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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第3期10卷 181-191页

作者： Kayaba HARO issoufou ouarma Bernard NANA Antoine BERE Guy Christian TUBREOUMYA Sie Zacharie KAM Patricia LAVILLE Benjamin LOUBET Jean KOULIDIATI Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de I'Environnement Universite Joseph Kl-ZERBOOuagadougou03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso INRA AgroParisTech VMR ECOSYSThiverval-GrignonF-78850France Institut des Sciences Ouagadougou01 BP 1757 Ouagadougou 01Burkina Faso

Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (C02) surface emissions from Polesgo's landfill (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) were measured using the static chamber technique in 2017 and 2018. The Polesgo's landfill was composed of four zones: Phase I, II, Phase III, and SP. The surface of Phase I was fully covered and its conditions are better for surface emission measurements. As results concerning the Phase I zone, the geospatial means flux rates of CH4 (657 mg m-2 h l in 2017 and 1210 mg m 2 h_, in 2018, respectively) are measured higher than the tolerable value reported in literature. The emitted CH4 or C 02 have permitted to locate higher surface emissions which are related to the cover state. The calculated gas collection efficiency (27.4% in 2017 and 23.0% in 2018) is low compared to those reported for landfills integrating landfill gas (LFG) extraction system. The carbon footprint calculations (24,966 tC02-eq 2017 and 40,025 tC02-eq in 2018, respectively) shown that Polesgo's landfill is a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHG) and its important potential for organic recovery can contribute to reduce the carbon footprint.

关键词： Municipal solid waste landfilling CH4 C 02 Collection efficiency Static chamber method Carbon footprint

Characterization and Potential Recovery of Household Solid Waste in the City of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第4期9卷 309-324页

作者： Kayaba Haro issoufou ouarma Bernard Nana Antoine Bere Jean Koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This study on physical and physicochemical characteristics of household solid waste (HSW) in the city of Ouagadougou by using MODECOM, “Method of Characterization of Household waste” was done fifteen (15) years after the first study. Special attention has been paid to waste sampled and also to estimate energy content, namely the higher heating value (HHV) and the lower heating value (LHV). As a general tendency, the results showed a sensitive evolution in the physical parameters of waste (composition by size and composition by category) and also in the physicochemical parameters (moisture content and energy content). The results of HSW composition study showed that regardless the seasons, fermentable fraction is dominant (39% in the rainy season and 20% in the dry season) followed by plastics (18% in the rainy season and 20% in the dry season). The moisture content is measured to be 56.69% and 37.69% respectively in the rainy season and dry season. The results analysis of the potential of recovery showed that the organic recovery is more important (60% in the rainy season and 55% in the dry season) than the matter recovery (43% in the rainy season and 46% in the dry season). These results highlight the need for organic recovery and matter recovery of HSW in the city of Ouagadougou. The results from the analysis of the energy content showed that the HHV is estimated to be 17.94 MJ/kg in the rainy season and 17.96 MJ/kg in the dry season. The LHV is calculated to be 6.38 MJ/kg in the rainy season and 10.27 MJ/kg in the dry season. These results suggest that incineration as treatment of HSW in the city of Ouagadougou is not economically an appropriate option.

关键词： Waste Characterization Waste Recovery MODECOM Energy Content Calorific Value Ouagadougou

Assessment of Pollution Levels of Suspended Particulate Matter on an Hourly and a Daily Time Scale in West African Cities: Case Study of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第11期8卷 119-138页

作者： issoufou ouarma Bernard Nana Kayaba Haro Antoine Béré Jean Koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut Des Sciences (IDS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologie (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In Western countries, research works on air quality have reinforced in recent years because of the links between the level of particulate pollution in numerous cities and the appearing of various health disorders including cardio-respiratory pathologies, acute bronchopneumonia, lung cancer, etc. In sub-Saharan Africa countries, particularly Burkina Faso, there is very few similar research. In the present work, the pollution levels of airborne particle in the city of Ouagadougou have been assessed through two campaigns of in situ measurements of suspended particulate matter concentrations. These measurements which have concerned PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were performed using a portable device (AEROCET531S) at nine sites in 2018 and at ten sites in 2019. These sites are located on roadside, administrative services, secondary education establishments and outlying districts. The results show that: 1) the PM1 concentrations values presented no significant variation between days, seasons or sampling sites;2) the 24-hour PM2.5 concentrations often exceeding WHO recommended concentrations and, 3) the 24-hour PM10 concentrations exceed WHO recommended concentrations regardless of the season or the sampling site. In indeed, the average 24-hour concentrations are 20 ± 4, 87 ± 16 and 951 ± 266 μg·m−3 for the PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. They are 17 ± 3, 29 ± 5 and 158 ± 43 μg·m−3, respectively, in 2018 dry season and, 12 ± 1, 22 ± 9 and 187 ± 67 μg·m−3, respectively, in 2019 rainy season.

关键词： Urban Air Pollution PM1 PM2.5 PM10 AEROCET Ouagadougou

Simulation and Evaluation of Dust Emission with Polair3D-SIREAM Model over West Africa Focused on Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第1期10卷 80-102页

作者： Bernard Nana Oumar Sanogo issoufou ouarma Antoine Béré Jean Koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences (IDS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The study of air pollution is recent in West Africa. There is a lack of data on air pollution. However, some studies conducted in West Africa show that air quality is a concern. Population growth and massive vehicles imports are contributing to the deterioration of this air quality. In this work, we present the modelling of desert aerosols using a CTM Polair3D-SIREAM. The objective is to evaluate the ability of Polair3D-SIREAM to reproduce observations of PM10 and Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT). A simulation with Polair3D-SIREAM was carried out in West Africa, focused on Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) for 2007. The model of Marticorena and Bergametti (1995), MB95, was used to estimate desert aerosols emissions. The total emission of dust modelled is 52.2 Tg. For the evaluation of PM10, the simulated averages remained within the same orders of magnitude as the observed averages. Correlations are low in all the observation sites. The other indicators are similar to those found by Schmechtig et al. (2011). Performance criteria of Boylan and Russel (2006) are met for the observation sites of Ouagadougou and Ilorin (Nigeria). For the AOTs, the correlations are significantly improved, in particular, at the sites of Ouagadougou and Ilorin. Performance criteria of Boylan are met for all observation sites. However, the performance goals are only achieved for Ouagadougou and Ilorin.

关键词： Air Pollution Dust Emission Modelling PM10 Aerosol Optical Thickness Polair3D-SIREAM

Estimation of Landfill Gas and Its Renewable Energy Potential from the Polesgo Controlled Landfill Using First-Order Decay (FOD) Models

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第10期15卷 975-993页

作者： Haro Kayaba ouarma issoufou Dabilgou Téré Compaore Abdoulaye Sanogo Oumar Bere Antoine Koulidiati Jean Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies Laboratoire des Systmes dEnergies Renouvelable et Environnement-Gnie Mcanique et Industriel (CNRST/IRSAT/LASERE-GMI) Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de LEnvironnement Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Banfora Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Le Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Ziniar Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso

Methane generation in landfills and its inadequate management represent the major avoidable source of anthropogenic methane today. This paper models methane production and the potential resources expected (electrical energy production and potential carbon credits from avoided CH4 emissions) from its proper management in a municipal solid waste landfill located in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The modeling was carried out using two first-order decay (FOD) models (LandGEM V3.02 and SWANA) using parameters evaluated on the basis of the characteristics of the waste admitted to the landfill and weather data for the site. At the same time, production data have been collected since 2016 in order to compare them with the model results. The results obtained from these models were compared to experimental one. For the simulation of methane production, the SWANA model showed better consistency with experimental data, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.59 compared with the LandGEM model, which obtained a coefficient of 0.006. Thus, despite the low correlation values linked to the poor consistency of experimental data, the SWANA model models methane production much better than the LandGEM model. Thus, despite the low correlation values linked to the poor consistency of the experimental data, the SWANA model models methane production much better than the LandGEM V3.02 model. It was noted that the poor consistency of the experimental data justifies these low coefficients, and that they can be improved in the future thanks to ongoing in situ measurements. According to the SWANA model prediction, in 27 years of operation a biogas plant with 33% electrical efficiency using biogas from the Polesgo landfill would avoid 1,340 GgCO2e. Also, the evaluation of revenues due to electricity and carbon credit gave a total revenue derived from methane production of US$27.38 million at a cost of US$10.5/tonne CO2e.

关键词： First-Order Decay Methane Modeling Landfill Renewable Energy

Impact of Improved Cookstoves on the Level of Household Exposure to CO and PM_2.5 in Sub-Saharan Cities: The Case of the City of Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2023年第2期12卷 50-66页

作者： Lucmane Koala Kayaba Haro Ousmane Coulibaly Bernard Nana issoufou ouarma Edwige Ouedraogo Tizane Daho Oumar Sanogo Antoine Béré Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologie (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut Des Sciences (IDS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Air pollution is one of the major global threats to human health. In Burkina Faso, more than 80% of the population uses solid fuels as the main source of cooking energy. This paper reports a comparative study on the exposure of household to the carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted by improved cookstoves (ICS) or traditional cookstoves (TCS). A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Ouagadougou for 4 months during the rainy season (July to October) in households with an outdoor kitchen. The investigation involved 92 households where air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and CO were measured with Indoor Air Pollution Meters (IAP meter). These measurements were focused on the concentration levels of the pollutants during cooking. The results of this study show high levels of PM2.5 and CO for all type of stoves. Wood stoves led to higher PM2.5 and lower CO emissions than charcoal stoves. ICS reduce emissions of indoor air pollutants compared to TCS. This reduction raised up to 82% for PM2.5 and 37% for CO. The analysis of the data measured with the student test (t-test) shows that there is a statistically significant difference between the average values of the concentrations of the pollutants emitted with the TCS compared to ICS, except for CO emissions measured on multi-pot sizes cookstoves (MM). This study shows that the concentrations of indoor air pollutants are very high regardless of the type of cookstoves used. The CO exposure obtained varies from 119.10 to 362.72 μg/m3 for 15-minute and 10.83 - 55.11 μg/m3 for 1-hour exposure. The exposure in PM2.5 varies from 4762 to 16,257 μg/m3 for 15-minute and 106.63 to 1597 μg/m3 for 1-hour of exposure. It was noted that the CO exposure levels obtained over 15-minute of exposure are 1.36 to 4.15 times higher than the WHO recommendation and 1.8 times higher for an exposure time of one hou

关键词： Biomass Cookstove Particulate Matters Carbon Monoxide