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Polymer Modified Concrete of Blended Cement and Natural Latex Copolymer: Static and Dynamic Analysis

Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2018年第2期8卷 205-220页

作者： Sih Wuri Andayani Rochim Suratman iswandi imran Mardiyati Material Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia Centre for Material and Technical Product Ministry of Industry Bandung Indonesia Civil Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia

This paper deals with the effect of blended cement and natural latex copolymer to static and dynamic properties of polymer modified concrete. The polymer was used copolymer of natural latex methacrylate (KOLAM) and copolymer of natural latex styrene (KOLAS) with composition of 1%, 5%, and 10% w/w of weight of blended cement in concrete mixture. They are tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus elasticity for static analysis, and impact load and energy dissipation profile for dynamic analysis. The result shows that KOLAM with concentration 1% give better performance in static and dynamic properties. The KOLAM 1% gives improvement in flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus elasticity about 4%, 13% and 3% compared to normal concrete. And for dynamic properties, KOLAM 1% could reduce impact load up to 35% and improve energy dissipation capacity about 45% compared to normal concrete. The concentration of KOLAM higher than 1% resulting negative effect to static and dynamic properties, except modulus of elasticity. For KOLAS, there were no positive trends of static and dynamic properties.

关键词： Blended Cement Dynamic Properties Polymer Modified Concrete KOLAM KOLAS Static Properties

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Improving the phenotypic expression of rice genotypes:Rethinking “intensification” for production systems and selection practices for rice breeding

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The Crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 174-189页

作者： Norman Uphoff Vasilia Fasoula Anas iswandi Amir Kassam Amod K.Thakur SRI-Rice 624 Bradfield Hall Cornell University Institute of Plant Breeding Genetics and Genomics University of Georgia Soil Biotechnology Laboratory Deptof Soil Science and Land Resources Faculty of Agriculture Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) Bogor West Java 16680 Indonesia School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading RG6 6AR UK ICAR-Directorate of Water Management Bhubaneswar 751023 India

Intensification in rice crop production is generally understood as requiring increased use of material inputs: water, inorganic fertilizers, and agrochemicals. However, this is not the only kind of intensification available. More productive crop phenotypes, with traits such as more resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and shorter crop cycles, are possible through modifications in the management of rice plants, soil, water, and nutrients, reducing rather than increasing material inputs. Greater factor productivity can be achieved through the application of new knowledge and more skill, and(initially) more labor, as seen from the System of Rice Intensification(SRI), whose practices are used in various combinations by as many as 10 million farmers on about 4 million hectares in over 50 countries. The highest yields achieved with these management methods have come from hybrids and improved rice varieties, confirming the importance of making genetic improvements. However,unimproved varieties are also responsive to these changes, which induce better growth and functioning of rice root systems and more abundance, diversity, and activity of beneficial soil organisms. Some of these organisms as symbiotic endophytes can affect and enhance the expression of rice plants' genetic potential as well as their phenotypic resilience to multiple stresses, including those of climate change. SRI experience and data suggest that decades of plant breeding have been selecting for the best crop genetic endowments under suboptimal growing conditions, with crowding of plants that impedes their photosynthesis and growth, flooding of rice paddies that causes roots to degenerate and forgoes benefits derived from aerobic soil organisms, and overuse of agrochemicals that adversely affect these organisms as well as soil and human health. This review paper reports evidence from research in India and Indonesia that changes in crop and water management can improve the expression of rice plants' g

关键词： Expression of genetic potential Rice phenotypes Selection criteria for plant breeding Selection efficiency System of Rice Intensification

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