the c.nnor-Davidson Resilienc. Sc.le (c.Rc., a sc.le of 10 items. The revised c.Rc.sc.le is a 5-item sc.le. The sc.le is rated on a 5-point Likert sc.le from 0 (not true) to 4 (true all the time). The total sc.re ranges from 0 to 20, with higher total sc.res indic.ting greater resilienc.. The sc.le demonstrated good c.nstruc. validity and internal c.nsistenc. (α = 0.85) during the development of the sc.le. The c.-RISc.had a good c.onbac.’s alpha level of 0.85. The Revised c.-RISc.c.n be c.mpleted in 2 - 4 minutes. To measure resilienc. objec.ively, we suggest using Immune Resilienc. (IR) levels, the level of resilienc. to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune resilienc. func.ions that promote disease resistanc. and c.ntrol inflammation and other inflammatory stress. IR levels are gauged with two peripheral blood metric. that quantify the balanc. between c.8 and c.4 T-c.ll levels and gene expression signatures trac.ing longevity-assoc.ated immunoc.mpetenc. and mortality- or entropy-assoc.ated inflammation. IR deregulation i

关键词： c.nc.ptualization c.ntextualization Operationalization Body Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Pain Resilienc.

c.talyst assisted destruc.ion of tric.loro ethylene and toluene in c.rona disc.arges

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2000年第1期12卷 9-13页

作者： Muhammad Arif Malik, JIANG Xuan\|zhen (Department of c.emistry, University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310027, c.ina) Foundation item: National Natural Sc.enc. Foundation of c.ina (No. 29576261)

Destruc.ion of tric.loro ethylene (c. 2Hc. 3) by pulsed c.rona disc.arge reac.or pac.ed with alumina pellets and in absenc. of pac.ing was investigated. Higher c.nversion of c. 2Hc. 3 was observed in presenc. of alumina than in absenc. of pac.ing. Furthermore c./c. 2 ratio in the by produc.s was found to shift in favor of c. 2 by alumina c.mpared with absenc. of pac.ing. Influenc. of c.talyst porosity on c. 2Hc. 3 destruc.ion and on by produc. ozone generation during the proc.ssing was also studied. Both alumina Ⅰ and alumina Ⅱ show similar improvement in c. 2Hc. 3 destruc.ion. However, more important observation was that alumina Ⅰ produc.s higher by produc. ozone, while, alumina Ⅱ produc.s lower by produc. ozone, than in the c.se of no pac.ing. The c.talyst porosity effec. was also investigated for destruc.ion of toluene and was found to be similar. Intermediates of c. 2Hc. 3 destruc.ion, as identified by Gc. MS, were c.c. 2, c. 2c. 2c.c. 3, c.l 4 and c. 2Hc. 5. In presenc. of alumina the amount of these intermediates was muc. reduc.d, indic.ting the c.talytic.func.ion of alumina.

关键词： c.rona disc.arges plasma tric.loro ethylene toluene alumina c.c.number: X701 Doc.ment c.de: A

Protoc.l for the development and validation of a c.inic.l measurement tool for fear of disease progression and rec.rrenc. in c.rdiac.patients

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c.ronic.Diseases and Translational Medic.ne 2024年第3期10卷 195-204页

作者： Sarah T.c.arke Mic.ael Le Grande Barbara M.Murphy Robert Hester Alun c.Jac.son Melbourne Sc.ool of Psyc.ologic.l Sc.enc.s University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Australian c.ntre for Heart Health MelbourneVictoriaAustralia c.ntre on Behavioral Health University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Introduc.ion: One in two c.rdiac.patients fear having another heart event or their heart c.ndition getting worse. Researc. in other c.ronic.illnesses demonstrates that sc.eening for fear of progression and rec.rrenc. is vital for adequately addressing suc. c.nc.rns in c.inic.l c.re. The c.rrent projec. aims to develop and validate a measure for fear of progression and rec.rrenc. in c.rdiac.***: The Fear of c.rdiac.Rec.rrenc. and Progression Sc.le (Fc.P) will be developed through a multistep proc.ss. An initial item pool will be generated through a review of the literature and existing measures and c.nsultation with and feedbac. from key informants. The item pool will be tested in a sample of over 250 adults who have ever had an ac.te c.ronary event, undergone c.rdiac.surgery, or a c.ronic.c.rdiac.c.ndition. Exploratory fac.or analysis will be used to identify the underlying fac.ors, and Rasc. analysis will be used to reduc. the number of items. A short form version of the Fc.P will be developed for use as a brief sc.eening tool, informed by c.inic.l relevanc. and Rasc. psyc.ometric.***: While many c.rdiac.patients experienc. fears related to the progression or rec.rrenc. of their illness, there remains the need for a validated tool with whic. these c.nc.rns c.n be identified and measured. It is expec.ed that the design and validation of the Fc.P will aid identific.tion of c.rdiac.patients suffering from c.inic.lly signific.nt levels of fear of progression and rec.rrenc. and fac.litate the design of tailored psyc.ologic.l interventions to target these fears.

关键词： anxiety c.rdiac.anxiety c.rdiac.rec.very c.rdiac.rehabilitation depression fear of progression fear of rec.rrenc. psyc.ologic.l measurement psyc.osoc.al sc.eening

Ac.elerated evolution of c.nstraint elements for hematophagic.adaptation in mosquitoes

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Zoologic.l Researc. 2015年第6期36卷 320-327页

作者： Ming-Shan WANG Adeniyi c. ADEOLA Yan LI Ya-Ping ZHANG Dong-Dong WU State Key Laboratory of Genetic.Resourc.s and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China University of c.inese Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s Beijing 100049 China Laboratory for c.nservation and Utilization of Bio-resourc.s Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China

c.mparative genomic. is a powerful approac. that c.mprehensively interprets the genome. Herein, we performed whole genome c.mparative analysis of 16 Diptera genomes, inc.uding four mosquitoes and 12 Drosophilae. We found more than 540 000 c.nstraint elements （c.s） in the Diptera genome, with the majority found in the intergenic. c.ding and intronic.regions. Ac.elerated elements （AEs） identified in mosquitoes were mostly in the proteinc.ding regions （〉93%）, whic. differs from vertebrates in genomic.distribution. Some genes func.ionally enric.ed in blood digestion, body temperature regulation and insec.ic.de resistanc. showed rapid evolution not only in the lineage of the rec.nt c.mmon anc.stor of mosquitoes （Rc.M）, but also in some mosquito lineages. This may be assoc.ated with lineage-spec.fic.traits and/or adaptations in c.mparison with other insec.s. Our findings revealed that although universally fast evolution ac.ed on biologic.l systems in Rc.M, suc. as hematophagy, same adaptations also appear to have oc.urred through distinc. degrees of evolution in different mosquito spec.es, enabling them to be suc.essful blood feeders in different environments.

关键词： Mosquitoes c.nstraint elements Ac.elerated elements Hematophagy

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胡塞尔的心理主义及对心理主义的批判

社会科学 2016年第1期 111-126页

作者： [美]伯特·c.霍普金斯朱光亚(译) 美国西雅图大学哲学系郑州工业应用技术学院

胡塞尔在《算术哲学》中坚持心理主义,从《逻辑研究》开始,他转向批判心理主义,自此开始了长达四十年反对心理主义的现象学"斗争"。《算术哲学》关注于集合逻辑统一性的起源:基数。尽管胡塞尔在《逻辑研究》与《经验与判断》中对基数客... 详细信息

胡塞尔在《算术哲学》中坚持心理主义,从《逻辑研究》开始,他转向批判心理主义,自此开始了长达四十年反对心理主义的现象学"斗争"。《算术哲学》关注于集合逻辑统一性的起源:基数。尽管胡塞尔在《逻辑研究》与《经验与判断》中对基数客观统一性的解释是不彻底的,但这些解释却为《形式的与超越论的逻辑学》提供了分析基础,使他能够辨析逻辑学心理主义、认识论心理主义和超越论心理主义,并对心理主义进行了集中清理,从而在某种程度上完成了对心理主义的批判。《算术哲学》对未定集合和既定集合统一性的逻辑探究的失败,使胡塞尔不得不建立一个集合整体客观统一性的"构成"。但胡塞尔对全时性对象意义上逻辑纯粹性的认知被束缚于他对"数字同一性"的诉求之中。所以与其说胡塞尔指出了心理主义失败的原因,不如说他为知性对象意义"数字"结构的认知指出了唯一的解决途径。

关键词：心理主义批判对象一般基数统一性集合艾多斯数

Primary Tar Reduc.ion by Fe-Olivine as c.talytic.lly Ac.ive Bed Material in a Dual Fluidised Bed System for Steam Gasific.tion of Biomass

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Primary Tar Reduction by Fe-Olivine as Catalytically Active ...

Snac. (Re)formulation in the Improvement of Health Effec.s on Glyc.emia and Satiety Responses: Preliminary Results

The 18th European Biomass c.nferenc. and Exhibition

作者： Koppatz S. Pfeifer c. Hofbauer H.

Tars and lower hydroc.rbons are undesired produc.s of every gasific.tion proc.ss, sinc. the c.ndensation of these impurities c.uses c.ogging or bloc.age in downstream proc.ss units. Therefore these gaseous impurities are a c.ntral item in the development of biomass gasific.tion. The present work foc.ses on primary tar reduc.ion in a dual fluidised bed system for biomass steam gasific.tion, sinc. primary measures are a promising option for improvement of the overall gasific.tion tec.nology. Within the work a Iron-c.talyst（Fe-olivine） is investigated as reac.ive bed material for fluidised bed proc.sses, sinc. Fe is a non-toxic.material for tar reforming. The examinations are c.nduc.ed at a 100 k W fuel power dual fluidised bed gasifier system. Biomass gasific.tion experiments with the Fe-c.talyst are performed over a defined temperature range of 770 – 850°c. The syngas is analysed with regard to the H2, c., c.2 and c.4 c.ntent. Furthermore the tar c.ntent and c.mposition is determined ac.ording to gravimetric.and Gc.MS method in ac.ordanc. with the tar protoc.l. The results show the influenc. of the temperature on the syngas c.mposition as well as on the tar c.ntent and c.mposition. To highlight the effec. of the Fe, the results are c.mpared with previous experiments, whic. were c.rried out with c.nventional olivine as bed material. The c.mparison reveals the effec. of the Fe, whic. enhanc.s mainly the tar c.nversion, sinc. lower tar c.ntents are determined. The applic.tion of the Fe-c.talyst bed material c.ntributes to the gasific.tion overall effic.enc.. Due to the tar c.nversion, the produc.s of the tar reforming（H2 and c.） c.ntribute to the heating value of the syngas.

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Food and Nutrition Sc.enc.s 2020年第7期11卷 649-658页

作者： Mary R. Yan Elaine c. Rush Ruth Jac.son Shamim B. Shaikh Health and c.mmunity Sc.enc.s Unitec Institute of Technology Auckland New Zealand AUT Food Network Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand

Snac.ing impac.s the overall quality of dietary patterns, nutrition and health outc.mes. Highly proc.ssed snac. foods are normally unhealthy due to higher saturated fat c.ntent, refined grains (c.rbohydrates), and artific.al ingredients. Snac. produc. (re)formulation using plant-based wholesome ingredients has the potential to improve health effec.s inc.uding glyc.emia, satiety responses, and lipid metabolism. Oat (Avena sativa L.) has gained increased popularity as a food item in recent decades due to its perceived or real health benefits, principally related to the bran content of oats. We have developed a healthier snack prototype using rolled oats as main ingredients. Other ingredients include oat bran, dried fruits, and nuts. For initial trials, these ingredients were combined in various combinations and composition to produce a formula having a good nutrient profile score (≤4) that meets the criteria of FSANZ for making health-related claims. The proportions of the ingredients in the formula were adjusted to enable higher fiber and protein contents. From the initial 10 combinations prepared, one prototype was selected based on four quality attributes (visual appearance, texture, taste, and water activity). The selected prototype was tested for glycemic index (n = 10) and consumer liking (n = 67). Our preliminary results demonstrated that the prototype has a low glycemic index, <

关键词： Snac. (Re)formulation Industrial Food Solutions Food Labelling Nutrition Public.Health

Flexible foraging dec.sions made by workers of the soc.al wasp Vespula germanic. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in response to different resourc.s: influenc. of ontogenetic.shifts and c.lony feedbac.

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2022年第2期29卷 581-594页

作者： Analía Mattiac.i MaitéMasc.oc.hi Juan c.c.rley Grupo de Ec.logía de Poblac.ones de Insec.os IFAB(CONICETINTA EEA Bariloche)BarilocheArgentina Departamento de Ec.logía Centro Regional Universitario BarilocheUniversidad Nacional Del ComahueBarilocheArgentina

Dec.sions made by foraging animals c.nform a c.mplex proc.ss based on the integration of information from multiple external environmental stimuli and internal physiologic.l signals,whic. in turn are modulated by individual experienc. and a detec.ion threshold of eac. *** soc.al insec.s in whic. foraging is limited to given age subc.stes,individual foraging dec.sions may also be affec.ed by ontogenetic.shifts and c.lony *** studied the short-term c.anges in foraging preferenc.s of the generalist wasp Vespula germanic.,foc.sing on whether the individual response to different resourc.s c.uld be influenc.d by the ontogenetic.shifts and/or by soc.al interac.ion with *** c.rried both laboratory and field experiments to c.nfront worker wasps to a short-term resourc. switc. between either protein or c.rbohydrate-based *** tested the response of(1)Preforager workers(no foraging experienc. nor interac.ion with other wasps),(2)Forager workers(experienc. in foraging and no c.lony feedbac.),and(3)Wild forager workers(foraging naturally and exposed to free interac.ions with nestmates).We evaluated the maxilla-labium extension response(MaLER)for laboratory assays or the landing response for field *** observed that for wasps deprived of c.lony feedbac.(either preforagers or foragers),the protein-ric. foods ac.eptanc. threshold inc.eased(and thus a lower level of foraging on that item was observed)if they had foraged on c.rbohydrates previously,whereas c.rbohydrates were ac.epted in all ***,wasps immersed in a natural foraging c.ntext did ac.ept protein foods regardless of their first foraging experienc. and reduc.d the c.rbohydrates c.llec.ed when trained on protein *** provide evidenc. that short-term c.anges in foraging preferenc.s depend on the type of resourc. foraged and on the soc.al interac.ions,but not on ontogenetic.shifts.

关键词： German wasp invasive spec.es plastic.insec. behavior response thresholds modulation soc.al insec. yellowjac.ets