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数字支付垄断中的银行竞争与家庭隐私

新金融 2024年第3期 36-43页

作者： itai Agur Anil Ari Giovanni Dell'Ariccia 李丽丽(翻译) 周正铭(翻译) 国际货币基金组织不详

贷款人可以利用家庭的支付数据来推断他们的信誉。当家庭重视隐私时,他们就会在保护隐私和信贷条件之间做出权衡。本文研究了引入更具信息入侵性的数字支付工具是如何对家庭的现金使用、信贷获取和福利产生影响,以及私人和社会最优是如... 详细信息

贷款人可以利用家庭的支付数据来推断他们的信誉。当家庭重视隐私时,他们就会在保护隐私和信贷条件之间做出权衡。本文研究了引入更具信息入侵性的数字支付工具是如何对家庭的现金使用、信贷获取和福利产生影响,以及私人和社会最优是如何分化的。新技术正在从根本上改变支付和信贷提供的方式,并为数据垄断创造了前所未有的空间。技术垄断者控制着新支付方式的入侵性,操纵家庭和寡头垄断银行之间的信息不对称,以获取比自己放贷更有利可图的数据合同。自由放任的均衡需要一种比最优状态更具入侵性的数字支付工具,为监管提供窗口。本刊编译此篇国际货币基金组织的工作论文,以期为读者带来启示。

关键词：数字支付家庭隐私金融中介大数据数据监管

Direct and relaxation methods for soil-structure interaction due to tunneling

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第1期11卷 9-17页

作者： Assaf KLAR itai ELKAYAM Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

This paper deals with the problem of tunneling effects on existing buildings. The direct solution,using the condensation method,is presented. This method allows the structural and geotechnical engineers to treat the problem separately and then assemble a relatively small matrix that can be solved directly,even within a spreadsheet. There are certain concerns that the resultant matrix may be ill-conditioned when the structure is very stiff. This paper suggests an alternative method that essentially relaxes the system from an infinitely rigid structure solution. As such,it does not encounter the problems associated with stiff systems. The two methods are evaluated for an example problem of tunneling below a framed structure. It is found that while the direct method may fail to predict reasonable values when the structure is extremely rigid,the alternative method is stable. The relaxation method can therefore be used in cases where there are concerns about the reliability of a direct solution.

关键词： Tunneling Soil-structure interaction Foundation settlements Excavations Soil mechanics

Upper bound of tunnel face stability using asymmetric yielding

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Underground Space 2018年第4期3卷 288-296页

作者： itai Elkayam Assaf Klar Technion–Israel Institute of Technology HaifaIsrael Technical University of Denmark LyngbyDenmark

Although significant advancement has been made over recent years with respect to three-dimensional upper bound calculations of tun-nel facing,a considerable difference still exists between analytically and empirically based stability *** current work suggests that the difference may well be the outcome of the traditional use of Tresca yield criterion for the upper bound calculations,which,by definition,does not distinguish among the shearing modes(compression,extension,plane strain).Consequently,this paper suggests and discusses a new yield function,which allows for asymmetric *** yielding is only beneficial in the case of three-dimensional and continuous velocity fields,and therefore a numerical procedure that generates relevant kinematically admissible fields for classical upper bound cal-culation is *** procedure involves conversion from a load controlled boundary value problem to a velocity controlled problem at the limit state of *** analysis results in significantly lower upper bound values than those presented earlier(for Tresca mate-rial),and the values are much closer to the stability curves of Kimura and Mair(1981),which are commonly used in design.

关键词： Tunnels Plasticity Stability Upper bound

A hardening load transfer function for rock bolts and its calibration using distributed fiber optic sensing

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第11期15卷 2816-2830页

作者： Assaf Klar Ori Nissim itai Elkayam Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel

Confinement of rock bolts by the surrounding rock formation has long been recognized as a positive contributor to the pull-out behavior,yet only a few experimental works and analytical models have been reported,most of which are based on the global rock bolt response evaluated in pull-out *** paper presents a laboratory experimental setup aiming to capture the rock formation effect,while using distributed fiber optic sensing to quantify the effect of the confinement and the reinforcement pull-out behavior on a more local *** is shown that the behavior along the sample itself varies,with certain points exhibiting stress drops with crack *** edge effects related to the kinematic freedom of the grout to dilate are also ***,it was found that the mid-level response is quite similar to the average response along the *** ability to characterize the variation of the response along the sample is one of the many advantages high-resolution fiber optic sensing allows in such *** paper also offers a plasticity-based hardening load transfer function,representing a"slice"of the *** paper describes in detail the development of the model and the calibration/determination of its *** suggested model captures well the coupled behavior in which the pull-out process leads to an increase in the confining stress due to dilative behavior.

关键词： Rock bolts Distributed fiber optic sensing Pull-out tests Load transfer function Hardening model

Co-occurrence based texture synthesis

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Computational Visual Media 2022年第2期8卷 289-302页

作者： Anna Darzi itai Lang Ashutosh Taklikar Hadar Averbuch-Elor Shai Avidan Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801Israel Cornell-Tech Cornell UniversityNYCNY10044USA

As image generation techniques mature,there is a growing interest in explainable representations that are easy to understand and intuitive to *** this work,we turn to co-occurrence statistics,which have long been used for texture analysis,to learn a controllable texture synthesis *** propose a fully convolutional generative adversarial network,conditioned locally on co-occurrence statistics,to generate arbitrarily large images while having local,interpretable control over texture *** encourage fidelity to the input condition,we introduce a novel differentiable co-occurrence loss that is integrated seamlessly into our framework in an end-to-end *** demonstrate that our solution offers a stable,intuitive,and interpretable latent representation for texture synthesis,which can be used to generate smooth texture morphs between different *** further show an interactive texture tool that allows a user to adjust local characteristics of the synthesized texture by directly using the co-occurrence values.

关键词： co-occurrence texture synthesis deep learning generative adversarial networks(GANs)

Geographic distribution of arsenic contamination in the Himalayan Rivers flowing through Pakistan: Implications for its natural source and effects of anthropogenic activities

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第4期38卷 543-555页

作者： Ishtiaque Hussain Hafiz Ur.Rehman Takaaki itai Junaid Ali Khattak Abida Farooqi Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Environmental Sciences University of Baltistan Skardu Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering Kagoshima University Department of Earth and Planetary Environmental Science (UG) Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Department of Earth and Planetary Physics (UG) Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Department of Earth and Planetary Science (GR) Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo

Arsenic(As) in natural hydrological systems is known as a worldwide major environmental concern. A geochemical and sedimentological study was done to ascertain the origin and geographical distribution of As in surface water and fluvial sediment collected from the floodplains/basins of the River Indus and its four major tributaries that drain through the northern Pakistan. The hydrogeochemical compositions of all five rivers were similar with calcium(Ca2+) and bicarbonate(HCO3-) being the dominating ions. The concentration of As ranged from 0.62-24.05 μg/L(average 3.7 ± 3.5 μg/L, n = 61) in river water, 2.3-23.4 mg/kg(average 5.7 ± 3.9 mg/kg) in suspended sediment, and 2.0-13 mg/kg(average4.13 ± 2.3 mg/kg) in fluvial sediment. Various approaches were used, including mineralogical, sequential extraction, geochemical, and statistical analyses to investigate the distribution, behavior, and potential sources of As in the sediment. The effect of geological factors on the distribution of As was also *** noticeable changes in the relative abundance of minerals were observed in the sediment at different locations along the river. Both mineralogical and statistical analyses showed that silicate minerals like muscovite, biotite, and chloride are the main As reservoir while oxides minerals like hematite and magnetite, which are minor components in the sediment are second largest As carrier. A geochemical baseline, using the normalization and cumulative frequency distribution curves was constructed for *** estimated mean human contribution of As was 3.4% in the Indus River, 1.9% in the Jhelum River, 13.7%in the Chenab River, 17.5% in the Ravi River and 5.4% in the Sutlej River, indicating relatively higher effects of anthropogenic activity along the Chenab River and Ravi River. The almost negligible effects of anthropogenic activities were additionally confirmed through the pollution assessment parameters estimated from the geo-enrichment, contamination factors, and ac

关键词： Arsenic Indus basin Geochemical baseline Source Contamination assessment

Who should you be following? The top 100 social media influencers in orthopaedic surgery

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2019年第9期10卷 327-338页

作者： Nathan H Varady Akash A Chandawarkar Willem A Kernkamp itai Gans Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205United States

BACKGROUND Social media has been credited with the potential to transform medicine,and Twitter was recently named“an essential tool”for the academic *** this,peer-to-peer and educational influence on social media has not been studied within orthopaedic *** knowledge is important to identify who is controlling the conversation about orthopaedics to the *** hypothesized that the plurality of top influencers would be sports medicine surgeons,that social media influence would not be disconnected from academic productivity,and that some of the top social media influencers in orthopaedic surgery would not be orthopaedic *** To identify the top 100 social media influencers within orthopaedics,characterize who they are,and relate their social media influence to academic *** Twitter influence scores for the topic“orthopaedics”were collected in July 2018 using Right Relevance *** accounts with the top influence scores were linked to individual names,and the account owners were characterized with respect to specialty,subspecialty,practice setting,location,board certification,and academic Hirsch index(h-index).RESULTS Seventy-eight percent of top influencers were orthopaedic *** most common locations included California(13%),Florida(8%),New York(7%),United Kingdom(7%),Colorado(6%),and Minnesota(6%).The mean academic h-index of the top influencers(n=79)was 13.67±4.12(mean±95%CI)and median 7(range 1-89)(median reported h-index of academic orthopaedic faculty is 5 and orthopaedic chairpersons is 13).Of the 78 orthopaedic surgeons,the most common subspecialties were sports medicine(54%),hand and upper extremity(18%),and spine(8%).Most influencers worked in private practice(53%),followed by academics(17%),privademics(14%),and hospital-based(9%).All eligible orthopaedic surgeons with publicly-verifiable board certification statuses were board-certified(n=74).CONCLUSION The top orthopaedic social media influencers on

关键词： Social media Influence Impact Twitter Orthopaedics Orthopedics

Rice-Specific Mitochondrial Iron-Regulated Gene （MIR） Plays an Important Role in Iron Homeostasis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1059-1066页

作者： Yasuhiro Ishimaru Khurram Bashir Masaru Fujimoto Gynheung An Reiko Nakanishi itai Nobuhiro Tsutsumi Hiromi Nakanishi Naoko K Nishizawa Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology Ishikawa Prefectural University Ishikawa 921-8836 Japan

Mitochondria utilize iron （Fe）, but the proteins involved in mitochondrial Fe regulation are not characterized in plants. We cloned and characterized a mitochondrial iron-regulated （MIR） gene in rice involved in Fe homeostasis. MIR, when expressed in tobacco BY-2 cells, was localized to the mitochondria. MIR transcripts were greatly increased in response to Fe deficiency in roots and shoot tissue. MIR is not homologous to any known protein, as homologs were not found in the rice or Arabidopsis genome databases, or in the EST database for other organisms. Growth in the MIR T-DNA knockout rice mutant （mir） was significantly impaired compared to wild-type （WT） plants when grown under Fe-deficient or -sufficient conditions. Furthermore, mir plants accumulated more than twice the amount of Fe in shoot and root tissue compared to WT plants when grown under either Fe-sufficient or -deficient conditions. Despite the high accumulation of Fe in roots and shoots, mir plants triggered the expression of Fe-deficiency-inducible genes, indicating that mir may not be able to utilize Fe for physiological functions. These results clearly suggest that MIR is a rice-specific mitochondrial protein, recently evolved, and plays a significant role in Fe homeostasis.

关键词： Fe-deficiency-regulated gene Fe homeostasis mitochondria Oryza sativa.

Applied positive psychology

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